Equal Emp't Opportunity Comm'n v. Crain Auto. Holdings LLC
Equal Emp't Opportunity Comm'n v. Crain Auto. Holdings LLC
Opinion of the Court
Judith Vaughan began working for Crain Automotive Holdings, LLC in the fall of 2016. Vaughan suffers from anxiety, depression, and panic attacks, although no one at Crain knew this prior to the events giving rise to this lawsuit. Late in the day on Monday, January 30, 2017, Vaughan began experiencing chest pains and went to the emergency room, fearing she was having a heart attack. After two days of treatment Vaughan learned her chest pain had been the result of a panic attack. She ultimately reported back to work on Friday, but she began experiencing a panic attack and left work, after emailing her supervisor. When Vaughan returned to work the following Tuesday, she met with two supervisors, Kim Lynch and Debbie Pumphrey, and was terminated. According *754to Vaughan, she was told at this meeting that "it was not working out" due to her health problems and that she needed to take care of herself.
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission brought this action asserting that Crain violated the Americans with Disabilities Act, as amended by the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008. The complaint alleges that Crain failed to provide a reasonable accommodation for Vaughan and that it discharged her because of her disabilities. Crain has moved for summary judgment on both of the EEOC's claims. For the reasons that will be explained, the motion is denied.
A court should enter summary judgment if the evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, demonstrates that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a) ; see also Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. ,
The ADA prohibits discrimination against a " 'qualified individual with a disability' because of the disability." Scruggs v. Pulaski Cnty. , Ark.,
Unless a plaintiff has direct evidence of discrimination, an ADA discrimination claim is judged under the three-part McDonnell-Douglas burden-shifting framework. Oehmke v. Medtronic, Inc. ,
If there is direct evidence of disability discrimination, however, the McDonnell Douglas analysis does not apply. St. Martin v. City of St. Paul ,
In this case, Crain first disputes that Vaughan is disabled within the meaning of the ADA. Under the ADA, a person is disabled if he or she has "a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities."
*755
Here, it is undisputed that Vaughan has been diagnosed with anxiety, depression, and panic attacks. Taking Vaughan's version of the facts as true, her panic attacks make her feel paralyzed, cause chest pain, and cause difficulty with her breathing, thinking, communicating with others, and reasoning. Document # 30-4 at 1. Her anxiety causes her to have difficulty breathing and communicating and an inability to think coherently.
Crain points out that Vaughan has been able to perform other demanding activities, such as handle her parents' estates. Crain also notes that Vaughan does not have panic attacks constantly. Crain further argues that Vaughan has testified that she has tried to work through a panic that occurred at work. But these facts, even if true, do not mean that Vaughan is not disabled under the EEOC laws.
Crain next argues that even if Vaughan is disabled, she could not have been fired because of her disability since Crain did not know about it. In response, the EEOC has presented the following *756evidence: on Tuesday Vaughan told her supervisor Pumphrey she had experienced chest pains on Monday; on Wednesday Vaughan told Pumphrey she had anxiety, depression, and had suffered a panic attack; on Friday Vaughan emailed Pumphrey before leaving work, saying "I can't do this" because she was "still hurting too bad"; on Friday Vaughan emailed another supervisor, Lynch, explaining that she had had a heart catheterization and she included a doctor's note in the email; and on Friday Vaughan emailed Lynch that she had left early because she "was having another panic attack." Document # 30-6 at 13, 16; Document # 28-8; Document # 28-9. Taking all these facts as true, a reasonable jury could infer that, at the time Vaughan was fired the following Tuesday, Crain knew about her anxiety, depression, and panic attacks. Moreover, a jury could find that Crain had some knowledge of the extent of Vaughan's impairments, as they had caused her chest pain resulting in a heart catheterization as well as missing several days of work.
Finally, Crain argues the EEOC has no direct evidence of discrimination, and under the McDonnell-Douglas framework, the disability claim cannot survive.
Employer actions or remarks that reflect a discriminatory attitude, comments that demonstrate a discriminatory animus in the decisional process, or comments made by individuals closely involved in employment decisions may all constitute direct evidence of discrimination. See King v. United States ,
Here, Vaughan met with two supervisors on Tuesday, February 8, in order to discuss why she had left work early on Friday. Instead, she was fired. Vaughan has testified that at this meeting, a supervisor told her that "due to [her] health, it wasn't going to work out and [she] should take time for [her]self." Document # 30-6 at 8. This comment
Finally, Crain moves for summary judgment on the EEOC's claim that Crain failed to accommodate Vaughan. Under the ADA, discrimination includes "not making reasonable accommodations to the known physical or mental limitations of an otherwise qualified individual with a disability."
Crain argues that the failure to accommodate claim fails because the discriminatory firing claim fails, but that claim does not fail. Crain next argues that it had no knowledge of Vaughan's disabilities, but as explained above, a jury could find that Crain was aware of Vaughan's disabilities. Finally, Crain argues that Vaughan never requested an accommodation as a disabled individual must do in a failure to accommodate case. See Document # 27 at 12-14; Schaffhauser v. United Parcel Service, Inc. ,
"Once a qualified individual with a disability has requested provision of a reasonable accommodation, the employer must make a reasonable effort to determine the appropriate accommodation." Fjellestad v. Pizza Hut of Am., Inc. ,
Here, Vaughan says that she emailed a doctor's note to Lynch, and that the doctor's note stated that she needed three weeks off work. Vaughan has produced the email in which she stated that a letter from her doctor was attached, and in which an attached note is visible, but unclear. Document # 30-11. Lynch says she received the email but no doctor's note was attached to it. The Court must assume at this stage that Lynch received the doctor's letter. Given this fact, and given that Crain did not follow up whatsoever on what was contained in Vaughan's doctor's letter before firing her, the EEOC has generated a genuine dispute of fact on whether Vaughan requested an accommodation. See Lipp v. Cargill Meat Solutions Corp. ,
The motion for summary judgment is therefore DENIED. Document # 26.
IT IS SO ORDERED this 11th day of April, 2019.
Crain argues that the Court should not believe Vaughan's testimony about the comment because it is self-serving and because both supervisors present at the meeting have testified that the comment was not made. Whether to believe Vaughan or her supervisors is for the jury to decide.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION v. CRAIN AUTOMOTIVE HOLDINGS LLC
- Cited By
- 1 case
- Status
- Published