Goad v. Rogers
Goad v. Rogers
Opinion of the Court
J.—Defendant appeals from a judgment in favor of plaintiff based upon an action for damages for breach of an alleged oral contract of employment.
Plaintiff’s complaint alleges generally that on August 1, 1948, plaintiff and defendant entered into an oral agreement whereby plaintiff was employed as manager of defendant’s theatre at Lament, California, for a period of one year, commencing on that date, at a weekly salary of $100 per week, payable weekly, plus 15 per cent of the net proceeds to be derived from the operation of such theatre to be paid at the end of the one year’s period; that as additional compensation defendant agreed to provide plaintiff with a completely furnished house in such town, at a small monthly rental; that on August 1, 1948, plaintiff entered upon such employment and was thereafter able and willing to continue the same but on September 14, 1948, defendant wrongfully discharged plaintiff; that plaintiff’s wages were paid to September 9, 1948, and that he received nothing thereafter; that defendant
The answer admits such employment pursuant to an oral agreement, but claims it was to be at the will of the respective parties and not for any fixed or definite term. Further, it denies plaintiff was to receive any portion of the net proceeds or a house equipped with furniture. It further alleges as an affirmative defense, that plaintiff was discharged as a result of certain alleged misconduct (which the trial court found to be untrue), and that defendant gave plaintiff two weeks’ notice of termination of employment and offered to pay the plaintiff the sum of $200 during such two weeks’ period and that plaintiff was to render no services thereafter. By cross-complaint defendant sought to recover from plaintiff certain alleged advances as an offset to plaintiff’s demand.
The trial court found in accordance with the allegations of the complaint except it found that plaintiff was not to receive any portion of the net profits and that defendant was not to furnish plaintiff a completely furnished house. It found that plaintiff was willing to perform and that plaintiff was entitled to recover from defendant an amount equal to one year’s wages, less certain advancements made by defendant.
The complaint is that the court’s finding that defendant employed plaintiff for a term of one year and the finding that plaintiff was willing to perform the agreement are unsupported by the evidence.
Plaintiff’s testimony shows that plaintiff was a man of about 25 years’ experience in various phases of the motion picture industry and was then employed by Screen Guild Pictures as a “film salesman” negotiating with independent theatres for the use and rental of motion picture films. From time to time he contacted defendant in his theatre in Kern County, arranging film use and rental. Defendant had only been in the theatre business a short while and did not understand its operation. In May of 1948, defendant asked plaintiff to find a theatre manager for him. When plaintiff was unable to find such a manager, defendant then sought to employ plaintiff as manager. The matter was discussed in June of 1948, when defendant gave plaintiff an oral 90-day option to lease the theatre. On July 7, 1948, defendant contacted plaintiff at his office in Los Angeles and renewed his offer of employment, which plaintiff then accepted.
Plaintiff then testified that in view of plaintiff’s acceptance of defendant’s oral offer of employment and of the agreed terms thereof, he did on July 7, 1948, notify the various film companies that he would be taking over as manager of the Lament Theatre and that at defendant’s request plaintiff tendered his resignation to the Screen Guild Pictures, commenced work for defendant on July 18, and that during the ensuing two weeks plaintiff did not act as manager of the theatre but made a study of its operations, preparing to take over on August 1st; that he moved his family to the home mentioned, took over the management of the theatre on August 1st, and at that time the parties orally reiterated the terms of the employment agreement and placed it in immediate effect, although it had not been reduced to writing. A similar conversation is then related by the plaintiff as to the nature of that oral agreement.
It is defendant’s position on this appeal that in the preliminary negotiations there was no agreement reached as to the fact that the employment contract was to be for one year, and likewise that there was no agreement that it was to take
The evidence is sufficient to support the court’s finding that the employment agreement was for the definite period of. one year, commencing August 1, 1948. Where the evidence as to the negotiations forming the basis of the alleged oral contract is in conflict, the question is one of fact, and it is for the trial court to determine from the evidence whether a contract was proven, and all reasonable inferences are to be indulged in to support the findings. (Townsend v. Flotill Products, Inc., 82 Cal.App.2d 863, 866 [187 P.2d 466]; 2 Cal. Jur. p. 870, § 510.)
It is next contended by the defendant that the evidence conclusively shows that the employment agreement was not to become effective until reduced to writing. The evidence on this question was conflicting and the question of the intent of the parties was for the determination of the trial court. It has been held repeatedly that when the respective parties orally agree upon all of the terms and conditions of an agreement with the mutual intention that it shall thereupon become binding, the mere fact that a formal written agreement to the same effect is to be prepared and signed does not alter the binding validity of the original oral agreement. Whether it was the mutual intention of the parties that the oral agreement should become binding eo instanti is to be determined by the surrounding facts and circumstances of a particular case and is a question of fact for the trial court. (Johnston v. Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corp., 82 Cal.App. 2d 796, 821 [187 P.2d 474]; 6 Cal.Jur. p. 227, § 149.)
Defendant next complains of the finding that plaintiff was able and willing to continue his services under the agreement. This is based upon certain conflicting evidence between the plaintiff and the defendant in regard to plaintiff’s dismissal and an attempted compromise which the attorney for defendant endeavored to bring about. It appears that after plaintiff operated the theatre for several months some difficulty arose between the parties; that they met in the attorney’s office and defendant said: “I guess we can’t get along. I am going to have to call it all off.” Plaintiff testified that he said: “I am pretty disgusted with it myself. I have got
On cross-examination there was some evidence produced that in the attorney’s office plaintiff indicated he would accept $800 for his .eight weeks’ service but that defendant offered him a check for $200. It is plain from the evidence that there was no satisfaction and accord or novation, as contended by defendant, for the reason that there was no meeting of the minds and no Acceptance of the offer. (Sierra & San Francisco P. Co. v. Universal Electric & Gas Co., 197 Cal. 376 [241 P. 76]; Blumer v. Madden, 128 Cal.App. 22 [16 P.2d 319]; Whepley Oil Co. v. Associated Oil Co., 6 Cal.App.2d 94 [44 P.2d 670].) We see nothing in the evidence which indicates that plaintiff was not ready and willing to continue his services as manager for the balance of the year. The finding of the trial court in this respect is fully supported.
The last argument is -that there was no mutuality of obligation in the oral agreement between the plaintiff and the defendant (citing Shortell v. Evans Ferguson Corp., 98 Cal.App. 650 [277 P. 519].) The theory is "that plaintiff was not
The findings about which defendant complains are sufficiently supported by the evidence.
Judgment affirmed.
Barnard, P. J., and Mussell, J., concurred.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.