Case 2:22-cv-06056-SVW-MRW Document 18 Filed 10/07/22 Page 1 of 2 Page ID #:276

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL

October 7, 2022 Case No. 2:22-cv-06056-SVW-MRW Date

Strategic Funding Source, Inc. v. Marshall Horizons LLC et al Title

Present: The Honorable STEPHEN V. WILSON, U.S. DISTRICT JUDGE

Paul M. Cruz N/A

Deputy Clerk Court Reporter / Recorder

Attorneys Present for Plaintiffs: Attorneys Present for Defendants:

N/A N/A

Proceedings: ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFFS’ MOTION FOR REMAND [8]

Before the Court is a motion to remand by Plaintiff Strategic Funding Source, Inc. Dkt. 8. Defendants Le’Mar Marshall and Marshall Horizons, LLC oppose the motion. Dkt. 14. For the foregoing reasons, the Court GRANTS Plaintiff’s motion for remand, but DENIES Plaintiff’s request for attorney’s fees.

First, Defendants removed the case after the 30-day deadline to remove. Under

(b), “notice of removal of a civil action or proceeding shall be filed within 30 days after the receipt by the defendant, through service or otherwise, of a copy of the initial pleading setting forth the claim for relief upon which such action or proceeding is based[.]” (Emphasis added.). Here, Defendants were personally served with the complaint on July 5, 2022, yet removed the case on August 25, 2022. Declaration of Lauren M. Gibbs (“Gibbs Decl.”), Ex. B; Dkt. 1. Accordingly, removal was untimely.

Second, the Court does not have a proper basis for jurisdiction. The Court does not have federal question jurisdiction, because Plaintiff’s original complaint only asserts two claims for breach of contract. Gibbs Decl., ¶ 2, Ex. C. Moreover, Defendants’ counterclaims based in federal law1 cannot confer federal question. Katz v. Pezzola, No. 222CV03183CASMARX,

, at *2 (C.D. Cal. May 24, 2022) (“a case may not be removed based on a federal defense or counterclaim.”).

1 Defendants seem to contend that the Court has federal question jurisdiction because of alleged violations of “common & UCC law, trademark & copyright violations, RICO act.” Dkt. 1. Only the alleged trademark, copyright, and RICO violations could be federal causes of action, and those causes of action appear nowhere in Plaintiff’s complaint.

Accordingly, the Court construes these alleged violations as either defenses or counterclaims asserted by Defendants.

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CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL Page 1 of 2 Case 2:22-cv-06056-SVW-MRW Document 18 Filed 10/07/22 Page 2 of 2 Page ID #:277

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL

October 7, 2022 Case No. 2:22-cv-06056-SVW-MRW Date

Strategic Funding Source, Inc. v. Marshall Horizons LLC et al Title

Additionally, Defendants could not remove the action under diversity jurisdiction. Under section 1441(b)(2), “[a] civil action otherwise removable solely on the basis of [diversity jurisdiction] may not be removed if any of the parties in interest properly joined and served as defendants is a citizen of the State in which such action is brought.”) (emphasis added). Defendant Marshall is a citizen of California. Gibbs Decl., ¶ 3, Ex. A. Thus, the Court does not have a basis for exercising jurisdiction over the action. Accordingly, the motion to remand is GRANTED.

As to Plaintiff’s request for attorney’s fees, the Court DENIES the request. When remanding a case, a court may, in its discretion, “require payment of just costs and any actual expenses, including attorney fees, incurred as a result of the removal.”

(c). “Absent unusual circumstances, courts may award attorney's fees under § 1447(c) only where the removing party lacked an objectively reasonable basis for seeking removal.” Martin v. Franklin Cap. Corp.,

,

,

(2005). In making this determination, “the court should assess ‘whether the relevant case law clearly foreclosed the defendant's basis of removal’ by examining the ‘clarity of the law at the time of removal.’” Midway Plaza LP v. Zatarain, No. 22-CV-90 JLS (JLB),

, at *3 (S.D. Cal. Apr. 6, 2022) (citing Lussier v. Dollar Tree Stores, Inc.,

(9th Cir. 2008)).

Although it was clear to the Court and Plaintiff’s counsel that removal was improper, “[t]he Court cannot conclude that it is objectively unreasonable for a pro se party, lacking basic legal knowledge, to attempt to remove [the] action to federal court.” Wilmington Trust, N.A. v. Mobley, No. CV15-2910 CAS (AJWx),

, at *3 (C.D. Cal. June 10, 2015). See also Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Hunt, No. C10–04965JCS,

at *5 (N.D. Cal., Feb.3, 2011) (“In determining whether to award attorneys’ fees in cases involving improper removal by a pro se defendant, courts accord significant weight to the defendant's lack of representation.” The Court acknowledges that Plaintiff corresponded with Defendants following the removal, informing them of the jurisdictional defects, but this correspondence happened after removal. See Gemini Tr. Co., LLC v. Castiglione, No. 119CV00572DADEPG,

, at *4 (E.D. Cal. June 26, 2019). Accordingly, the Court finds that attorneys’ fees are not warranted.

It is so ordered.

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