Phillips v. Phillips

Supreme Court of Alabama
Phillips v. Phillips, 104 So. 234 (Ala. 1925)
213 Ala. 27; 1925 Ala. LEXIS 188
Anderson, Bouldin, Somerville, Thomas

Phillips v. Phillips

Opinion of the Court

BOULDIN, J.

The question of merit in this cause turns upon the construction of the will.of W. H. Phillips, deceased. The testator had his domicile in the state of Tennessee. He owned property, real and personal, situated in Tennessee and in Alabama. The Alabama property, consisting of real estate in the city of Florence and corporate stock in Florence enterprises, was devised and bequeathed to his brothers and sisters, and their descendants. The Tennessee property was disposed of by a specific legacy to an adopted daughter, a specific devise to her son, and the residue of the estate, real and personal, to Mrs. T. E. Phillips, the wife of the testator. A brother, residing in Alabama, and the husband of his adopted daughter, residing in Tennessee, were named executors.

The will was duly probated at the domicile, and letters testamentary granted to the executors; and later probated in Alabama and letters testamentary here granted. After the execution of the will devising the Alabama real estate to his brothers and sisters, the testator sold á portion known as the “Pickett Place,” taking notes and mortgage for deferred payments of purchase money. Some of these notes were unpaid at the time of the testator’s death, and were in the possession of his brother Tom Phillips, in Florence, Ala., who was acting as agent of the testator in looking after the Alabama property. Tom Phillips turned over these notes and mortgage to A. L. Phillips, the executor, resident in Alabama. A. L. Phillips, individually and as executor, filed this bill to remove the administration to the equity court, construe the will, and make settlement. The bill claims these purchase-money notes passed under the devise of the Alabama ■ lands to the brothers and sis.ters of the testator. Mrs. T. E. Phillips, by answer, set up her claim to these notes as residuary legatee of the personal estate. By special plea and by answer it was further alleged that the notes involved were personal assets under the law of the domicile; that a prior suit was pending in Tennessee for the construction of the will; and that the domiciliary court, having acquired jurisdiction, was the proper forum to determine the issue. The Alabama court proceeded to a decree holding these purchase-money notes, passed to the brothers and sisters of decedent under devise of the lands.

The substantial issue here presented is: Did these purchase-money notes pass under the devise of the Alabama real estate, or as personalty under the residuary clause according to the law of the domicile? The solution seems to turn on whether the will, as it affects these notes, is to be construed under the laws of Alabama or the laws of Ten‘nessee.

Section 10588 (6163) of the Code of Alabama of 1923 reads:

“When Devise Not Revoked by Contract for Conveymiee of Property Devised. — When any testator, after making his will, makes any contract for the conveyance of any property devised in such will, and the whole or any part of the purchase money remains unpaid to such testator at his death, the disposition of the property by such contract is not a revocation of the devise, at law or in equity, unless it clearly appears by the contract, or some other instrument in writing, to be intended as a revocation; and such property passes to such devisee, subject to the same remedies for a specific performance thereof in favor of the persons entitled thereto, against the person to whom such devise was made, as might be had at law or in equity against the heirs of the testator, had the same descended to them; and the purchase money, when recovered by the executor of the testator must be paid to the devisee of such property.”

See Scarbrough v. Scarbrough, 176 Ala. 141, 57 So. 820; Slaughter v. Stephens, 81 Ala. 418, 2 So. 145; Welsh v. Pounders, 36 Ala. 668; Powell v. Powell, 30 Ala. 697.

This statute defines the legal effect of devises to lands situated in Alabama. As to unpaid purchase money, still identified as such, and in the hands of the testator at the time of his death, the devise is not revoked. In other words, the will continues in force as a devise of lands, attaching to the unpaid purchase money, as a substitute for the lands. For the purposes of the will, the statute treats the unpaid purchase money as real estate. It may be said the statute is written into every devise of lands situate in Alabama, as if to say, on the face of the will. “I devise this land or any unpaid purchase money due me thereon at my death, • to the persons named in the will.” It may be conceded that the revocation of a will is *29 to be determined by tbe law of tbe domicile. Tbis statute bas a fuller meaning than a mere negative of tbe revocation pro tanto by tbe testator’s parting with tbe title after tbe execution of his will. It fixes the construction of devises to lands, and declares what shall pass thereunder.

It is uncontroverted law that wills to lands are governed by tbe lex loci rei sitse. Tbis rule extends not only to manner of execution, but to tbe construction and legal effect of such devises.

Tbe rule is founded upon tbe inherent right of every sovereign state, for its own security and in keeping- with its dignity and independence, to regulate tbe alienation, devise, or descent of real estate within its borders. Blacksher Co. v. Northrup, 176 Ala. 190, 57 So. 743, 42 L. R. A. (N. S.) 454; Equitable Life Assurance Society v. Vogel’s Ex’x, 76 Ala. 445, 52 Am. Rep. 344; Goodman v. Winter, 64 Ala. 410, 38 Am. Rep. 13; Brock v. Frank, 51 Ala. 85; 1 Alexander on Wills, § 271; 12 C. J. 477, 478; Waterhouse v. Stanfield, 41 Eng. Ch. 234.

As to real estate situate in Alabama, a foreign will has tbe same construction and effect as a domestic will. By_Jorce of our statute, tbe unpaid purchase money here in-' volved.passed.lo. tbe .devisees of tbe real estate-.

Parol evidence of complainants’ witnesses to tbe effect that tbe testator was keeping tbe estate separate, that be intended tbe notes to pass to bis brothers and sisters, and tbe testimony of Mrs. Phillips as to declarations of his intent that she should take these notes, was alike incompetent. Tbe statute declares the unpaid purchase money shall not be taken out of tbe operation of tbe devise unless such intent is clearly expressed by an instrument in writing. Slaughter v. Stephens, 81 Ala. 418, 2 So. 145.

For purposes of administration, real assets, as here involved, are subject to the jurisdiction of tbe situs.

As a general rule, personal assets, tangible or intangible, are subject to administration in tbe state whose laws must furnish tbe remedies for their reduction to possession. 28 C. J. p. 1016, § 44.

Contract debts are subject to administration in the state where tbe debtor resides. 28 C. J. p. 1016, § 45; L. & N. R. Co. v. Herb, 125 Tenn. 408, 143 S. W. 1138.

In ease of a domiciliary and ancillary administration, real assets, no rights of foreign creditors intervening, are to be distributed in that jurisdiction under whose laws tbe succession is to be determined. Hatchett v. Berney, 65 Ala. 39; Sloan v. Frothingbam, 65 Ala. 593; Harris v. Moore, 72 Ala. 507; 24 C. J. pp. 1127, 1128, § 31.

The same rule obtains in Alabama as to personal estate where tbe will bequeaths tbe property here administered to designated beneficiaries wholly separate from those who take the property subject to tbe jurisdiction of tbe domicile. Wright v. Phillips, 56 Ala. 69; Fretwell v. McLemore, 52 Ala. 124.

It follows that tbe assets here involved were subject to the' jurisdiction of tbe Alabama court, which rightly proceeded to administer tbe res, adjudicate tbe rights of tbe parties therein, and make distribution thereof accordingly.

Tbis conclusion, on tbe merits of tbe cause, follows from the undisputed facts in tbe record.

Hence, there was no prejudicial error in refusing tbe application for rehearing to let in parol evidence offered by respondent, and proof of tbe laws of Tennessee touching tbe construction of tbe will.

Affirmed.

ANDERSON, O. J., and SOMERVILLE and THOMAS, JJ., concur.

Reference

Full Case Name
PHILLIPS v. PHILLIPS Et Al.
Cited By
18 cases
Status
Published