Champion/L.B.S. Associates Development Co. v. E-Z Serve Petroleum Marketing, Inc.
Champion/L.B.S. Associates Development Co. v. E-Z Serve Petroleum Marketing, Inc.
Opinion of the Court
Opinion
In Greene v. Amante (1992) 3 Cal.App.4th 684 [4 Cal.Rptr.2d 571], this court held that orders imposing discovery sanctions over $750 are appealable. In the present appeal, we must decide whether sanctions of less than that amount arising out of one discovery motion may be “aggregated” with sanctions arising out of another motion and decided at the same hearing. For appealability purposes, we believe we must look to the offending lawyer’s course of conduct, not the number of motions involved or the fortuity that they were consolidated for hearing. Here, the course of conduct giving rise to the sanctions award of less than $750 is separate and distinct from the conduct at issue in the other motion. We therefore dismiss that portion of the appeal involving the award of less than $750 as nonappealable
Facts
Plaintiff Champion/L.B.S. Associates Development Company (Champion) sued defendant E-Z Serve Petroleum Marketing, Inc. (E-Z Serve) and two other oil companies in 1990 for contamination of Champion’s property; the contamination allegedly emanated from leaks in underground gasoline storage tanks. On July 11, 1990, Champion served a set of interrogatories and a request for production of documents on E-Z Serve.
Meanwhile, shortly before it filed its motion to compel (i.e., on Feb. 24, 1992), Champion propounded a set of requests for admissions to E-Z Serve. Responses were not served by the due date, March 30. On April 2, Champion filed a motion seeking an order that the facts which were the subject of the requests for admissions be deemed admitted, together with a request for sanctions. E-Z Serve filed a belated response to the requests for admissions on April 8. E-Z Serve’s counsel (Cain) mentioned the belated responses in his opposition to Champion’s motion, and requested sanctions of his own for having to respond. In his declaration supporting his opposition, Cain also
Both motions were heard on April 21. Champion’s attorney was present in court; according to the minute orders, Gene Cain appeared for E-Z Serve “by telephone.” Both parties agree that the trial court did not entertain oral argument. The court granted the motion to compel discovery, and awarded sanctions of $1,500 against E-Z Serve and Cain on that motion. In a separate minute order, the court also granted the motion to deem facts admitted, and awarded sanctions of $315 solely against Cain. E-Z Serve appeals from these minute orders.
Discussion
I
Under Greene v. Amante, supra, 3 Cal.App.4th 684, the order awarding sanctions of $1,500 in connection with the motion to compel discovery is appealable.
Having said this, we recognize that there may be situations where “aggregating” separate sanction awards in order to reach the $750 minimum may be appropriate. Let us assume that a defendant simultaneously propounds a set of interrogatories, a set of requests for admission, and a request for production of documents to a plaintiff, and defendant believes plaintiff’s responses are inadequate. Defendant files a motion (or perhaps two or three motions) to compel further discovery. Plaintiff then opposes the motion (or
II, III
Disposition
The purported appeal from the order imposing sanctions of $315 is dismissed. For reasons stated in the unpublished portion of this opinion, the sanctions order for $1,500 is affirmed.
Wallin, J., concurred.
All statutory references are to the Code of Civil Procedure unless otherwise specified.
The proofs of service for the set of interrogatories and the request for production of documents are not contained in either the appellant’s or the respondent’s appendix in lieu of clerk’s transcript. However, we have located these documents in the appendix Champion filed in opposition to a petition for writ of mandate filed by E-Z Serve in July 1992 on issues arising out of one of the motions involved in this appeal (E-Z Serve Petroleum. Marketing, Inc. v. Superior Court (Aug. 13, 1992, G012834), [nonpub. opn.] petn. den.). Champion has requested we take judicial notice of this appendix, and we grant that request, primarily because the appendix contains many documents which should have been included in the record on appeal. Champion complains that E-Z Serve’s record in this appeal is inadequate; while that may be true, Champion’s own request for judicial notice solves the problem.
According to E-Z Serve’s attorney, Gene Cain, he mailed responses on September 1, 1990; however, he admitted he did not have a signed proof of service in his file.
Champion also sought to compel attendance at a deposition it had noticed, but that portion of its motion was denied.
On July 13, E-Z Serve petitioned this court for a writ of mandate seeking relief from the trial court’s order deeming facts admitted. (See fn. 2, ante.) After requesting an informal response, we denied the petition.
Between appellant and respondent, the parties have cited every recently published decision concerning the appealability of discovery sanction orders except this court’s decision in Greene.
See footnote, ante, page 56.
Concurring in Part
Dismissal of that portion of the appeal purporting to challenge the $315 sanctions award is, of course, correct. (Greene v. Amante (1992) 3 Cal.App.4th 684, 690-692 [4 Cal.Rptr.2d 571] (dis. opn. of Crosby, J.).) I vehemently disagree, however, with the majority’s dictum concerning aggregation of a series of minuscule discovery sanctions awards to reach what they characterize as a “$750 ‘bright line.’ ” (Maj. opn., ante, at p. 59.)
For the reasons expressed in my dissenting opinion in Greene, I also disagree with the decision to resolve the $1,500 discovery sanctions issue on the merits. (Greene v. Amante, supra, 3 Cal.App.4th 684, 690-692 (dis. opn. of Crosby, J.).) There is no presently appealable judgment; and it is just plain silly to shelve serious business in order to entertain a chorus of whining lawyers complaining of such awards, most of which would be small potatoes in small claims court.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- CHAMPION/L.B.S. ASSOCIATES DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. E-Z SERVE PETROLEUM MARKETING, INC., Defendant and Appellant
- Cited By
- 6 cases
- Status
- Published