Howe v. Union Insurance

California Supreme Court
Howe v. Union Insurance, 42 Cal. 528 (Cal. 1872)
Crockett, Wallace

Howe v. Union Insurance

Opinion of the Court

By the Court, Crockett, J.:

The plaintiff having commenced an action against one Mc-Cann, sued out an attachment therein, under which the defendant in this action was duly summoned as a garnishee. When thus summoned the defendant was indebted to McCann in the sum of one thousand dollars. Whilst the attachment and garnishment remained in force the plaintiff obtained a judgment against McCann for about the sum of one thousand four hundred dollars, on which judgment an execution was immediately issued and placed in the hands of the Sheriff, who, by virtue thereof, applied to the defendant in this action for the payment of the one thousand dollars previously attached; but this request was not complied with, and the money was not paid; nor did the Sheriff levy the-execution upon the fund in the hands of the defendant, supposing, from what transpired at the time, that the money would be paid in a day or two without an actual levy of the execution. Before any further step had been taken, and within less than four months from the time when the attachment was issued and served, proceedings were commenced in due form in the District Court of the United States against McCann, to have him declared a bankrupt; and, subsequently, in due time, the intervenor, Hyde, was duly appointed assignee of the bankrupt’s estate, and received an assignment thereof. By section fourteen of the Bankrupt Law of the United States it *533is provided that all attachments upon mesne process within four months before the commencement of the proceedings in bankruptcy shall be thereby dissolved, in case the defendant in the attachment be declared a bankrupt. Under this section it is clear that if the proceedings in bankruptcy bad been commenced before the plaintiff obtained his judgment against McCann, the attachment would have been dissolved and the plaintiff would have lost his lien upon the fund in the hands of the insurance company. It is equally clear that if the plaintiff had obtained his judgment, issued his execution thereon, and caused the same to be actually levied upon the fund before the proceedings in bankruptcy were commenced, he would have acquired a lien upon the fund which would not have been divested by.the proceedings in bankruptcy. In that case his lien would have accrued under final and not under mesne process, and would have been protected under section twenty of the Bankrupt Law. But inasmuch as the execution was not, in fact, levied, neither the judgment nor execution created any lien upon the fund other than that under which it had been previously held. If the insurance company had. paid the money to the Sheriff at the time when it was summoned as garnishee under the attachment, as it had the right to do, and if the plaintiff had thereafter obtained his judgment against McCann, and issued his execution and placed it in the Sheriff’s hands before the proceedings in bankruptcy were commenced, it would have been the duty of the Sheriff immediately to apply the money received under the attachment toward the satisfaction of the execution; and under section one hundred and thirty-two of the code the plaintiff would have acquired a lien under final process, within the meaning of section twenty of the Bank'rupt Law. But when there is no money or property in the hands of the Sheriff under the attachment prior to the judgment, I do not perceive how the mere fact that a judgment was rendered and an execution issued, but not levied, can *534haye the effect to convert the attachment lien upon a fund in the hands of a garnishee into a lien upon final process. It appears to me to be plain that in such a case the attachment lien remains, after the judgment and before the levy of the execution, precisely what it was before, to wit: an attachment under mesne process, and is therefore dissolved under section fourteen of the Bankrupt Law, by proceedings in bankruptcy commenced within four months after the attachment.

Judgment affirmed.

Concurring Opinion

Wallace, J., concurring specially:

I concur in the judgment and in the general views expressed by my associates. I am not satisfied, however, as maintained in the opinion of Mr. Justice Crockett, that the case would have been substantially different, even had the Sheriff actually received and held the money in the first instance, under the writ of attachment. It is suggested in the opinion that in such case the mere subsequent receipt of the writ of execution by the Sheriff would have, ipso facto, converted the attachment lien .into one under final process, even though the officer had, in reality, taken no step whatever in pursuance of the writ of execution.

This is supposed to result because it would, in such case, be the duty of the Sheriff to apply the money in his hands to the satisfaction of the execution. Though such, however, be his duty in that respect, he may, nevertheless, neglect to perform it, and in that case, should he take no step whatever pursuant to the writ of execution, it might be argued, with some degree of plausibility at least, that the money in his hands would still be held only by virtue of the attachment lien, under which it had been before then held. The question will, in my opinion, deserve consideration, should it arise in some future case; and, as it is not involved in the present *535controversy, I do not wish to be understood as expressing an opinion upon it.

Mr. Chief Justice Sprague did not participate in the decision of this case.

Reference

Full Case Name
HAYWARD H. HOWE v. UNION INSURANCE COMPANY
Cited By
5 cases
Status
Published
Syllabus
Attachment Lien Dissolved by Bankruptcy oe Debtor aeter Judgment. — Where Howe commenced an attachment suit against Mc-Cann, and garnished money of McCann’s in the Union Insurance Company, and afterwards recovered judgment and issued execution to the Sheriff, who, however, did not receive the money or actually levy the execution, and before any further steps, and within four months of the issuance of the attachment, proceedings in bankruptcy were commenced against McCann, and an assignee of his estate appointed: held, that the proceedings in bankruptcy dissolved the lien under the garnishment, and that neither the judgment nor execution, without an actual levy or receipt by the Sheriff of the money, would create any other lien. Judgment and Execution, without Levy, do not Convert Attachment Lien into “Lien under Final Process.”—In case of a garnishment in an attachment suit, the mere recovery of judgment and issuance of execution will not, without a receipt by the Sheriff of the property, or an actual levy of the execution, create any additional lien upon the fund garnished, nor convert the attachment lien into a “lien under final process,” within the meaning of section twenty of the Bankrupt Law.