Donnelly v. Peterson
Donnelly v. Peterson
Opinion of the Court
Plaintiff Donnelly recovered a $25,000 judgment from the defendant Alice E. Welles.
Facts
The undisputed facts of the accident out of which this litigation arose are these: Plaintiff was westbound on Valley Boulevard; he was riding a motorcycle; the intersection had “left turn slots” in all directions; defendant, who had been
The jury was presented with three versions of the accident: plaintiff’s as corroborated by the witness Nelson; defendant’s ; and, third, that of defendant's witness, Bowman.
Plaintiff’s Version: Plaintiff was westbound in the center lane driving below the posted speed. Nelson was driving a truck to the right of and behind plaintiff. As they approached the intersection, a Falcon and defendant’s Chevrolet, in that order, were waiting to make left turns. After permitting westbound traffic somewhat ahead of plaintiff to clear the intersection, the Falcon completed its left turn. The Chevrolet then moved to the point where the Falcon had been waiting to make its left turn. At that point it “hesitated.”
Defendant’s Version: Defendant was the first car in the left turn slot.
Although defendant looked north, she never saw any pedestrians in the north crosswalk.
Bowman’s Version: Bowman, too, was on a motorcycle. He was facing south on New Avenue, waiting for the signal at Valley Boulevard to change to green. He saw plaintiff’s motorcycle approach from his left. Plaintiff continuously looked at Bowman, who then saw two cars, one behind the
On appeal defendant contends that plaintiff was eontributorily negligent as a matter of law and that it was prejudicial error to refuse certain instructions requested by her.
Contributory Negligence
From plaintiff’s and Nelson’s testimony it appears that defendant started a left turn, after hesitating, when plaintiff was about sixty feet from the center of the intersection. At a speed of 35 miles an hour—the rough equivalent of fifty-two and one-half feet per second—this gave plaintiff just over one second to take evasive measures.
Regardless of who had the right-of-way,
Defendant’s brief makes an excellent jury argument, based on certain isolated portions of plaintiff’s testimony. It is, of course, misplaced in this court.
Instructions
Defendant submitted two similar instructions based on a dictum in In re Kirk, 202 Cal.App.2d 288, 291 [20 Cal.Rptr. 787], They are virtually identical. We quote the simpler of the two: “If a left turning vehicle can proceed to complete its turning movement without constituting a hazard to other oncoming vehicles but in the act of doing so its further progress is impeded by pedestrian traffic, or for other reasons
There are several reasons why it was correct to refuse the instruction.
First: the instruction does not make sense. It starts out by assuming that the left turning vehicle can proceed to complete the turning movement, but then goes on to instruct who, as between it and an oncoming vehicle, has the right-of-way if for some reason beyond the driver’s control, the left turn cannot be completed after all. Of course, on some reflection, it becomes apparent that the author of the instruction meant to say that if the driver of the left turning vehicle reasonably believes that he can complete his turning movement, but cannot, certain consequences follow. Unfortunately that is not wha.t the instruction says.
Second: the instruction, even if properly understood, is too broad. It implies that if the defendant, having properly started her left turn, found her path unexpectedly obstructed and there was a collision with plaintiff, the latter had necessarily violated her right-of-way. The situation may be such that the obstruction is just as unexpected to the oncoming driver, who could have reasonably expected the left turning vehicle to have cleared his lane by the time he reaches it. In the ease at bar, even if the jury accepted Bowman’s evidence of the presence of the pedestrians, it was not compelled to believe that plaintiff, too, should have seen them and anticipated that defendant would not be able to complete her turn. The truth is that the expectable or unexpectable stopping of a vehicle in the path of a driver does not represent a right-of-way problem at all. Such a problem exists only when—as the jury was instructed at the request of both parties—" two persons, neither of whom then occupies the space in question, desired to proceed into the same place on the highway. . . .” (BAJI 150. Italics added.) (Giles v. Happely, 123 Cal.App.2d 894, 898 [267 P.2d 1051].)
Third; to the extent that the refused instruction focuses on defendant’s conduct, defendant got all she needed
There was no error, the judgment is affirmed.
Hufstedler, J., and Stephens, J., concurred.
Certain other defendants who were admittedly vicariously liable for Mrs. Welles’ conduct have also appealed. Since there is no issue concern
Nelson spoke of a “momentary pause.”
Her testimony varies from being quite positive on that point, to a concession that there may have been a Falcon ahead of her because “ [a]fter you go over something many, many times you can almost believe anything. ...”
Interpreting section 21801 of the Vehicle Code as it read, before its 1963 amendment, People v. Miller, 161 Cal.App.2d Supp. 842 [327 P.2d 236] held that neither the oncoming, nor the left turning car acquired a right-of-way "by succession” from cars ahead. The 1963 amendment is obviously designed to change this rule in part. It forces the driver intending to turn left to yield to approaching vehicles which may become a hazard during the turning movement and to ‘ ‘ continue to yield the right-of-way to such approaching vehicles until such time as the left turn can be made with reasonable safety. ’ ’ This accords with common practice. A fanatic belief in the Miller rule always was a sure road to disaster.
Defendant feels that she has demonstrated that the court’s alleged error is prejudicial, because at an earlier trial which produced an evenly-divided jury, the instruction was given. The point cuts both ways. It is just possible that the first jury was confused by the contradiction inherent in the instruction.
It would have been impossible for a jury to reconcile defendant’s proposed instruction with the one from which we have just quoted—another possible reason for the earlier mistrial.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- PATRICK L. DONNELLY, and v. D. L. PETERSON, as Trustee, etc., and
- Cited By
- 1 case
- Status
- Published