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8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 JILDARDO VILLALOBOS, Case No. 8:20-cv-02169-FLA-JDEx 12 Plaintiff, 13

14 v. STIPULATED PROTECTIVE ORDER 15 EXPERIAN INFORMATION 16 SOLUTIONS, INC., TRANSUNION, LLC, SANTANDER CONSUMER 17 USA, INC., AND NUVISION 18 FEDERAL CREDIT UNION,

19 Defendants. 20 Based on the parties’ Stipulation (Dkt. 40), the Court finds and orders as follows. 21 1. PURPOSES AND LIMITATIONS 22 Discovery in this action is likely to involve production of confidential, 23 proprietary or private information for which special protection from public disclosure 24 and from use for any purpose other than pursuing this litigation may be warranted. 25 Accordingly, the parties hereby stipulate to and petition the Court to enter the following 26 Stipulated Protective Order. The parties acknowledge that this Order does not confer 27 1 it affords from public disclosure and use extends only to the limited information or 2 items that are entitled to confidential treatment under the applicable legal principles. 3 2. GOOD CAUSE STATEMENT 4 Plaintiff Jildardo Villalobos has filed this lawsuit (the “Litigation”) against 5 Defendant TransUnion, LLC (“Trans Union”), alleging that Trans Union is liable to 6 Plaintiff for damages resulting from alleged violations of the Fair Credit Reporting 7 Act,

et seq. In connection with the Litigation, Trans Union has sought 8 discovery and testimony from non-parties, including co-defendants that have been 9 terminated from the lawsuit, regarding sensitive and confidential information about 10 Plaintiff. 11 Furthermore, the documents to be produced by Trans Union contain critical 12 information regarding their computer systems involved in credit reporting and account 13 management. Trans Union’s credit-reporting and furnishing businesses rely on the 14 use of their computer hardware and software. Trans Union have worked hard and 15 incurred great cost to update its computer hardware and software to create the best 16 possible credit-reporting systems. 17 In order to operate national credit reporting services, Trans Union had to design 18 unique computer systems to process information received from tens of thousands of 19 diverse lenders and other entities involved in the credit industry, from the public record 20 and from other sources. Likewise, creditors use proprietary computer systems to 21 manage accounts, including furnishing of information. Extremely sophisticated and 22 unique computer software designs were necessary to allow Trans Union to process 23 that information in the form of credit reports as accurately as possible when a 24 consumer applies for credit. Trans Union has spent hundreds of millions of dollars 25 and countless hours of employee time developing their unique and sophisticated 26 computer systems. 27 The sophistication of Trans Union’s separate computer systems is a major 1 computer system to get into the hands of competitors, it would enable the competitors 2 to enhance their own systems and, in so doing, remove the marketing edge currently 3 enjoyed by each of them. Similarly, were information about the design and workings 4 of those systems, including internal policies and procedures, to get into the hands of a 5 would-be competitor, it would greatly facilitate that would-be competitor's efforts to 6 develop its own sophisticated computer system. Each of these would have a serious 7 financial impact on Trans Union. 8 Were this same type of information to get into criminal hands, it would facilitate 9 the efforts of those who seek to improperly access Trans Union’s files on consumers 10 and perpetrate identity fraud. It would also facilitate the efforts of those who seek to 11 make changes to information in consumers’ files. In addition to impairing the privacy 12 of consumers, such actions could lead to a loss of confidence in Trans Union. This 13 loss of confidence, critical in the credit reporting business, could put Trans Union out 14 of business. 15 Finally, Plaintiff and Trans Union will be disclosing Plaintiff’s sensitive 16 personal information, and confidential information of other individuals may also be 17 disclosed. It is extremely important that this information remain protected and not be 18 readily available due to the dangers of identity theft. 19 3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF UNDER SEAL FILING PROCEDURE 20 The parties further acknowledge, as set forth in Section 14.3, below, that this 21 Stipulated Protective Order does not entitle them to file confidential information 22 under seal; Local Civil Rule 79-5 sets forth the procedures that must be followed 23 and the standards that will be applied when a party seeks permission from the court 24 to file material under seal. There is a strong presumption that the public has a right 25 of access to judicial proceedings and records in civil cases. In connection with non- 26 dispositive motions, good cause must be shown to support a filing under seal. See 27 Kamakana v. City and County of Honolulu,

(9th Cir. 2006), 1 Welbon v. Sony Electrics, Inc.,

(E.D. Wis. 1999) (even 2 stipulated protective orders require good cause showing), and a specific showing of 3 good cause or compelling reasons with proper evidentiary support and legal 4 justification, must be made with respect to Protected Material that a party seeks to 5 file under seal. The parties’ mere designation of Disclosure or Discovery Material 6 as CONFIDENTIAL does not— without the submission of competent evidence by 7 declaration, establishing that the material sought to be filed under seal qualifies as 8 confidential, privileged, or otherwise protectable—constitute good cause. 9 Further, if a party requests sealing related to a dispositive motion or trial, then 10 compelling reasons, not only good cause, for the sealing must be shown, and the relief 11 sought shall be narrowly tailored to serve the specific interest to be protected. See 12 Pintos v. Pacific Creditors Ass’n.,

(9th Cir. 2010). For each item 13 or type of information, document, or thing sought to be filed or introduced under seal, 14 the party seeking protection must articulate compelling reasons, supported by specific 15 facts and legal justification, for the requested sealing order. Again, competent evidence 16 supporting the application to file documents under seal must be provided by declaration. 17 Any document that is not confidential, privileged, or otherwise protectable in its 18 entirety will not be filed under seal if the confidential portions can be redacted. If 19 documents can be redacted, then a redacted version for public viewing, omitting only 20 the confidential, privileged, or otherwise protectable portions of the document, shall be 21 filed. Any application that seeks to file documents under seal in their entirety should 22 include an explanation of why redaction is not feasible. 23 4. DEFINITIONS 24 4.1 Action: Jildardo Villalobos v. Experian Information Solutions, Inc., et al., 25 Civil Action No. 8:20-cv-02169-CJC-JDE 26 4.2 Challenging Party: a Party or Non-Party that challenges the designation 27 of information or items under this Order. 1 4.3 “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items: information (regardless of 2 how it is generated, stored or maintained) or tangible things that qualify 3 for protection under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(c), and as 4 specified above in the Good Cause Statement. 5 4.4 Counsel: Outside Counsel of Record and House Counsel (as well as their 6 support staff). 7 4.5 Designating Party: a Party or Non-Party that designates information or 8 items that it produces in disclosures or in responses to discovery as 9 “CONFIDENTIAL.” 10 4.6 Disclosure or Discovery Material: all items or information, regardless of 11 the medium or manner in which it is generated, stored, or maintained 12 (including, among other things, testimony, transcripts, and tangible 13 things), that are produced or generated in disclosures or responses to 14 discovery. 15 4.7 Expert: a person with specialized knowledge or experience in a matter 16 pertinent to the litigation who has been retained by a Party or its counsel 17 to serve as an expert witness or as a consultant in this Action. 18 4.8 House Counsel: attorneys who are employees of a party to this Action. 19 House Counsel does not include Outside Counsel of Record or any other 20 outside counsel. 21 4.9 Non-Party: any natural person, partnership, corporation, association or 22 other legal entity not named as a Party to this action. 23 4.10 Outside Counsel of Record: attorneys who are not employees of a party 24 to this Action but are retained to represent a party to this Action and have 25 appeared in this Action on behalf of that party or are affiliated with a law 26 firm that has appeared on behalf of that party, and includes support staff. 27 1 4.11 Party: any party to this Action, including all of its officers, directors, 2 employees, consultants, retained experts, and Outside Counsel of Record 3 (and their support staffs). 4 4.12 Producing Party: a Party or Non-Party that produces Disclosure or 5 Discovery Material in this Action. 6 4.13 Professional Vendors: persons or entities that provide litigation support 7 services (e.g., photocopying, videotaping, translating, preparing exhibits 8 or demonstrations, and organizing, storing, or retrieving data in any form 9 or medium) and their employees and subcontractors. 10 4.14 Protected Material: any Disclosure or Discovery Material that is 11 designated as “CONFIDENTIAL.” 12 4.15 Receiving Party: a Party that receives Disclosure or Discovery Material 13 from a Producing Party. 14 5. SCOPE 15 The protections conferred by this Stipulation and Order cover not only Protected 16 Material (as defined above), but also (1) any information copied or extracted from 17 Protected Material; (2) all copies, excerpts, summaries, or compilations of Protected 18 Material; and (3) any testimony, conversations, or presentations by Parties or their 19 Counsel that might reveal Protected Material. 20 Any use of Protected Material at trial shall be governed by the orders of the trial 21 judge and other applicable authorities. This Order does not govern the use of Protected 22 Material at trial. 23 6. DURATION 24 Once a case proceeds to trial, information that was designated as 25 CONFIDENTIAL or maintained pursuant to this protective order used or introduced 26 as an exhibit at trial becomes public and will be presumptively available to all members 27 of the public, including the press, unless compelling reasons supported by specific 1 See Kamakana,

(distinguishing “good cause” showing for sealing 2 documents produced in discovery from “compelling reasons” standard when merits- 3 related documents are part of court record). Accordingly, the terms of this protective 4 order do not extend beyond the commencement of the trial. 5 7. DESIGNATING PROTECTED MATERIAL 6 7.1 Exercise of Restraint and Care in Designating Material for Protection. 7 Each Party or Non-Party that designates information or items for protection under this 8 Order must take care to limit any such designation to specific material that qualifies 9 under the appropriate standards. The Designating Party must designate for protection 10 only those parts of material, documents, items or oral or written communications that 11 qualify so that other portions of the material, documents, items or communications for 12 which protection is not warranted are not swept unjustifiably within the ambit of this 13 Order. 14 Mass, indiscriminate or routinized designations are prohibited. Designations 15 that are shown to be clearly unjustified or that have been made for an improper purpose 16 (e.g., to unnecessarily encumber the case development process or to impose 17 unnecessary expenses and burdens on other parties) may expose the Designating Party 18 to sanctions. 19 If it comes to a Designating Party’s attention that information or items that it 20 designated for protection do not qualify for protection, that Designating Party must 21 promptly notify all other Parties that it is withdrawing the inapplicable designation. 22 7.2 Manner and Timing of Designations. Except as otherwise provided in this 23 Order, or as otherwise stipulated or ordered, Disclosure of Discovery Material that 24 qualifies for protection under this Order must be clearly so designated before the 25 material is disclosed or produced. 26 Designation in conformity with this Order requires: 27 (a) for information in documentary form (e.g., paper or electronic 1 trial proceedings), that the Producing Party affix at a minimum, the 2 legend “CONFIDENTIAL” (hereinafter “CONFIDENTIAL legend”), 3 to each page that contains protected material. If only a portion of the 4 material on a page qualifies for protection, the Producing Party also must 5 clearly identify the protected portion(s) (e.g., by making appropriate 6 markings in the margins). 7 A Party or Non-Party that makes original documents available for 8 inspection need not designate them for protection until after the 9 inspecting Party has indicated which documents it would like copied and 10 produced. 11 During the inspection and before the designation, all of the material 12 made available for inspection shall be deemed “CONFIDENTIAL.” 13 After the inspecting Party has identified the documents it wants copied 14 and produced, the Producing Party must determine which documents, or 15 portions thereof, qualify for protection under this Order. Then, before 16 producing the specified documents, the Producing Party must affix the 17 “CONFIDENTIAL legend” to each page that contains Protected 18 Material. If only a portion of the material on a page qualifies for 19 protection, the Producing Party also must clearly identify the protected 20 portion(s) (e.g., by making appropriate markings in the margins). 21 (b) for testimony given in depositions that the Designating Party identifies 22 the Disclosure or Discovery Material on the record, before the close of 23 the deposition all protected testimony. 24 (c) for information produced in some form other than documentary and for 25 any other tangible items, that the Producing Party affix in a prominent 26 place on the exterior of the container or containers in which the 27 information is stored the legend “CONFIDENTIAL.” If only a portion 1 or portions of the information warrants protection, the Producing Party, 2 to the extent practicable, shall identify the protected portion(s). 3 7.3 Inadvertent Failures to Designate. If timely corrected, an inadvertent 4 failure to designate qualified information or items does not, standing alone, waive the 5 Designating Party’s right to secure protection under this Order for such material. Upon 6 timely correction of a designation, the Receiving Party must make reasonable efforts 7 to assure that the material is treated in accordance with the provisions of this Order. 8 8. CHALLENGING CONFIDENTIALITY DESIGNATIONS 9 8.1 Timing of Challenges. Any Party or Non-Party may challenge a 10 designation of confidentiality at any time that is consistent with the 11 Court’s Scheduling Order. 12 8.2 Meet and Confer. The Challenging Party shall initiate the dispute 13 resolution process under Local Rule 37-1 et seq. 14 8.3 Joint Stipulation. Any challenge submitted to the Court shall be via a joint 15 stipulation pursuant to Local Rule 37-2. 16 8.4 The burden of persuasion in any such challenge proceeding shall be on 17 the Designating Party. Frivolous challenges, and those made for an 18 improper purpose (e.g., to harass or impose unnecessary expenses and 19 burdens on other parties) may expose the Challenging Party to sanctions. 20 Unless the Designating Party has waived or withdrawn the confidentiality 21 designation, all parties shall continue to afford the material in question the 22 level of protection to which it is entitled under the Producing Party’s 23 designation until the Court rules on the challenge. 24 9. ACCESS TO AND USE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL 25 9.1 Basic Principles. A Receiving Party may use Protected Material that is 26 disclosed or produced by another Party or by a Non-Party in connection 27 with this Action only for prosecuting, defending, or attempting to settle 1 categories of persons and under the conditions described in this Order. 2 When the Action has been terminated, a Receiving Party must comply 3 with the provisions of section 15 below (FINAL DISPOSITION). 4 Protected Material must be stored and maintained by a Receiving 5 Party at a location and in a secure manner that ensures that access is 6 limited to the persons authorized under this Order. 7 9.2 Disclosure of “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items. Unless 8 otherwise ordered by the court or permitted in writing by the Designating 9 Party, a Receiving Party may disclose any information or item designated 10 “CONFIDENTIAL” only to: 11 (a) the Receiving Party’s Outside Counsel of Record in this Action, as 12 well as employees of said Outside Counsel of Record to whom it is 13 reasonably necessary to disclose the information for this Action; 14 (b) the officers, directors, and employees (including House Counsel) of 15 the Receiving Party to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for 16 this Action; 17 (c) Experts (as defined in this Order) of the Receiving Party to whom 18 disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action and who have 19 signed the “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit 20 A); 21 (d) the court and its personnel; 22 (e) court reporters and their staff; 23 (f) professional jury or trial consultants, mock jurors, and Professional 24 Vendors to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this Action 25 and who have signed the “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be 26 Bound” (Exhibit A); 27 1 (g) the author or recipient of a document containing the information or a 2 custodian or other person who otherwise possessed or knew the 3 information; 4 (h) during their depositions, witnesses, and attorneys for witnesses, in 5 the Action to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary provided: (1) 6 the deposing party requests that the witness sign the form attached as 7 Exhibit A hereto; and (2) they will not be permitted to keep any 8 confidential information unless they sign the “Acknowledgment and 9 Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A), unless otherwise agreed by the 10 Designating Party or ordered by the court. Pages of transcribed 11 deposition testimony or exhibits to depositions that reveal Protected 12 Material may be separately bound by the court reporter and may not 13 be disclosed to anyone except as permitted under this Stipulated 14 Protective Order; and 15 (i) any mediators or settlement officers and their supporting personnel, 16 mutually agreed upon by any of the parties engaged in settlement 17 discussions. 18 10. PROTECTED MATERIAL SUBPOENAED OR ORDERED 19 PRODUCED IN OTHER LITIGATION 20 If a Party is served with a subpoena or a court order issued in other litigation that 21 compels disclosure of any information or items designated in this Action as 22 “CONFIDENTIAL,” that Party must: 23 (a) promptly notify in writing the Designating Party. Such notification shall 24 include a copy of the subpoena or court order; 25 (b) promptly notify in writing the party who caused the subpoena or order to 26 issue in the other litigation that some or all of the material covered by the 27 subpoena or order is subject to this Protective Order. Such notification 1 (c) cooperate with respect to all reasonable procedures sought to be pursued 2 by the Designating Party whose Protected Material may be affected. If he 3 Designating Party timely seeks a protective order, the Party served with 4 the subpoena or court order shall not produce any information designated 5 in this action as “CONFIDENTIAL” before a determination by the court 6 from which the subpoena or order issued, unless the Party has obtained 7 the Designating Party’s permission. The Designating Party shall bear the 8 burden and expense of seeking protection in that court of its confidential 9 material and nothing in these provisions should be construed as 10 authorizing or encouraging a Receiving Party in this Action to disobey a 11 lawful directive from another court. 12 11. A NON-PARTY’S PROTECTED MATERIAL SOUGHT TO BE 13 PRODUCED IN THIS LITIGATION 14 (a) The terms of this Order are applicable to information produced by a Non- 15 Party in this Action and designated as “CONFIDENTIAL.” Such 16 information produced by Non-Parties in connection with this litigation is 17 protected by the remedies and relief provided by this Order. Nothing in 18 these provisions should be construed as prohibiting a Non-Party from 19 seeking additional protections. 20 (b) In the event that a Party is required, by a valid discovery request, to 21 produce a Non-Party’s confidential information in its possession, and the 22 Party is subject to an agreement with the Non-Party not to produce the 23 Non-Party’s confidential information, then the Party shall: 24 (1) promptly notify in writing the Requesting Party and the Non- 25 Party that some or all of the information requested is subject to a 26 confidentiality agreement with a Non-Party; 27 (2) promptly provide the Non-Party with a copy of the Stipulated 1 and a reasonably specific description of the information 2 requested; and 3 (3) make the information requested available for inspection by the 4 Non-Party, if requested. 5 (c) If the Non-Party fails to seek a protective order from this court within 14 6 days of receiving the notice and accompanying information, the Receiving 7 Party may produce the Non-Party’s confidential information responsive 8 to the discovery request. If the Non-Party timely seeks a protective order, 9 the Receiving Party shall not produce any information in its possession or 10 control that is subject to the confidentiality agreement with the Non-Party 11 before a determination by the court. Absent a court order to the contrary, 12 the Non-Party shall bear the burden and expense of seeking protection in 13 this court of its Protected Material. 14 12. UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL 15 If a Receiving Party learns that, by inadvertence or otherwise, it has disclosed 16 Protected Material to any person or in any circumstance not authorized under this 17 Stipulated Protective Order, the Receiving Party must immediately (a) notify in writing 18 the Designating Party of the unauthorized disclosures, (b) use its best efforts to retrieve 19 all unauthorized copies of the Protected Material, (c) inform the person or persons to 20 whom unauthorized disclosures were made of all the terms of this Order, and (d) 21 request such person or persons to execute the “Acknowledgment an Agreement to Be 22 Bound” attached hereto as Exhibit A. 23 13. INADVERTANT PRODUCTION OF PRIVILEGED OR OTHERWISE 24 PROTECTED MATERIAL 25 When a Producing Party gives notice to Receiving Parties that certain 26 inadvertently produced material is subject to a claim of privilege or other protection, 27 the obligations of the Receiving Parties are those set forth in Federal Rule of 1 procedure may be established in an e-discovery order that provides for production 2 without prior privilege review. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Evidence 502(d) and (e), 3 insofar as the parties reach an agreement on the effect of disclosure of a communication 4 or information covered by the attorney-client privilege or work product protection, the 5 parties may incorporate their agreement in the stipulated protective order submitted to 6 the court. 7 14. MISCELLANEOUS 8 14.1 Right to Further Relief. Nothing in this Order abridges the right of any 9 person to seek its modification by the Court in the future. 10 14.2 Right to Assert Other Objections. By stipulating to the entry of this 11 Protective Order, no Party waives any right it otherwise would have to 12 object to disclosing or producing any information or item on any ground 13 not addressed in this Stipulated Protective Order. Similarly, no Party 14 waives any right to object on any ground to use in evidence of any of the 15 material covered by this Protective Order. 16 14.3 Filing Protected Material. A Party that seeks to file under seal any 17 Protected Material must comply with Local Civil Rule 79-5. Protected 18 Material may only be filed under seal pursuant to a court order authorizing 19 the sealing of the specific Protected Material. If a Party’s request to file 20 Protected Material under seal is denied by the court, then the Receiving 21 Party may file the information in the public record unless otherwise 22 instructed by the court. 23 15. FINAL DISPOSITION 24 After the final disposition of this Action, as defined in paragraph 6, within 60 25 days of a written request by the Designating Party, each Receiving Party must return 26 all Protected Material to the Producing Party or destroy such material. As used in this 27 subdivision, “all Protected Material” includes all copies, abstracts, compilations, 1 Material. Whether the Protected Material is returned or destroyed, the Receiving Party 2 must submit a written certification to the Producing Party (and, if not the same person 3 or entity, to the Designating Party) by the 60-day deadline that (1) identifies (by 4 category, where appropriate) all the Protected Material that was returned or destroyed 5 and (2) affirms that the Receiving Party has not retained any copies, abstracts, 6 compilations, summaries or any other format reproducing or capturing any of the 7 Protected Material. Notwithstanding this provision, Counsel are entitled to retain an 8 archival copy of all pleadings, motion papers, trial, deposition, and hearing transcripts, 9 legal memoranda, correspondence, deposition and trial exhibits, expert reports, 10 attorney work product, and consultant and expert work product, even if such materials 11 contain Protected Material. Any such archival copies that contain or constitute 12 Protected Material remain subject to this Protective Order as set forth in Section 6 13 (DURATION). 14 16. VIOLATION 15 Any violation of this Order may be punished by appropriate measures including, 16 without limitation, contempt proceedings and/or monetary sanctions. 17 18 IT IS SO STIPULATED, THROUGH COUNSEL OF RECORD. 19 DATED: June 21, 2021 QUILLING, SELANDER, LOWNDS, 20 WINSLETT & MOSER, P.C.

21 By: /s/ Kristin L. Marker 22 Kristin L. Marker Counsel for TRANS UNION LLC 23

24 DATED: June 21, 2021 LAW OFFICES OF JONATHAN A. STIEGLITZ 25 By: /s/ Jonathan A. Steiglitz 26 Jonathan A. Steiglitz 27 Counsel for PLAINTIFF JILDARDO VILLALOBOS 1 || FOR GOOD CAUSE SHOWN, IT IS SO ORDERED. 2 3 || DATED: June 21, 2021

5 Unked States Magistrate Judge 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

1 EXHIBIT A 2 3 The undersigned has read and understands the terms of the Agreed 4 Protective/Confidentiality Order effective in this case, Jildardo Villalobos v. 5 Experian Information Solutions, Inc., et al., Civil Action No. 8:20-cv-02169-FLA- 6 JDE, which is currently pending in the United States District Court for the Central 7 District of California, Southern Division. The undersigned agrees (i) to abide by the 8 terms of the Agreed Protective/Confidentiality Order; (ii) not to use or divulge, 9 under penalty of law, any documents, materials or other information covered by the 10 Agreed Protective/Confidentiality Order, including Confidential Information, 11 except as permitted by the terms of the Agreed Protective/Confidentiality Order; and 12 (iii) to submit to the jurisdiction of the United States District Court for Central 13 District of California, Southern Division for resolution of any issues arising under 14 the Agreed Protective/Confidentiality Order. 15 16 Dated: ____________________ Signed: ________________________ 17 18 Printed: ________________________ 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27