1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 AMED MULLINS, an individual, Case No.: 22-cv-1779-DMS-DDL

12 Plaintiff, ORDER DENYING PLAINTIFF’S 13 v. MOTION FOR SANCTIONS

14 CGI FEDERAL INC., a Delaware [Dkt. No. 40] 15 corporation, and DOES 1-20, 16 Defendants. 17

18 I. 19 BACKGROUND 20 Before the Court is a document filed by Plaintiff on October 12, 2023, and captioned 21 “Response to Timothy L. Hix’s False Perjury, Violation of Professional Responsibility, 22 Violation of Privilege, and Request for Sanctions” (“Motion for Sanctions”). Dkt. No. 40. 23 On September 27, 2023, pursuant to this Court’s Chambers Rules, Defendant’s 24 counsel, Timothy L. Hix, sent an email to the Court raising four separate discovery 25 disputes: (1) Plaintiff’s refusal to answer Defendant’s questions during her September 7, 26 2023, deposition about CGI’s Policies, Sexual Harassment Notices, and Other State/Local 27 Required Information (“Exhibit 6”); (2) Plaintiff’s refusal to produce to Defendant copies 28 of handwritten notes passed to her by her brother during the September 7 deposition; 1 (3) the manner in which Plaintiff stated objections and responses to Defendant’s deposition 2 questions; and (4) Plaintiff’s failure to produce a copy of a text message she received 3 following her termination from employment. On September 28, 2023, the Court held a 4 Discovery Conference to address each of the disputes. On September 29, 2023, the Court 5 issued a written order memorializing the September 28 conference. The September 29 6 Order directed, in relevant part, that (1) Plaintiff produce to the Court for in camera review 7 copies of all notes passed to her by her brother during the September 7 deposition, and 8 (2) the parties meet and confer regarding Plaintiff’s deposition response to Defendant’s 9 questions regarding Exhibit 6 and, if no resolution was reached, the parties were further 10 directed to file a joint motion setting forth their respective positions on the issue. 11 Dkt. No. 33. Specifically, the Court ordered that Plaintiff send a written statement of her 12 position to Mr. Hix, and that Mr. Hix prepare the joint motion, insert Plaintiff’s statement 13 of her position, and file the joint motion on behalf of both parties. Id. 14 On September 28, 2023, Plaintiff submitted copies of the notes passed by her brother 15 during the September 7 deposition to Chambers for in camera review, in compliance with 16 this Court’s directive at the September 28 conference. On October 4, 2023, Mr. Hix filed 17 a Joint Discovery Motion Re: Plaintiff’s Refusal to Answer Questions at Deposition and 18 Request for Sanctions (“Joint Motion”), which included each party’s statement of their 19 position regarding Plaintiff’s decision to stand on her refusal to answer Defendant’s 20 questions regarding Exhibit 6. Dkt. No. 37. At the beginning of Plaintiff’s statement, Mr. 21 Hix included a footnote stating “Plaintiff provided a PDF of her position. Defendant has 22 copied and pasted the text of the PDF verbatim in Section II.” Id. at 4, n.1. 23 On October 12, 2023, the Court held a Discovery Hearing to address Plaintiff’s 24 brother’s notes and the Joint Motion. The Court resolved both disputes during the hearing 25 and issued a written order on October 16, 2023. Dkt. No. 41. 26 / / / 27 / / / 28 / / / 1 II. 2 DISCUSSION 3 A. Plaintiff’s Responses to Previously Resolved Disputes 4 In the Motion for Sanctions, Plaintiff raises several arguments in response to the 5 discovery disputes Defendant raised in its September 27 email. See generally Dkt. No. 40. 6 As described above, the Court addressed and resolved each of the discovery disputes after 7 giving both parties the opportunity to be heard by way of the September 28 conference, the 8 Joint Motion, and the October 12 hearing. See Dkt. Nos. 33, 37, 41. Plaintiff had ample 9 opportunity to address arguments to the Court regarding the discovery disputes raised by 10 Defendant. The Court has not authorized the filing of further briefing on these issues, and 11 Plaintiff’s Motion for Sanctions contravenes the Court’s directives set forth in its 12 September 28 and October 16 orders. Dkt. Nos. 33, 37. Accordingly, Plaintiff’s arguments 13 concerning previously resolved issues are moot. 14 B. Plaintiff’s Newly Raised Disputes 15 Plaintiff also attempts to raise new disputes regarding Defendant’s characterization 16 of her former job title and duties and the process by which Mr. Hix prepared the portion of 17 the Joint Motion containing Plaintiff’s statement of position. Dkt. No. 40 at 2. The record 18 reflects that Mr. Hix complied with the Court’s directive to insert Plaintiff’s statement of 19 position into the Joint Motion and file the Joint Motion on behalf of both parties. Mr. Hix 20 represented in the Joint Motion that he copied and pasted the text of Plaintiff’s statement 21 “verbatim,” and Plaintiff has not produced any evidence to the contrary. Dkt. No. 37 at 4, 22 n.1. For these reasons, the Motion for Sanctions is DENIED. 23 Furthermore, Plaintiff has not complied with this District’s Civil Local Rules or this 24 Court’s Chambers Rules in raising these new disputes. Civil Local Rule 26.1(a) and 25 Chambers Rule § III(A) both require counsel—including any party representing himself or 26 herself—to meet and confer regarding any discovery dispute before bringing the dispute to 27 the Court for resolution. Furthermore, Chambers Rules §§ III(B)-(D) set forth mandatory 28 procedures which counsel must follow when raising discovery disputes with the Court. 1 Plaintiff does not indicate in her Motion for Sanctions that the parties met and conferred 2 regarding the new disputes. Moreover, Plaintiff did not request a discovery conference in 3 accordance with the procedures set forth in Chambers Rule § III(C) prior to filing the 4 Motion for Sanctions. 5 C. Plaintiff’s Request to Recuse Magistrate Judge 6 Although Plaintiff’s Motion for Sanctions is not captioned as a motion to recuse the 7 undersigned, the body of the Motion includes a statement that “[t]he following are my 8 recommendations for sanctions against Defendants and removal of Magistrate Leshner 9 from [the] case for extreme bias and prejudice in favor of Defendants.” The Court 10 construes this as a request for the undersigned to recuse. 11 Section 455(a) of Title 28 of the U.S. Code instructs that “[a]ny justice, judge, or 12 magistrate judge of the United States shall disqualify himself in any proceeding in which 13 his impartiality might reasonably be questioned.” “[R]ecusal is appropriate where a 14 ‘reasonable person with knowledge of all the facts would conclude that the judge’s 15 impartiality might reasonably be questioned.’” United States v. Carey,

, 16 1104 (9th Cir. 2019) (quoting Yagman v. Republic Ins.,

(9th Cir. 1993)). 17 Judges should recuse only when there is good reason for doing so: “[A] judge has as strong 18 a duty to sit when there is no legitimate reason to recuse as he does to recuse when the law 19 and facts require.” Clemens v. U.S. Dist. Ct.,

(9th Cir. 2005) (citation 20 and internal quotation marks omitted). 21 The Supreme Court has held that “judicial rulings alone almost never constitute a 22 valid basis for a bias or partiality motion.” Liteky v. United States,

, 555 23 (1994). “Almost invariably, they are proper grounds for appeal, not for recusal.”

Here, 24 as far as the Court can discern, Plaintiff takes issue with the Court’s ruling compelling her 25 to produce the deposition notes. To the extent any party disagrees with the Court’s rulings, 26 that party may proceed under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 72 as appropriate. The Court 27 does not discern a basis for recusal, and Plaintiff’s motion is DENIED. 28 / / / 1 Il. 2 CONCLUSION 3 For the foregoing reasons, the Court ORDERS as follows: 4 1. Plaintiffs Motion for Sanctions is DENIED in its entirety. 5 2. The request for the undersigned to recuse is DENIED. 6 3. Prior to raising any dispute with the Court, the parties must comply with all 7 applicable Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Civil Local Rules, and Chambers 8 Rules. Failure to comply with these rules—including the meet and confer 9 requirements of Civil Local Rule 26.1(a) and Chambers Rules § □□□□□□□ 10 constitute a basis for denial of the motion. 11 IT IS SO ORDERED. 12 ||Dated: November 9, 2023

15 United States Magistrate Judge 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28