UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL Case No. CV 23-8645-GW-SKx Date October 30, 2023 Title Dev Bhalla v. Elizabeth Goodman, et al.

Present: The Honorable GEORGE H. WU, UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE Javier Gonzalez None Present N/A Deputy Clerk Court Reporter / Recorder Tape No. Attorneys Present for Plaintiffs: Attorneys Present for Defendants: None Present None Present PROCEEDINGS: IN CHAMBERS - ORDER REMANDING CASE BACK TO STATE COURT On October 13, 2023, pro per defendant Aleksandr Vladimirovich Bible (“Defendant”) removed this unlawful detainer action to federal court from the Los Angeles County Superior Court. See Notice of Removal (“NOR”), ECF No. 1. Because subject matter jurisdiction is lacking here, the Court will forthwith remand the matter to state court. See Scholastic Ent., Inc. v. Fox Ent. Grp., Inc.,

, 985 (9th Cir. 2003) (providing a party with an opportunity to respond when a court dismisses a case on the merits is not necessary when dismissal is for lack of subject matter jurisdiction). Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction, having subject matter jurisdiction only over matters authorized by the Constitution and Congress. See, e.g., Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co.,

(1994). It is this Court’s obligation to consider its subject matter jurisdiction in every case before it. See Arbaugh v. Y&H Corp.,

(2006). The party attempting to remove an action from state to federal court bears the burden of establishing federal jurisdiction. See Hunter v. Philip Morris USA,

(9th Cir. 2009). A removed action must be remanded to state court if the federal court lacks subject matter jurisdiction.

. Defendant’s Notice of Removal asserts that this action may be brought to federal court because this Court would have original jurisdiction over the action pursuant to

(federal question : UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL Case No. CV 23-8645-GW-SKx Date October 30, 2023 Title Dev Bhalla v. Elizabeth Goodman, et al. jurisdiction). In order to remove a case to federal court based on federal question jurisdiction, the federal question must appear on the face of a plaintiff’s complaint. See Vaden v. Discover Bank,

(2009) (“Federal jurisdiction cannot be predicated on an actual or anticipated defense.”); Holmes Grp., Inc. v. Vornado Air Circulation Sys., Inc.,

(2002) (“A counterclaim . . . cannot serve as the basis for ‘arising under’ [federal] jurisdiction.”); Caterpillar, Inc. v. Williams,

(1987) (“[F]ederal jurisdiction exists only when a federal question is presented on the face of the plaintiff’s properly pleaded complaint.”). The Complaint in this action presents only an unlawful detainer claim based on the California Code of Civil Procedure, and therefore does not present a federal question. See Complaint (“Compl.”), NOR, Ex. A.1 Any rights based in federal law that Defendant believes Defendant has by way of a defense or a basis for a counterclaim does not give this Court original jurisdiction over Plaintiff’s unlawful detainer case. For the foregoing reasons, the Court finds that there is no subject matter jurisdiction over the present litigation and the action is forthwith remanded to the Superior Court of the State of California for the County of Los Angeles.

1 Defendant did not attach to the Notice of Removal a copy of the Complaint in its entirety in violation of

(a), which requires that a notice of removal contain “a copy of all process, pleadings, and orders served upon” the defendant. However, neither the portion of the Complaint attached to the Notice of Removal nor the Notice of Removal itself in any way suggests that a federal question is presented on the face of the Complaint. See NOR ¶ 5 (“The complaint for the Unlawful Detainer was filed by the plaintiff for non-payment.”); Compl. (“COMPLAINT – UNLAWFUL DETAINER”). Thus, while Defendant’s failure to include the entire Complaint is not itself a jurisdictional defect, see 14C Charles Alan Wright et al., Federal Practice and Procedure § 3733 (Rev. 4th ed. 2023), neither does it preclude the Court from remanding this action. See Hunter,

(“The ‘strong presumption against removal jurisdiction means that the defendant always has the burden of establishing that removal is proper,’ and that the court resolves all ambiguity in favor of remand to state court.” (quoting Gaus v. Miles, Inc.,

(9th Cir. 1992))). :