1 2 3 4 5 6 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 8

9

10 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ex rel. SEAN SOLOMON, 11 No. C 23-01103 WHA Plaintiff, 12

v.

13 ORDER RE REQUEST FOR MODERNA US INC., RECONSIDERATION 14 Defendant. 15

16 Relator Sean Solomon, proceeding pro se, filed this qui tam action under the False 17 Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. 3729–3733, asserting in sum that defendant Moderna US Inc.’s 18 COVID-19 vaccine is “snake oil” because it is for prevention of the symptoms of COVID-19, 19 as opposed to infection or transmission of the virus itself (Compl. 1–2, Dkt. No. 1). The 20 United States declined to intervene, and thus requested all filings be unsealed and that the 21 action be dismissed unless relator Solomon obtains counsel. An order issued unsealing this 22 action and giving relator thirty days to obtain counsel (Dkt. No. 12). Relator now moves for 23 reconsideration of that order, requesting to proceed pro se (Dkt. No. 13). 24 Our court of appeals has explained in no uncertain terms that “a pro se relator cannot 25 prosecute a qui tam action on behalf of the United States” under the Act and that this 26 conclusion “is consistent with the decisions of other circuits to have addressed the issue.” 27 Stoner v. Santa Clara Cnty. Off. of Educ.,

, 1126–27 (9th Cir. 2007). Relator 1 (2000) as holding otherwise, arguing that Stevens “settled the question of whether pro se qui 2 tam relators have Article III standing” (Br. 2). 3 But the question here is not one of standing. Our court of appeals discussed Stevens in 4 making a similar distinction to conclude that while relators under the Act have standing, they 5 may not proceed pro se. See Stoner,

. Indeed, the same principles that 6 undergird why relator has standing explain why relator cannot maintain this action pro se:

7 The Supreme Court’s recent decision in Winkelman v. Parma City School District,

,

,

(2007), does not suggest a contrary conclusion. Winkelman considered whether the parents of a child covered by the 9 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (“IDEA”) could proceed pro se in federal court to enforce IDEA’s guarantee of a 10 free appropriate public education for their child.

at 2000–05. The central question in Winkelman was whether IDEA grants 11 parents the same independent substantive right to a free appropriate public education as it does their child, and thus 12 whether unrepresented parents would be proceeding on their own behalf or on behalf of their child in an action to enforce this right 13 in federal court. Id. at 1998. After examining IDEA’s statutory scheme, the Court held that the parents could bring such an action 14 pro se pursuant to

because IDEA gives the parents their own “independent, enforceable” right to the 15 substantive adequacy of their child’s education.

. 16 While Winkelman reaffirms that pro se plaintiffs are entitled to enforce their own independent rights in federal court under § 1654, 17 it has no direct application here because the FCA makes clear that a relator brings a qui tam suit on behalf of the government. Unlike 18 IDEA, which allows parents to proceed on their own behalf to vindicate their substantive right to a free appropriate public 19 education for their child, the substantive right underlying the FCA action is the government’s right not to be defrauded. See Stevens, 20 529 U.S. at 771,

(The relator “is suing to remedy an injury in fact suffered by the United States.”). The relator’s 21 interest in the lawsuit is limited to certain procedural guarantees, in addition to the “bounty” the relator will receive for successfully 22 assisting the government in vindicating the government’s substantive rights. See Stevens,

,

. 23 [Plaintiff’s] reliance on Winkelman in the context of the FCA is thus misguided. 24 25

26 A pro se litigant may have standing but when he is acting as his own counsel, it will not 27 do for him to act as counsel for the United States. “It would be to the detriment of our country 1 action.” Bruzzone v. Intel Corp., No. C 14-01279 WHA,

, at *1 (N.D. Cal. 2 May 21, 2014). 3 Given the foregoing, relator’s request for reconsideration is DENIED. Relator Solomon 4 has until OCTOBER 24, 2023, to obtain experienced counsel and for experienced counsel to file 5 a notice of appearance, or this action shall be dismissed. 6 7 IT IS SO ORDERED. 8 9 Dated: September 26, 2023. 10 11 { J SLX WILLIAM ALSUP 12 UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

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