Conway v. Town of Wilton
Conway v. Town of Wilton
Opinion of the Court
Opinion
This case, in which the plaintiff claims that she was injured while participating in a tennis tournament on municipally owned property, comes to us on remand from our Supreme Court. Conway v. Wilton, 238 Conn. 653, 680 A. 2d 242 (1996) (Conway II). The Supreme Court reversed our decision in Conway v. Wilton, 39 Conn. App. 280, 664 A.2d 327 (1995) (Conway I), in which we held that the trial court properly rendered summary judgment in favor of all of the defendants in light of Manning v. Barenz, 221 Conn. 256, 603 A.2d 399 (1992). In Manning, our Supreme Court determined that a municipality could be immune from
The relevant facts are set out in Conway II, supra, 238 Conn. 655. “The plaintiff, Amy Jeanne Conway,
In Conway II, the Supreme Court held that the word “owner,” as used in § 52-5571 (3), contains a latent ambiguity. After a comprehensive review of the legislative history, the court concluded that the legislature intended that “owner” means “private, not municipal, fee owners.” Id., 676. In addition, because municipalities “are in the business of providing parks, pools, ball fields, etcetera, the legislature had less incentive to dangle the carrot of immunity to encourage municipalities to do what they historically have always done.” Id., 671-72. “At the time the act was enacted, the legislature was interested in increasing the availability of land for public recreational use. . . . Consequently, municipalities would have had to identify additional land and pay large sums to purchase and maintain it in order to accomplish that goal had the legislation not succeeded. The legislature’s sole motive [in granting immunity] was
The association conducted the tennis tournament at a recreation facility owned by a municipality. On the basis of the municipal-private owner dichotomy that underpins Conway II, we conclude that it is necessary to know the nature of the association, its functions and its relationship to the municipality before we can determine whether the act applies.
The material fact about which the trial court found there was no genuine issue was whether the association was in control of the premises during the relevant time period. Such control was conceded
We are persuaded that Conway II creates other potential issues of material fact that are relevant to the question of immunity for the association. Whether the association is funded by municipalities, whether it performs municipal functions and whether it acts as an agent of the municipalities that it serves are among the factual issues that could be relevant in determining whether immunity is consistent with the purpose of the recreational use statute as interpreted by our Supreme Court.
The summary judgment in favor of the defendants is reversed and the case is remanded for further proceedings according to law.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.
General Statutes § 52-557f provides: “As used in sections 52-557f to 52-557i, inclusive:
“(1) ‘Charge’ means the admission price or fee asked in return for invitation or permission to enter or go upon the land;
“(2) ‘Land’ means land, roads, water, watercourses, private ways and buildings, structures, and machinery or equipment when attached to the realty;
“(8) ‘Owner’ means the possessor of a fee interest, a tenant, lessee, occupant or person in control of the premises;
“(4) ‘Recreational purpose’ includes, but is not limited to, any of the following, or any combination thereof: Hunting, fishing, swimming, boating, camping, picnicking, hiking, pleasure driving, nature study, water skiing, snow skiing, ice skating, sledding, hang gliding, sport parachuting, hot air ballooning and viewing or enjoying historical, archaeological, scenic or scientific sites.”
Section 52-557g provides: “(a) Except as provided in section 52-557h, an owner of land who makes all or any part of the land available to the public without charge, rent, fee or other commercial service for recreational purposes owes no duty of care to keep the land, or the part thereof so made available, safe for entry or use by others for recreational purposes, or to give any warning of a dangerous condition, use, structure or activity on the land to persons entering for recreational purposes.
“(b) Except as provided in section 52-557h, an owner of land who, either directly or indirectly, invites or permits without charge, rent, fee or other commercial service any person to use the land, or part thereof, for recreational purposes does not thereby: (1) Make any representation that the premises are safe for any purpose; (2) confer upon the person who enters or uses the land for recreational purposes the legal status of an invitee or licensee to whom a duty of care is owed; or (3) assume responsibility for or incur liability for any injury to person or property caused by an act or omission of the owner.
“(c) Unless otherwise agreed in writing, the provisions of subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall be deemed applicable to the duties and liability of an owner of land leased to the state or any subdivision thereof for recreational purposes.”
Section 52-557h provides: “Nothing in sections 52-557Í to 52-557Í, inclusive, limits in any way the liability of any owner of land which otherwise exists: (1) For wilful or malicious failure to guard or warn against a dangerous condition, use, structure or activity; (2) for injury suffered in any case where the owner of land charges the person or persons who enter or go on the land for the recreational use thereof, except that, in the case of land leased to the state or a subdivision thereof, any consideration received by the
Pursuant to the remand, we directed the parties to file supplemental briefs to address “(1) [w]hether [the association] is immune, under these circumstances, as an owner pursuant to General Statutes § 52-557g, in light of the Supreme Court’s [reversal of Manning v. Barenz, supra, 221 Conn. 256] and (2) [w]hether the record supplies this court with a sufficient factual predicate to determine whether [the association] is an owner pursuant to General Statutes § 52-557?”
During oral argument, the plaintiffs counsel made several statements conceding that the association was an owner. He stated that the association “was at one point an owner,” that it had “a very brief period of control,” and that the association took certain actions “while in control of the land.” Counsel also stated that the association’s duties were “prior to taking control of the land,” that “the time frame in which [the association] was an owner was quite narrow” and that the association’s “temporary status as owner should not confer immunity.”
We note that “[i]n carrying out a mandate of [the Supreme Court,, we are] limited to the specific direction of the mandate as interpreted in light of the opinion. . . . This is the guiding principle that [the Supreme Court] must observe. . . . [This] court should examine the mandate and the opinion of the reviewing court and proceed in conformity with the views expressed therein. . . Bauer v. Waste Management of Connecticut, Inc., 239 Conn. 515, 522, 686 A.2d 481 (1996), quoting West Haven Sound Development Corp. v. West Haven, 207 Conn. 308, 312, 541 A.2d 858 (1988).
Reference
- Full Case Name
- AMY JEANNE CONWAY v. TOWN OF WILTON
- Cited By
- 2 cases
- Status
- Published