Lewis v. Oliver
Lewis v. Oliver
Opinion of the Court
delivered the opinion of the court.
Grady Hill Lewis, plaintiff in error, rented an automobile from the ABC Auto and Truck Rental Company in Pueblo, Colorado, on the night of May 7, 1951. Beginning about 8:30 o’clock in the evening, he and one Algien drank several glasses of beer at different taverns in Pueblo; about 11:45 p.m. they arrived at Donahue’s Tavern where Melvin Oliver and Wanda Harp joined them; Lewis, Oliver and Wanda Harp obtained the keys for the rented automobile from Algein and left; Algein said he saw them driving away, but did not know who was driving the car. Algein testified that during the entire evening he and Lewis drank nine or ten beers each.
At about 1:00 o’clock a.m. on May 8, the rented automobile was being driven on a highway just outside of the city limits of Pueblo when it left the highway near a curve and struck a power-line pole on a dead-end street; the car was overturned; Wanda Harp was killed, and the Oliver boy seriously injured; Lewis also was injured. The latter two were taken to a hospital, and the Oliver boy died about two hours thereafter.
E. E. Oliver, father of Melvin, filed this action against Lewis and the auto rental company under the guest statute for the death of his son, alleging that Melvin Oliver was the son of plaintiff and one Edna Oliver, and that as a result of the accident and death of Melvin Oliver, plaintiff and the said Edna Oliver suffered the loss of his love, companionship and pecuniary loss, all in the sum of $10,000. Defendants answered, denying the general allegations of the complaint and set up the defenses of contributory negligence, assumption of risk and an unavoidable accident. At the trial there was no
For recovery under this statute, at least one of three conditions must be established, namely, intentional accident (if anyone knows what that means), accident caused by intoxication, or by negligence consisting of a wilful and wanton disregard of the rights of others.
In the first cause of action in the amended complaint herein is an allegation of carelessness, negligence and recklessness as the cause of the accident, and that the negligence consisted of a wilful and wanton disregard of the rights of others. In the second cause of action is an allegation that Lewis, defendant, had consumed intoxicating beverages, and that the accident was the result of his intoxication.
Plaintiff in error has set up nine specifications of error, eight of which, as determined from our examination of the record, have merit. These specifications are
It being abundantly clear that the judgment must be reversed, we consider it unnecessary to discuss all of the specifications, and, therefore, confine ourselves to the question of misconduct of counsel and the erroneous giving of instruction No. 2, which is an instruction on simple negligence. By this disposition of the case, we are relieved of detailing the evidence and some of its questionable sufficiency.
The result of the blood alcohol test said to have been made at the hospital was not introduced in evidence and there is no showing as to the failure to do so. When counsel for defendant (plaintiff in error here) was making his final argument to the jury and while commenting on this failure of plaintiff to produce said blood alcohol test, the attorney for plaintiff interrupted, and stated in the presence of the jury, in effect, that he had asked the nun at the hospital for the results of said alcohol test several times and that she had refused to give them to him, and that such results, if obtained, would have proven the intoxication of defendant. This was highly improper and unquestionably prejudicial, even though the court instructed the jury to disregard the statement. That is easy language and calls for what may be termed an unnatural mental reaction. The statement was sufficient to create an instant impression of guilt, and it is beyond the authority of any court to say that it did not, unconsciously, create a lasting prejudice in the mind of one or more jurors. If trial courts, upon the happening of such a circumstance, would declare a
Instruction No. 2 is as follows:
“The Court instructs the Jury that the mere happening of an accident is, in itself, no proof of negligence on the part of any of the parties involved herein, and no presumption of negligence arises from the happening of an accident alone.
“Negligence is the fáilure to observe for the protection of the interests of another person, that degree of care, precaution and vigilance which the circumstances justly demand, where such other person suffers injury. In other words, negligence is the want of that care and prudence which a person of ordinary intelligence would exercise under all of the circumstances of the case.
“Negligence is never presumed but must be proved by the evidence, the same as any other fact.”
This may be said to be an approved instruction on simple negligence, which as a separate instruction has no place in an action under the guest statute hereinbefore set out. Under that statute, the guest takes the risk of the driver’s simple negligence, but must recover, if at all, under one of the three essentials herein indicated, the wilful and wanton disregard feature unfortunately stated as negligence in the statute. We fail to see in what sense the word “negligence” as used in the statute has bearing, because we again say, if the accident was intentional, it was not negligence; if the accident was caused by intoxication, that is not negligence as such is referred to in the guest statute; and if the act was wilful and wanton, it is not negligence. All of the three elements are something more and beyond negligence as it is, and should be, ordinarily understood.
While the court,, by instructions Nos. 5 and 8, set out the so-called guest statute and gave a fair instruction thereon, still the instruction on simple negligence was
Mr. Chief Justice Stone concurs in the result.
070rehearing
On Petition for Rehearing.
Petition for rehearing stricken because of nonconformity with Rule 118 (c), R.C.P., Colo., concerning petitions for rehearing, as amended and adopted November 19, 1951, and February 12, 1953.
Reference
- Cited By
- 11 cases
- Status
- Published