(PC) Black v. Siskiyou County

8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA SIVA D. BLACK, No. 2:24-cv-3709 DJC CKD P 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. ORDER SISKIYOU COUNTY, 15 Defendant.

17 Plaintiff has filed a motion that the undersigned recuse.

18 I. Legal Standard: 19 Federal law allows a judge to recuse from a matter based on a question of partiality: 20 Any justice, judge, or magistrate judge of the United States shall disqualify himself in any proceeding in which his impartiality might 21 reasonably be questioned. [ ¶] He shall also disqualify himself . . . [¶] [w]here he has a personal bias or prejudice concerning a party, or 22 personal knowledge of disputed evidentiary facts concerning the proceeding . . . .

24 28 U.S.C. § 455(a), (b)(1).

25 A party may seek recusal of a judge based on bias or prejudice: 26 Whenever a party to any proceeding in a district court makes and files a timely and sufficient affidavit that the judge before whom the 27 matter is pending has a personal bias or prejudice either against him or in favor of any adverse party, such judge shall proceed no further 28 therein, but another judge shall be assigned to hear such proceeding.

1 [¶] The affidavit shall state the facts and the reasons for the belief that bias or prejudice exists . . . .

3 28 U.S.C. § 144.

4 Relief under Section 144 is conditioned upon the filing of a timely and legally sufficient affidavit. A judge who finds the affidavit legally sufficient must proceed no further under Section 144 and must assign a different judge to hear the matter. See 28 U.S.C. § 144; United States v. Sibla, 624 F.2d 864, 867 (9th Cir. 1980). Nevertheless, where the affidavit lacks sufficiency, the judge at whom the motion is directed can determine the matter and deny recusal. See United States v. Scholl, 166 F.3d 964, 977 (9th Cir. 1999) (citing Toth v. Trans World Airlines, Inc., 862 10 F.2d 1381, 1388 (9th Cir. 1988) (holding that only after determining the legal sufficiency of a Section 144 affidavit is a judge obligated to reassign decision on merits to another judge)); United States v. $292,888.04 in U.S. Currency, 54 F.3d 564, 566 (9th Cir. 1995) (if the affidavit is legally insufficient, then recusal can be denied).

14 The standard for legal sufficiency under Sections 144 and 455 is “‘whether a reasonable person with knowledge of all the facts would conclude that the judge’s impartiality might reasonably be questioned.’” Mayes v. Leipziger, 729 F.2d 605, 607 (9th Cir. 1984) (quoting United States v. Nelson, 718 F.2d 315, 321 (9th Cir. 1983)); United States v. Studley, 783 F.2d 18 934, 939 (9th Cir. 1986). To provide adequate grounds for recusal, the prejudice must result from an extrajudicial source. Sibla, 624 F.2d at 868-89. A judge’s previous adverse ruling alone is not sufficient for recusal. Nelson, 718 F.2d at 321.

21 II. Analysis 22 To the extent plaintiff alleges bias, prejudice, and impartiality based on previous rulings against plaintiff, the motion for recusal is substantially insufficient. The motion fails to allege facts to support a contention that the undersigned has exhibited bias or prejudice directed towards plaintiff from an extrajudicial source. Sibla, 624 F.2d at 868; see Liteky v. United States, 510 26 U.S. 540, 555 (1994) (“[J]udicial rulings alone almost never constitute a valid basis for a bias or partiality motion.”); id. (“In and of themselves . . . [judicial rulings] cannot possibly show reliance upon an extrajudicial source; and can only in the rarest circumstances evidence the | degree of favoritism or antagonism required . .. when no extrajudicial source is involved. Almost || ivariably, they are proper grounds for appeal, not for recusal.”); Leslie v. Grupo ICA, 198 F.3d 3 |} 1152, 1160 (th Cir. 1999) (“[Plaintiff’s] allegations stem entirely from the district judge’s || adverse rulings. That is not an adequate basis for recusal.”).

5 | II. Conclusion 6 Because plaintiff fails to identify any adequate basis for recusal, and because there is no || basis to reasonably question the undersigned’s impartiality, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that | plaintiffs request for recusal (ECF No. 12) is DENIED.

9 | Dated: March 14, 2025 □□ I / dip Ze 10 CAROLYN DELANEY 11 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 14], blac3709.rec