1 2 3 4 5 6 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 8

9

10 LORETTA WILLIAMS, 11 Plaintiff, No. C 22-03780 WHA

12 v.

13 WHAT IF HOLDINGS, LLC, and ORDER DENYING LEAVE ACTIVEPROSPECT, INC., TO AMEND AND 14 VACATING HEARING Defendants. 15

16 In this putative class action alleging wiretapping via recording software deployed on 17 certain webpages, plaintiff moves for leave to file a first amended complaint. For the 18 following reasons, plaintiff’s motion is DENIED. 19 The facts herein are described in our previous order (Dkt. No. 49). In sum, plaintiff 20 visited defendant What If Holdings, LLC’s website, which utilized software made by 21 defendant ActiveProspect, Inc. called “TrustedForm.” TrustedForm creates video replays of a 22 website visitor’s interactions with the webpage on which it is deployed, as it did for plaintiff’s 23 interaction with certain pages on What If’s website. Plaintiff’s original complaint asserted that 24 this recordation violated the wiretapping provision of the California Invasion of Privacy Act 25 (CIPA), California’s Unfair Competition Law, and plaintiff’s right to privacy under the 26 California Constitution. Our prior order granted defendants’ motions to dismiss all claims, 27 finding that the facts as alleged indicate that TrustedForm in this instance functions more as a 1 Plaintiff now moves for leave to file a first amended class action complaint, retaining the 2 claims under CIPA and the California Constitution. This order follows full briefing and finds 3 the motion suitable for disposition on the papers under Civil Local Rule 7-1(b). 4 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(a)(2) provides that leave to amend shall be freely 5 given when justice so requires. Nevertheless, leave is not granted automatically: “Futility of 6 amendment can, by itself, justify the denial of a motion for leave to amend.” Kroessler v. CVS 7 Health Corp.,

(9th Cir. 2020) (quoting Bonin v. Calderon,

, 845 8 (9th Cir. 1995)). Amendment is futile “[i]f no amendment would allow the complaint to 9 withstand dismissal as a matter of law.”

(citing Moore v. Kayport Package Exp., Inc., 885

(9th Cir. 1989)). 11 Plaintiff’s proposed amendments do not move the needle. The substantive amendments 12 provide additional descriptive context for TrustedForm, specifically by quoting: (1) statements 13 by ActiveProspect’s CEO from a podcast; (2) language from ActiveProspect’s patent related to 14 TrustedForm; and (3) an article discussing the privacy threat posed by website recordation 15 software (Proposed First Am. Compl. ¶¶ 9–12). What is not explained in plaintiff’s proposed 16 amendments is how these details connect to plaintiff’s interaction with the What If website, the 17 basis for our action. The quoted patent language describes in technical terms how interactions 18 are recorded and how those recordings are retrieved. That comports with our prior order’s 19 finding that TrustedForm, as it was deployed here, functions as a recording device. The CEO’s 20 statements describe ActiveProspect as “an independent third party,” but this has no bearing on 21 our prior order’s conclusion that ActiveProspect is not acting as a third party for purposes of a 22 CIPA wiretapping claim under Section 631(a), given the facts alleged here. Likewise, the 23 article warning against threats to privacy is irrelevant unless it contains factual averments 24 manifesting the violations claimed in the complaint. Critically, the proposed amendments add 25 no additional facts regarding the actual alleged violations. 26 Plaintiff also filed a notice of supplemental authority consisting of Judge Charles R. 27 Breyer’s order in a separate action involving TrustedForm, Javier v. Assurance IQ, LLC, No. 1 which are inapplicable here. Moreover, plaintiff cites that decision for the proposition that “the 2 question as to whether a plaintiff must allege some use of the recorded data to maintain a CIPA 3 claim under the second prong of the statute is unresolved at best” (Reply 4). But that 4 proposition puts the cart before the horse. Our prior order did not find that use of recorded 5 data must be alleged, but rather that the lack of any allegations beyond mere recordation — 6 with use being one such example — therefore means TrustedForm as described in our 7 complaint functioned as a recorder, not an eavesdropper. Plaintiffs proposed amended 8 complaint suffers the same flaw. This order thus finds the amendment futile. 9 For the foregoing reasons, plaintiff's motion for leave to file a first amended class action 10 complaint is DENIED. The hearing for this motion on February 16, 2023, is hereby VACATED. 11 Judgment will be entered accordingly. 12

IT IS SO ORDERED. © 15 || Dated: February 13, 2023. 16 / Al A / b = 17 = WILLIAM ALSUP 4 18 UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28