Modacure v. B&B Vehicle Processing, Inc.
Modacure v. B&B Vehicle Processing, Inc.
Opinion of the Court
*691Plaintiff and appellant Joanna Modacure (plaintiff) appeals from the trial court's dismissal of her Second Amended Complaint *692(SAC) after the court sustained the defendants' demurrer without leave to amend. We reverse as to one of the two causes of action in the SAC.
On review of a demurrer sustained without leave to amend, we accept the factual allegations of the complaint as true and review the pleading de novo to *763determine whether the facts as pleaded state a cause of action. ( Aubry v. Tri-City Hospital Dist. (1992)
The SAC, filed March 2017, alleges that defendant City of Oakland (City) contracted with defendant B&B Vehicle Processing (B&B) to tow vehicles with more than five parking citations.
The SAC asserts two causes of action. The first, for conspiracy (
As to the second cause of action, for denial of due process and equal protection, the SAC alleges defendants prevented plaintiff from recovering her Mercedes by failing to pay off the unpaid parking tickets on the "black *693chev" in 2010, in violation of section 22851.1. The SAC also alleges plaintiff was not notified "about unpaid parking tickets not paid off in 2010."
All four defendants demurred to the SAC, and the trial court sustained the demurrer without leave to amend. The court dismissed the case against defendants and the present appeal followed.
On appeal, plaintiff contends the trial court erred in granting the demurrer as to the conspiracy claim because defendants "agreed to a plan that would allow City agent [B&B] and Paylock to boot and seize vehicles, and keep surplus proceeds from sale." The SAC alleges the meetings took place in 2013-2015, but the SAC alleges the "black chev" was sold in 2010, before the alleged formation of the conspiracy .
Plaintiff's second cause of action, for denial of due process and equal protection, is a claim under 42 U.S.C. section 1983. That statute was enacted "to deter state actors from using the badge of their authority to deprive individuals of their federally guaranteed rights and to provide relief to victims if such deterrence fails." ( Wyatt v. Cole (1992)
At the outset, we reject the trial court's conclusion that plaintiff failed to allege a violation of section 22851.1, which relates to the disposition of proceeds from the sale of impounded vehicles. Subdivision (b) of section 22851.1 provides that "[a] local authority impounding a vehicle" for unpaid parking tickets "shall have a lien dependent upon possession by the keeper of the garage for satisfaction of bail for all outstanding notices of parking violation issued by the local authority for the vehicle .... This lien shall be subordinate in priority to the lien established by Section 22851, and the *694proceeds of any sale shall be applied accordingly ." (Emphasis added.) Section 22851 provides the keeper of a garage a lien for towing and storage. Thus, the plain language of section 22851.1, subdivision (b), requires that proceeds from a sale of an impounded vehicle be used to pay unpaid parking tickets if funds remain after paying for towing and storage. In its brief on appeal, the City makes no attempt to address the plain language of section 22851.1, subdivision (b), providing the remaining "proceeds of any sale shall be applied" to satisfy "outstanding notices of parking violation."
We also reject the trial court's conclusion that a claim under 42 U.S.C. section 1983 cannot be based on a violation of section 22851.1, subdivision (b). The SAC alleges, "plaintiff was denied Due Process and Equal Protection of the law because of City failure to enforce section 22851.1." A claim under 42 U.S.C. section 1983 may be based on a showing that the defendant, acting under color of state law, deprived the plaintiff of a federally protected right. (
*765The trial court's opinion states no other ground for sustaining the demurrer to the second cause of action in the SAC, and the City's brief on appeal and the demurrer below suggest no alternate basis to affirm. We offer no opinion on whether plaintiff's claim suffers from other legal defects, but the trial court erred in sustaining the demurrer to plaintiff's second cause of action on the grounds stated. (See Mendoza v. Town of Ross (2005)
*695DISPOSITION
The trial court's order dismissing plaintiff's claims against the defendants is reversed and the trial court's May 30, 2017 order sustaining defendants' demurrer is vacated. The trial court is directed to enter a new order sustaining the demurrer as to the first cause of action in plaintiff's Second Amended Complaint and denying the demurrer as to the second cause of action. Costs on appeal are awarded to plaintiff.
We concur.
NEEDHAM, J.
BRUINIERS, J.
According to the SAC, the other defendants are "Oakland Parking Citation Assistance Center," which "works under [City and] keeps track by computer of every auto seized by City," and Paylock, a New Jersey company also involved in the towing of vehicles. Only the City filed a brief on appeal. B&B and Paylock joined in the City's brief; there is no indication the Parking Citation Assistance Center is independent of the City.
All undesignated statutory references are to the Vehicle Code.
Plaintiff's opening brief refers to meetings from 2011-2015, but the SAC does not allege meetings earlier than 2013.
Plaintiff also argues that "due process require[s] notice to [a] vehicle owner informing him/her [of the] disposition of [a] vehicle after sale as to whether surplus proceeds were available to pay off liens." Because we reverse on the basis of the alleged violation of section 22851.1, we need not address whether appellant also could state a claim based on lack of notice.
For the first time at oral argument, the City argued plaintiff failed to state a claim because the SAC does not allege satisfaction of the conditions in section 22851.1, subdivision (c), which are necessary for the City to have a valid lien for a parking violation. The City cannot rely on that ground on appeal because it was not asserted in the demurrer. (Mendoza v. Town of Ross , supra , 128 Cal.App.4th at p. 631,
Retired Associate Justice of the Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, assigned by the Chief Justice pursuant to article VI, section 6 of the California Constitution.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.