Dogan v. Comanche Hills Apartments, Inc.
Dogan v. Comanche Hills Apartments, Inc.
Opinion of the Court
*703*567In this personal injury/premises liability action, self-represented plaintiff Elena Dogan appeals after the trial court granted a motion for nonsuit brought by her landlord, defendant Comanche Hills Apartments, Inc., and related individuals and entities at the close of her case. At an earlier stage of the litigation, Dogan's request for a fee waiver had been granted by the San Diego Superior Court on grounds of indigency. But based on then-existing court policy, Dogan's subsequent request for a waiver of court reporter fees had been denied. As a result, there was no court reporter at trial and no reporter's transcript on appeal. Dogan seeks to challenge the trial *568court's decision to grant a nonsuit in defendants' favor. Their principal argument in response asserts that Dogan cannot establish error due to the absence of a reporter's transcript.
After initial briefing in this case was complete, the California Supreme Court issued its decision in Jameson v. Desta (2018)
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Given the procedural posture of the case, an abbreviated summary of the facts will suffice. In 2015, Dogan was a resident of the Comanche Hills Apartments, owned by defendants Warren Beecroft and Beecroft Properties LLC. Defendants Janet Horn and Lisa Pryor were the regional director and regional manager, respectively, of Comanche Hills Apartments, Inc. and Beecroft Properties LLC. Dogan alleged she was injured when some concrete stairs at the apartment complex broke under her foot, causing her to fall. She claimed defendants were responsible for her injuries based on their control of the premises. Shortly after the filing of her initial complaint, the superior court granted Dogan a fee waiver.
The case ultimately went to trial on a negligence theory. Several months before trial, Dogan filed a request to waive additional court fees and specifically asked for a waiver of court reporter fees. The request was denied with the stamped notation, "The Court does not provide Court Reporter Services."
The court's minutes reflect that the jury trial began on Thursday, December 8, 2016. The presentation of evidence continued on Monday, December 12 and Tuesday, December 13. When Dogan finished her case on Tuesday morning, defendants moved for nonsuit (mistakenly referred to as "directed verdict"), which the court granted. (See Code Civ. Proc., § 581c, subd. (a).) It concluded that Dogan "presented no evidence that the landlord knew or had any reason to know of any problem with the cement steps." The court added *569that "[o]n several occasions in her testimony [Dogan] described the problem with the step riser as 'invisible' prior to her fall." *704Following the entry of judgment, Dogan filed a notice of appeal. Her opening brief attempted to offer a recitation of the facts presented at trial, much of which (not surprisingly) is unsupported by any citations to the record. Defendants' first argument, predictably, was titled, "None of Plaintiff's Challenges To The Directed Verdict Can Be Reviewed In The Absence Of A Reporter's Transcript." Dogan responded to this argument on the first page of her reply brief: "The Pro-Per Appellant is a disabled, indigent person ... who was approved for the court fee waiver at the beginning of this litigation. She applied for a fee waiver covering the 'court reporting' of the jury trial, but the Court denied her request. Due to her extremely disadvantaged financial status, known to the Court and respondents, Appellant was forced to proceed with 'clerk's transcript' on Appeal."
DISCUSSION
In Jameson , the Supreme Court recently considered the validity of the San Diego Superior Court's "general policy of not providing official court reporters in most civil trials while permitting privately retained court reporters for parties who can afford to pay for such reporters" as applied to in forma pauperis litigants who qualified for a general fee waiver. ( 5 Cal.5th at p. 599,
The Supreme Court in Jameson surveyed the significant common law history in California allowing qualified litigants to appear in forma pauperis, and it reviewed the public policy of the state as expressed in various statutory enactments. ( 5 Cal.5th at pp. 603-608,
Defendants attempt to suggest that despite the absence of a court reporter, the error in failing to provide one is harmless and reversal is not required because the record affirmatively demonstrates Dogan could not meet her burden of proof. (See generally Jameson , supra , 5 Cal.5th at pp. 623-625,
On this record we cannot conclude that the absence of a reporter's transcript was harmless. The trial court's statement of reasons in its minute order is not a verbatim transcript of the testimony. It is, at best, the court's recollection-or perhaps a characterization-of one part of the testimony. Significantly, Dogan's recollection is different. If the record here included a reporter's transcript, we would review the court's reasoning in light of the actual testimony to determine, under the appropriate standard of review, whether the nonsuit was properly granted. In light of Jameson , we cannot fairly conduct our review without a reporter's transcript.
DISPOSITION
Because the trial court erred in failing to make an official court reporter available for trial on Dogan's request, and to waive the fee for that *571reporter, the judgment is reversed. The matter remanded for a new trial at which an official court reporter shall be provided at no charge. Dogan is entitled to recover costs on appeal.
WE CONCUR:
HALLER, Acting P.J.
GUERRERO, J.
All statutory references are to the Government Code.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.