Cannon v. City of Novato
Cannon v. City of Novato
Dissenting Opinion
I respectfully dissent. Ward v. Levin (1984) 161 Cal.App.3d 1026, 1032 [208 Cal.Rptr. 312] is, in my view, persuasive authority that Moran v. Superior Court (1983) 35 Cal.3d 229 [197 Cal.Rptr. 546, 673 P.2d 216], cited in the majority opinion at page 221 and in footnote number 4 on page 221, should be applied retroactively to the case at bench.
Moran reaffirmed the “reasonable diligence in prosecuting [the] case” standard relative to Code of Civil Procedure section 583
Division Seven of the Second District of this court in Ward v. Levin, supra, at page 1033, astutely analyzed Moran’s decisional rule and its basis as expressed by the Supreme Court. I only add that the Supreme Court in Moran pointedly designated its “rule” relative to five-year dismissals subsequent to court-ordered arbitration to be a “second,” “independent” standard for tolling section 583 time. (See Moran, supra, at p. 240.)
When Moran’s second rule is independently applied to the essential facts of this case, it appears clear that the trial court erred in not denying respondent’s section 583, subdivision (b) motion to dismiss for the reason that the motion was premature. On February 4, 1981, 69 days remained of the statutory 5-year time period. On that date those 69 days were effectively tolled when the court ordered the cause to be arbitrated. (See majority opn., p. 221.) On June 15, 1981, when the arbitration award unfavorable to appellants’ interests was filed, the 69 days commenced to run again. But time ran only until June 19, 1981, when appellant rejected the arbitrator’s award by moving to advance the trial date, a period of four days. (See Moran, supra, at p. 235.) Thereafter, time remaining of the five-year statutory period, i.e., I would think sixty-five days, was tolled until October 5, 1981, the trial date set by the court clerk at appellants’ direction.
The reason, of course, the limitations period provided by section 583, subdivision (b) would not commence to run again until October 5, 1981, results from the retroactive application of Moran’s “second” but independent rule. Clearly, appellants’ motion for advancement of trial filed June 19, 1981, constituted a request for a “de novo trial” within the meaning of section 1141.20. Appellant’s cause had been heard in arbitration with unfavorable results; they then timely of right requested that the cause be heard anew in a trial on the facts and the law. Appellants’ request, in light of Moran, accomplished more; it activated the court’s duty to both restore appellants’ case to a preferred spot on the civil active list and to actually calendar the case for trial. (See Moran, supra, fn. 10, at p. 241.) I can reach no other result upon my reading of Moran’s decisional rule which is: “[wjhere a defendant [party] seeks a trial de novo after arbitration, the trial
I would reverse the judgment.
Appellants’ petition for review by the Supreme Court was denied July 18, 1985.
All statutory references are to the Code of Civil Procedure unless otherwise designated.
Moran’s decisional “rule II” clearly results in the tolling of 69 days, (see Moran, supra, at p. 242; accord, Ward v. Levin, supra, at p. 1033) but it is my experience that once time runs its course, it defies recapture.
Opinion of the Court
Opinion
Appellants Teresa and Michael Cannon appeal from a dismissal of their personal injury action against respondent City of Novato and other defendants who are not parties to this appeal. Appellants contend that the trial court erred in granting respondent’s motion to dismiss pursuant to Code of Civil Procedure section 583, subdivision (b),
Facts
Appellants filed their complaint on April 14, 1976, and all defendants had answered by December 20, 1976. The parties engaged in discovery activities, which on appellants’ part consisted of propounding five identical sets of interrogatories in September 1976 to the various public entity defendants. During the period between April 1976 and April 1979, defendants brought several motions challenging the sufficiency of the complaint and praying for summary judgment. From April 1979 to December 1980, a period of approximately 20 months, appellants were completely inactive. In December 1980 they filed their first at-issue memorandum and noticed a motion for December 29 to advance the case for trial on the ground that the five-year period would soon expire. The motion to advance the matter on the civil active list was granted, and a mandatory trial setting conference was set for February 4, 1981, with an order to set the trial no later than April 14, 1981, the last day of the five-year period. In January appellants noticed depositions and took two depositions in February 1981.
At the trial setting conference on February 4, 1981, the trial court ordered the parties to arbitrate pursuant to section 1141.11, which provides for judicial arbitration upon a finding that the amount in controversy does not exceed $15,000. The arbitrator’s award, denying appellants’ claim, was filed on June 15, 1981. On June 19, 1981, appellants rejected the arbitrator’s award and moved to advance the trial date. Appellants stated in the motion to advance that the trial must be set prior to October 16, 1981, in order to meet the five-year limitation contained in section 583, subdivision (b).
Discussion
Appellants contend that it was impossible and impracticable for them to bring the action to trial prior to the expiration of the five-year period mandated by section 583, subdivision (b).
Section 583, subdivision (b), at the time of dismissal provided:
Appellants filed their complaint on April 14, 1976, so the original five-year limitation date would have been April 14, 1981. However, because the parties were ordered into arbitration by the trial court, the five-year period under section 583, subdivision (b), was tolled under section 1141.17, which provides: “Submission of an action to arbitration pursuant to this chapter shall not toll the running of the time periods contained in Section 583 as to
At the time the parties were ordered into arbitration, February 4, 1981, 69 days remained until the original 5-year period would expire. The section 583, subdivision (b), period was tolled until the date the arbitration award was filed, June 15, 1981. The new section 583, subdivision (b), dismissal date was thus extended to August 23, 1981, 69 days after the filing of the arbitration award.
Counsel for appellants miscalculated the extension under section 1141.17 and informed both the court and opposing counsel that the section 583, subdivision (b), limitation period would expire on October 16, 1981. The court clerk complied with appellants’ request and assigned a court date prior to October 16.
Section 583, subdivision (b), will not be applied in cases where, due to circumstances beyond the party’s control, it was impossible, impracticable, or futile to bring the case to trial during the five-year period. (Bennett v. Bennett Cement Contractors, Inc. (1981) 125 Cal.App.3d 673, 676 [178 Cal.Rptr. 633]; see also Moran v. Superior Court (1983) 35 Cal.3d 229, 238 [197 Cal.Rptr. 546, 673 P.2d 216].
The line of cases culminating in Moran does provide a remedy to those plaintiffs who, despite their diligence, were unable to bring their cases to trial because the courts or other officials impeded progress of the suits. (Karubian v. Security Pacific Nat. Bank, supra, 152 Cal.App.3d at p. 138.) In Bennett, the trial date was delayed by continuances made on the court’s own motion due to lack of courtroom space or an available judge. (Bennett v. Bennett Cement Contractors, Inc., supra, 125 Cal.App.3d at p. 677.) The Brown suit was delayed by an arbitration administrator. (Brown v. Engstrom, supra, 89 Cal.App.3d at p. 524.) In Nail v. Osterholm (1970) 13 Cal.App.3d 682, 686 [91 Cal.Rptr. 908], trial was delayed when the court failed to reassign the case to a new judge. The Moran case was delayed after the court clerk mistakenly sent the file to storage. (Moran v. Superior Court, supra, 35 Cal.3d at p. 236.) When official duty has not been performed and it is thereby impossible to bring the case to trial within the section 583, subdivision (b), deadline, the time between the date the arbitration award is filed with the court and the date set for the new trial is to be excluded from calculation of the five-year period. (Id., at p. 242.)
Appellants have failed to show that they relied on the performance of official duty to obtain a timely trial date. Counsel for appellants asked the court for a date prior to October 16 and were promptly provided with a trial date within that time. A party’s inadvertence in selecting a trial date does not constitute impossibility or impracticability under section 583, subdivision (b), because it is the party’s duty to keep track of such crucial dates. (State of California v. Superior Court (1979) 98 Cal.App.3d 643, 649-650 [159 Cal.Rptr. 650].) “The burden is upon the plaintiff to call to the attention of the court the necessity for setting the trial for a time within the period fixed by [section 583]. [Citation.]” (Steinbauer v. Bondesen (1932) 125 Cal.App. 419, 426 [14 P.2d 106].) If the plaintiff could have acted to bring the case to trial on time and failed to do so, relief will not be given even if the plaintiff claims to have relied on the performance of an official duty. (Karubian v. Security Pacific Nat. Bank, supra, 152 Cal.App.3d at p. 140.) The court had no duty to check appellants’ calculations for error before assigning the requested trial date. Therefore, because the delay in going to trial was caused by appellants’ own miscalculation rather than circumstances beyond their control, the remedial provisions of the Moran line of cases are inapplicable here.
The judgment is affirmed.
Anderson, J.,
Unless otherwise noted all statutory references are to the Code of Civil Procedure.
Section 583 was repealed and replaced by new legislation effective as of January 1, 1985. (Stats. 1984, ch. 1705, §§ 4, 5.) The new dismissal statute continues the requirement that an action must be brought to trial within five years after its commencement against the defendant. (§ 583.310.) Section 583.340 provides: “In computing the time within which an action must be brought to trial pursuant to this article, there shall be excluded the time during which any of the following conditions existed: [í¡] (a) The jurisdiction of the court to try the action was suspended. [H] (b) Prosecution or trial of the action was stayed or enjoined. [U] (c) Bringing the action to trial, for any other reason, was impossible, impracticable, or fhtile.” If the five-year period is tolled or extended “. . . with the result that at the end of the period of tolling or extension less than six months remains within which the action must be brought to trial, ...” the parties are allowed six months after the tolling or extension to bring the action to trial. (§ 583.350.) The requirements of the article are mandatory and can only be excused or extended as provided by statute. (§ 583.360.) This new legislation does not apply to the instant action because the dismissal order here was entered before January 1, 1985. (§ 583.160.)
Section 1141.17 has since been amended by Statutes 1983, chapter 123, section 3 and Statutes 1984, chapter 1705, section 6.
Moran was issued after this appeal was filed, and the opinion does not include a provision for retroactive application. One court has found that retroactive application of Moran is not unfair, since the holding therein is a natural extension of existing case law. (Ward v. Levin (1984) 161 Cal.App.3d 1026 [208 Cal.Rptr. 312].) We cite Moran to supplement the line of cases in effect at the time this appeal was filed although, as discussed below, the remedial time computation method of Moran is not applicable to these facts.
Assigned by the Chairperson of the Judicial Council.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- TERESA CANNON, a Minor, Etc., Et Al., Plaintiffs and Appellants, v. CITY OF NOVATO, Defendant and Respondent
- Cited By
- 17 cases
- Status
- Published