Karen Bendana v. County of Orange, et al.

8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA KAREN BENDANA, Case No. 8:25-cv-01310-SSS-AJR 12 Plaintiff, ORDER ACCEPTING FINDINGS, 13 v. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF UNITED COUNTY OF ORANGE, ET AL., STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 15 Defendants.

Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636, the Court has reviewed the motions to dismiss, all the records and files herein, and the Report and Recommendation of the United States Magistrate Judge. The Court has considered Plaintiff’s Objections to the Report and Recommendation (the “Objections”), Defendants’ Response to the Objections, and Plaintiff’s Request that the Court Consider Her Objections in Full. The Court has also conducted a de novo review of those portions of the Report and Recommendation to which Plaintiff objected.

The Report and Recommendation (“Report”) recommends that the dismissal of Plaintiff’s First Amended Complaint without leave to amend. [Dkt. 38]. Plaintiff’s objections [Dkt. 40] do not merit any change to the Report’s findings or recommendations.

1 The gravamen of Plaintiff’s objections is that subject matter jurisdiction in the state court was lacking under the California Family Code to conduct the underlying family-law proceedings involving Plaintiff and her child. [Dkt. 40 at 2-9]. On the contrary, according to Plaintiff’s own allegations, the biological father of the child filed a “father’s private petition” with the state court. Id. at 4. Thus, the state court had subject matter jurisdiction. See V.S. v. M.L., 222 Cal. App. 4th 730, 734-35 (2013) (“‘an action to determine the existence of the father and child relationship may be brought’ by several categories of persons, including ‘a man alleged or alleging himself to be the father’”) (quoting Cal. Family Code § 7630(c)).

10 Plaintiff objects to the Report’s analysis that Defendant Judge Solis is entitled to judicial immunity and that Defendants Jacobs, Ridlon, and Hartman are entitled to prosecutorial immunity. [Dkt. 40 at 9-16]. The objections are misplaced because they are based on the erroneous premise that Judge Solis acted without subject matter jurisdiction.

14 Plaintiff objects to the Report’s analysis that her claims implicate the Younger abstention doctrine and the Rooker-Feldman doctrine. [Dkt. 40 at 16-26]. The objections likewise are misplaced because they are based on the erroneous premise that subject matter jurisdiction in state court was lacking.

18 Plaintiff objects to the Report’s analysis that her First Amended Complaint otherwise fails to state a viable claim. [Dkt. 40 at 26-28]. The Court agrees with the Report that, from the First Amended Complaint, “Plaintiff’s allegations against Defendants are largely conclusory and fail to specify each defendant’s conduct.” [Dkt. 38 at 19; see also Dkt. 5].

23 Plaintiff objects to the Report’s analysis that she has failed to state a Fourth Amendment claim based on the seizure of her child. [Dkt. 40 at 28-32]. The Court agrees with the Report, which cites several authorities to conclude that Plaintiff, a pro se litigant, may not vicariously assert her child’s Fourth Amendment rights. [Dkt. 38 at 22].

27 Plaintiff objects to the Report’s analysis that she has failed to state a Fourteenth Amendment claim. [Dkt. 40 at 32-34]. The Court agrees with the Report that the judicially noticed record shows that Plaintiff received notice and an opportunity to be heard in the custody dispute, and that the removal of the child was executed pursuant to a protective custody warrant authorized by the family court. [Dkt. 38 at 24; see also Dkt. 1 at 78-79, 86-87]. Plaintiff’s objection that the state court lacked authority to conduct such proceedings is based on the erroneous premise that Judge Solis acted without subject matter jurisdiction.

7 Plaintiff objects to the Report’s analysis that she has failed to state a Ninth Amendment claim. [Dkt. 40 at 34-37]. The Court agrees with the Report that the Ninth Amendment does not independently secure any constitutional rights for purposes of pursuing a civil rights claim. [Dkt. 38 at 24].

11 Plaintiff objects to the Report’s analysis that she has failed to state a civil conspiracy claim. [Dkt. 40 at 37-39]. The Court agrees with the Report that Plaintiff failed to allege a conspiracy in a non-conclusory manner and failed to allege any class- based or invidiously discriminatory animus behind Defendants’ alleged actions. [Dkt. 38 at 25]. The First Amended Complaint merely alleged in a conclusory manner that Defendants “acted in concert” and engaged in “a coordinated pattern of abuse and intent to deprive Plaintiff of equal protection under the law.” [Dkt. 5 at 9].

18 Plaintiff objects to the Report’s analysis that she has failed to state a claim under Monell v. Dept. of Social Services of City of New York, 436 U.S. 658 (1978). [Dkt. 40 at 39-42]. The Court agrees with the Report that the First Amended Complaint identifies no policy, practice, or custom of the County of Orange that caused her alleged injury. [Dkt.

22 38 at 27; see also Dkt. 5 at 10]. The Court also agrees with the Report that the County of Orange cannot be liable based on the conduct of prosecutors who represent the state, which is entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity. [Dkt. 38 at 27-28].

25 Plaintiff objects to the Report’s analysis that she fails to state a Section 1983 supervisor liability claim against the prosecutor Defendants in their individual capacities.

27 [Dkt. 40 at 42-45]. The Court agrees with the Report that the First Amended Complaint fails to allege facts permitting a plausible inference that the two prosecutorial supervisors, Jacobs and Hartman, had actual knowledge of Plaintiff’s custody proceedings, directed any unconstitutional act, or implemented any policy that caused the alleged harm. [Dkt.

3 38 at 28-29; see also Dkt. 5 at 4]. Although Plaintiff objects that the supervisors knew jurisdiction had not been established [Dkt. 40 at 43], the objection is based on the erroneous premise that Judge Solis acted without subject matter jurisdiction.

6 Plaintiff objects to the Report’s analysis that she cannot obtain punitive damages against the County of Orange or the prosecutor Defendants. [Dkt. 40 at 45-46]. The Court agrees with the Report that municipalities and public entities are immune from punitive damages. [Dkt. 38 at 29]. To the extent that Plaintiff objects that punitive damages should be available against Defendants in their personal capacities for their “ultra vires action” [Dkt. 40 at 46], Plaintiff has failed to state a claim because it is based on the erroneous premise that subject matter jurisdiction was lacking.

13 Plaintiff objects to the Report’s analysis that the First Amended Complaint should be dismissed without leave to amend. [Dkt. 40 at 46-47]. The Court agrees that leave to amend is not warranted for several reasons. [Dkt. 38 at 30-31]. Plaintiff’s claims are barred by judicial immunity, prosecutorial immunity, Eleventh Amendment immunity, Younger abstention, and the Rooker-Feldman doctrine. Id. 18 Plaintiff objects to the Report’s analysis that her request for a temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction should be denied. [Dkt. 40 at 50-52]. The Court agrees with the Report that Plaintiff has not shown entitlement to such relief because she cannot possibly state a viable federal claim based on the facts alleged. [Dkt. 38 at 32].

22 Having conducted a de novo review, Plaintiff’s Objections do not cause this Court to alter or modify the Report and Recommendation. Accordingly, the Court accepts and adopts the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the Magistrate Judge.

25 IT IS ORDERED that: (1) the motions to dismiss filed by Judge Solis and the County Defendants are GRANTED [Dkts. 12, 14]; (2) the requests for judicial notice filed by Plaintiff and the County Defendants are GRANTED [Dkts. 15, 20, 24]; (3) Plaintiff’s motion for leave to file a sur-reply is GRANTED [Dkts. 29–30]; (4) Plaintiff’s First || Amended Complaint is DISMISSED WITHOUT LEAVE TO AMEND [Dkt. 5]; (5) || Plaintiff's Motion for Temporary Restraining Order and Preliminary Injunction is || DENIED [Dkt. 34]; and (6) this action is DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE.

4 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Clerk serve copies of this Order and the || Judgment herein on Plaintiff at Plaintiff's current address of record, as well as all parties || who have appeared in the action.

7 LET JUDGMENT BE ENTERED ACCORDINGLY.

10 || DATED: January 5, 2026 12 HON. SUNSHINE ANNE SYKES 1B UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE