1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 IGNACIO VERA, No. 2:23-cv-09653-JAK (JPRx) 11 Plaintiff, ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE RE: 12 SUPPLEMENTAL JURISDICTION v. OVER STATE-LAW CLAIMS 13 ELIAS BARBER SHOP, et al., 14 Defendants. 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 1 Based on a review of the Complaint (Dkt. 1), the following determinations are 2 made: 3 The Complaint alleges violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act, 42

et seq. (the “ADA”), the Unruh Civil Rights Act (the “Unruh Act”), 5

, and other provisions of California law. Supplemental 6 jurisdiction is the basis for the state-law claims. See Dkt. 1 ¶ 7. 7 District courts may exercise “supplemental jurisdiction over all other claims that 8 are so related to claims in the action within such original jurisdiction that they form part 9 of the same case or controversy under Article III of the United States Constitution.” 28

(a). This “is a doctrine of discretion, not of plaintiff’s right.” United Mine 11 Workers v. Gibbs,

(1966). “In order to decide whether to exercise 12 jurisdiction over pendent state law claims, a district court should consider . . . at every 13 stage of the litigation, the values of judicial economy, convenience, fairness, and 14 comity.” Nishimoto v. Federman-Bachrach & Assocs.,

, 715 (9th Cir. 1990) 15 (citation omitted). 16 In 2012, California imposed heightened pleading requirements for Unruh Act 17 claims.

(a)(1); Cal. Code Civ. Proc. § 425.50(a). In 2015, 18 California also imposed a “high-frequency litigant fee” for plaintiffs and law firms that 19 have brought large numbers of construction-related accessibility claims. Cal. Gov’t Code 20 70616.5. As detailed in previous orders by this Court and other district courts in 21 California, these reforms addressed the small number of plaintiffs and counsel who bring 22 a significant percentage of construction-related accessibility claims. E.g., Whitaker v. 23 RCP Belmont Shore LLC, No. LA CV19-09561 JAK (JEMx),

, at *6- 24 8 (Mar. 30, 2020); Garibay v. Rodriguez, No. 2:18-cv-09187-PA (AFMx),

5204294, at *1-6 (C.D. Cal. Aug. 27, 2019). These statutes impose special requirements 26 for construction-related accessibility claims brought by high-frequency plaintiffs 27 pursuant to the Unruh Act. Because accepting supplemental jurisdiction over such claims 1 would permit high-frequency plaintiffs to side-step those state-law requirements by 2 pursuing the claims in a federal forum, many district courts, including this one, have 3 declined to exercise such jurisdiction. E.g., Whitaker,

, at *6-8; 4 Garibay,

, at *1-6. 5 A review of the docket in this District shows that, in the one-year period preceding 6 the filing of the Complaint, Plaintiff has filed more than ten actions in which he has 7 advanced construction-related accessibility claims. In addition, Plaintiff’s counsel, Jason 8 Kim, Jason Yoon, and Kevin Hong of the So Cal Equal Access Group, have represented 9 several individuals who appear to be high-frequency plaintiffs in construction-related 10 accessibility actions. In a California Superior Court, Plaintiff would be deemed a high- 11 frequency litigant. If so, “California’s recent legislative enactments confirm that the state 12 [would have] a substantial interest in this case.” Perri v. Thrifty Payless, No. 2:19-CV- 13 07829-CJC (SKx),

, at *2 (C.D. Cal. Oct. 8, 2019). 14 In light of the foregoing, Plaintiff is ORDERED TO SHOW CAUSE why the 15 Court should not decline to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the state-law claims. 16 Plaintiff shall file a response to this Order to Show Cause, not to exceed ten pages, on or 17 before December 13, 2023. In responding to this Order to Show Cause, Plaintiff shall 18 identify the amount of statutory damages Plaintiff seeks to recover. Plaintiff shall also 19 present a declaration, signed under penalty of perjury, providing the evidence necessary 20 for the Court to determine if Plaintiff meets the definition of a “high-frequency litigant” 21 as defined in Cal. Code Civ. Proc. § 425.50(b)(1) & (2). Failure to file a timely response 22 to this Order to Show Cause may result in the dismissal of the state-law claims without 23 prejudice by declining to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over them, pursuant to 28

(c). Defendants may also file a response to this Order to Show Cause, not 25 to exceed ten pages, on or before December 20, 2023. Upon receipt of the response(s), 26 the matter will be taken under submission, and a written order will issue. 27 1 2 IT IS SO ORDERED. 3 4 Dated: _N_o_v_e_m__b_e_r _2_7_, _2_0_2_3 ________________________ 5 John A. Kronstadt 6 United States District Judge 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27