Louisville N. R. Co. v. Duncan
Louisville N. R. Co. v. Duncan
Opinion of the Court
(1-6) Some of the foregoing facts were denied by defendant’s witnesses, thereby presenting an issue for the jury. The first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth assignments of error present the question as to whether or not the appellee was entitled to recover in this case on the evidence presented, and all present the same question. We recognize the principle of law, as expressed in the maxim, “Damnum absque injuria,” as laid down in Cooley on Torts, p. 851, and affirmed in the ease of L. & N. v. Scruggs & Echols, 161 Ala. 97, 49 South. 399, 23 L. R. A. (N. S.) 184, 135 Am. St. Rep. 114, but we are of the opinion that the rule of, “Sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas,” is not applicable to the case at bar. In the L. & N. Case, supra, the use of the property was passive, and therefore the defendant was guilty of no negligence in the exercise of its rights resulting in injury to plaintiff’s property. But in this case the defendant owed the plaintiff the duty not to obstruct a public street for an unreasonable time, when it knew a fire truck was being delayed on its way to a fire, and what was an unreasonable time was under all the facts a question for the jury. Four and one-half minutes under some circumstances would be a short time, a reasonable time, but when a man’s house is afire, 4% minutes is a long, long time to wait for assistance. The use of' defendant’s track, blocking a public street for 4% minutes under ordinary circumstances would be a reasonable time, and therefore would be a passive use, in the exercise of which,it could not be made liable, but when the defendant continues to obstruct the street after the lapse of a reasonable time, taking into consideration all the facts and circumstances existing as to what constitutes a reasonable time, it becomes active use, 'and if then used in derogation of plaintiff’s rights, and damage occurs as a proximate consequence, the defendant would be liable. L. & N. v. Scruggs et al., 161 Ala. 100, 49 South. 399, 23 L. R. A. (N. S.) 184, 135 Am. St. Rep. 114; Amer. S. & T. P. Co. v. Pittsburgh L. E. Ry. Co., 143 Fed. 789, 75 C. C. A. 47, 12 L. R. A. (N. S.) 382, 6 Ann. Cas. 626; B. E. & B. v. Williams, 190 Ala. 53, 66 South. 653. In order for the jury to find for the plaintiff in this case, it was necessary for them to find that the crossing was obstructed for an unreasonable time; that the efforts of the firemen, unimpeded by the negligent acts of defendant’s servants in control of the train, would have saved from destruction the plaintiff’s property. There was evidence from which the jury could so find.
(10) The complaint, which was in one count, omitting the formal parts and the description of the property, was as follows:
“And plaintiff says that a house in which he resided and which contained the personal effects and household furniture of plaintiff at No. 2821 on Twelfth avenue, in said city of Bessemer, .caught on fire, and the firemen of the fire department of said city were going to said fire with a large fire truck for the purpose of putting out said fire, and while said firemen with *522 said fire truck were going to said fire along Eighth avenue, a public thoroughfare of said city of Bessemer, one of defendant’s said trains extended across and obstructed said Eighth avenue so as to delay for a considerable time the passage of the said firemen and motor truck along said Eighth avenue in their run to said fire, and when said fire was finally reached by said firemen with said truck It was too late to Save plaintiff’s said personal effects and household furniture, but the same were then and there destroyed by said fire. * * *
“And the plaintiff says that his said damage was proximately caused by the negligence of defendant, in this: That defendant negligently delayed the said firemen with said truck in their passage along said Eighth avenue en route to said fire. And plaintiff says that, except for defendant’s said negligent delay of said firemen with said fire truck, the said firemen with said fire truck would have reached said fire quicker than they did, and would have saved plaintiff’s said personal effects and household furniture from destruction By said fire, and plaintiff’s said damage would have been avoided.”
“Count 4 differs from count 1 only'in that it qualifies the allegation that the ‘defendant negligently ran an engine’ by the additional averment that the engine was run ‘at a rapid rate of speed.’ ”
And he then proceeds to say:
“It is not to be declared defective under the rule that the sufficiency of a complaint in an action for personal injuries which undertakes to define the particular negligence which caused the injury must be tested by the special allegations in that respect. In other words, the allegation that the train was run at a rapid rate of speed is not put in apposition to a general charge of negligence. Rather, the act particularly alleged to have been done is characterized generally as having been negligently done. This characterization, supplies every element necessary to'make the rapid running of a train negligence.”
And again, in the same opinion:
“There are conditions under which it may constitute negligence ts>- maintain a rapid rate of speed in the movement of a railroad train, and those conditions are supplied in the count by the averment that defenaant’s train was negligently moved at a rapid' rate of speed.”
We might aptly paraphrase the foregoing reasoning of the learned justice in this opinion as applied to the present complaint. It is alleged that defendant negligently delayed the said firemen with said truck in their passage along said Eighth avenue en route to said fire, which is preceded by an allegation that one of defendant’s trains extended across and obstructed the avenue so as to delay the truck for a considerable time. ■There are conditions under which it may constitute negligence to delay firemen at a street crossing for a considerable time, and those conditions are supplied in the count by the averment that the defendant negligently delayed the firemen, etc.
The reasoning of the justice in the case of Southern Ry. v. Crawford, supra, seems to us both applicable and unanswerable. We therefore hold that the count was not subject to the demurrer. Besides, it will be seen by a reading of the general charge of the court that the judge trying the case so construed the complaint, in that he charged the jury that the complaint alleged that the defendant was guilty of negligence in blocking the crossing for an unreasonable length of time.
For the reasons above stated, the motion for a new trial was properly overruled. We find no error in the record, and the judgment is .affirmed.
Affirmed.
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- Louisville & N. R. Co. v. Duncan
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