Davis v. State
Davis v. State
Opinion
Our original opinion in this case, which was released on October 25, 1991, is withdrawn, and the foregoing opinion is substituted therefor.
J.C. Davis, the appellant, was indicted for first degree robbery, in violation of §
Because the trial court had the prosecutor state his reasons for his peremptory strikes without requiring the appellant to establish a prima facie case of discrimination, we will review the reasons given by the prosecutor and the trial court's ultimate ruling on the Batson motion without any determination of whether the appellant had proved a prima facie case of discrimination. See McLeod v. State,
The following portion of the record is pertinent to this issue:
"MR. DAVIS [the prosecutor]: Ms. A., one of the State's strikes, number four.
"Ms. A. stated that her husband knew one of the defendants. She also stated that she, it would take more than one person to identify any particular person in a situation for her to return a verdict of guilty.
"That is the sole reason the State struck her. And, she said her husband knew the defendant. I've forgotten which one she said. I think it was Posey.
"Ms. D also said that it would take more than one identifying witness for her to come back with a verdict of guilty. And her number was 72. She said that it would take more than one witness for her to be satisfied.
"THE COURT: You struck Ms. J, also.
"MR. DAVIS: She was in criminal court, and she said she came back with a not guilty verdict, for the defendant. That's my recollection of — plus, she said that *Page 628 circumstantial evidence is controlling, that there was other people that didn't believe that circumstantial evidence was not enough to satisfy them, but she said circumstantial evidence was not enough to satisfy her, plus that she had been on a jury before, and she came back with a not guilty verdict, for the defendant, is my recollection.
"And, Ms. W., I think.
"THE COURT: Ms. W., number 301.
"MR. DAVIS: I have that she sat on a civil jury; is that correct? She never did say what the verdict — the verdict, I believe, was for the plaintiff. Verdict in favor of the plaintiff, which leaves [leads] the State to believe she may be plaintiff oriented, which is not the same thing as State defendant oriented, but I looked at it as sort of the same way.
"She said she had trouble with circumstantial evidence. Not that. A number of other people said that they have problems with circumstantial evidence, and the State did not strike them.
"This verdict in favor of the plaintiff, and circumstantial evidence, the fact that she's got blonde hair. I mean, not that she — there is no other black woman on that jury panel with blonde hair. If you can show me one — those are my three reasons.
"It's been my personal experience that if somebody is not cognizant of their own reality and existence to want blonde hair, and they are a black woman, I don't want them on my jury.
"MS. VINSON [defense counsel]: Yes, sir. Your Honor, the last reason given by Mr. Davis is totally irrelevant.
"The fact Mr. Davis claims that she was plaintiff oriented, I think, would have been to the State's benefit, more than for the defense. Also, there were many people who were not struck that indicated that they would need more than circumstantial evidence to convict in a case, and we feel that the reasons given by him are not race-neutral.
"There was also — I'm going to be — yes, Ms. M. was not struck, who returned a not guilty verdict in a case, also.
"MR. DAVIS: She said a civil case. Big difference between civil and criminal.
"MS. VINSON: True.
"I feel that those are not race-neutral reasons for those strikes.
"MR. DAVIS: May I answer that, Your Honor?
"THE COURT: Sure.
"MR. DAVIS: If someone from the black community wanted to dye their hair and look like that — it may sound trite, but I mean, coming from the black community — and, I'm not saying that I have any more knowledge than any other particular attorney about the mental attitudes of the black community — but, if someone that wants to be blonde, and has no particular natural tendencies to be blonde, I think there's something wrong with that person. That's just my personal opinion.
"I think for a black person to have blonde hair — I mean, there's nothing in the black heritage, unless they may be some mulatto, or freak of nature, something like that — would extend to the personality of that person with the blonde hair. But, that's just my personal opinion.
"THE COURT: Would you have struck a white woman if she had her hair in Jheri curls?
"MR. DAVIS: Probably. I mean, I would have put that together along with other things that she said, like I took into consideration other things that Ms. W. answered, about circumstantial evidence.
"THE COURT: Assume she answered the same way Ms. Williams answered.
"MR. DAVIS: Yes, sir, I would have."
(R. 50-56.)
The State's reasons for striking Ms. A. are race neutral, because she testified that her husband knew the appellant's codefendant and that she would need identification from more than one witness in order to render a guilty verdict. See Heardv. State,
Although the record does not specifically indicate how many blacks actually served on this jury, it appears that eight blacks served on the jury (15 black potential jurors less 4 removed by the State, and 3 removed by the defendants). A large representation of blacks on the jury may weaken and even fail to support a prima facie case of racial discrimination. Exparte Bird,
When reviewing a trial court's determination that the State's reasons for striking black venire members are not racially motivated, "we can only reverse if we find that that determination was clearly erroneous." Williams v. State,
Washington's in-court identification of the appellant was certainly sufficient to allow the jury to conclude that the appellant was the man who held the gun on Washington the night of the robbery.
The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
ORIGINAL OPINION WITHDRAWN; OPINION SUBSTITUTED; APPLICATION GRANTED.
All the Judges concur.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- J.C. Davis v. State.
- Cited By
- 2 cases
- Status
- Published