Mroczek v. Kret
Mroczek v. Kret
Opinion of the Court
Opinion
In this personal injury action, the plaintiff, Zofia Mroczek, appeals from the judgment of the trial court, rendered after a juiy verdict in favor of the defendant, Tadeusz Kret. On appeal, the plaintiff claims that the court improperly barred her engineering expert from testifying that in his opinion, the area in which the plaintiff fell was unsafe.
On March 10,2000, the plaintiff instituted the present suit in which she claimed that the defendant’s negligence in maintaining the sloping walkway caused her to suffer personal injuries. At trial, she had the burden of proving, inter alia, that the sloping walkway on which she allegedly fell was unsafe. In her pretrial disclosures, the plaintiff provided notice of her intention to have an engineering expert, Morton Fine, testify at trial in regard to the condition of the sloping walkway. Shortly after receiving that disclosure, the defendant deposed Fine, who testified that in his opinion, the slope of the
The defendant subsequently filed a motion in limine seeking an order from the court precluding Fine from offering his opinion at trial that the sloping walkway was unsafe. The court granted the motion, ruling in relevant part that “the witness is not going to be permitted to give his opinion that the stairs were dangerous or that the stair’s landing should have been flat. It’s something that the jurors — matter of common knowledge.”
The trial took place in late October, 2002. During the plaintiffs case-in-chief, Fine testified regarding his measurements of the sloping walkway and offered various photographs of the walkway but, in accord with the court’s ruling on the defendant’s motion in limine, did not offer an opinion that the walkway was unsafe. Additionally, both the plaintiff and the defendant testified as to the physical characteristics of the area in question. After the jury returned a verdict in favor of the defendant and the court rendered judgment accordingly, the plaintiff brought this appeal. With that factual context in mind, we now turn to the merits of the plaintiffs claim.
It is well established that the court has broad discretion in ruling on the admissibility of opinion testimony, and “unless that discretion has been abused or the error is clear and involves a misconception of the law, its ruling will not be disturbed.” State v. Palmer, 196 Conn. 157, 166, 491 A.2d 1075 (1985); Mack v. Lavalley, 55 Conn. App. 150, 156-57, 738 A.2d 718, cert. denied, 251 Conn. 928, 742 A.2d 363 (1999). For the reasons set forth, we conclude that in the present case, the court did not abuse its discretion in precluding Fine’s opinion testimony.
Our Supreme Court has held that “in cases involving questions of science and skill, or relating to some art or
Our review of the record reveals that Fine admitted at his deposition that his opinion was not based on any objective standards.
Under those circumstances, we conclude that the court did not abuse its discretion in precluding Fine’s testimony. As a consequence, the plaintiffs claim must fail.
The judgment is affirmed.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.
The plaintiff also claims that the court abused its discretion by refusing to submit her proposed interrogatories to the jury and that that refusal unnecessarily subjected her appellate claims to the general verdict rule.
“ ‘A party desiring to avoid the effects of the general verdict rule may elicit the specific grounds for the verdict by submitting interrogatories to the jury.’ Finley v. Aetna Life & Casualty Co., [202 Conn. 190, 203, 520 A.2d 208 (1987), overruled in part on other grounds, Curry v. Burns, 225 Conn. 782, 786, 626 A.2d 719 (1993)]. It follows that where the court has denied a proper request for interrogatories ... the general verdict rule does not apply so as to preclude appellate review of error relating to any ground upon which the jury may have rested its verdict and to which an appropriate interrogatory has been directed.” Pedersen v. Vahidy, 209 Conn. 510, 514, 552 A.2d 419 (1989).
Although we emphasize that the court has broad discretion in deciding whether to submit interrogatories to the jury, we also recognize that “the use of interrogatories has long been accepted practice in this state, and that their use to avoid the implications of a general verdict has long been favored by this court.” Gaulton v. Reno Paint & Wallpaper Co., 177 Conn. 121, 125, 412 A.2d 311 (1979). As a response to the plaintiffs third proposed interrogatory would have aided this court in divining the basis for the jury’s verdict for the defendant, it was proper and should have been submitted. We conclude, therefore, that the general verdict rule does not apply to preclude review of the plaintiffs remaining claim.
At Ms deposition Fine gave the following relevant testimony:
“[The Defendant’s Counsel]: So, your opinion is that there is a slope in the Macktop that renders it unsafe?
“[The Witness]: Yes.
“[The Defendant’s Counsel]: Okay. Did you check to see if the . . . bmld-ing code has a section applicable to the slope that you find defective?
“[The Witness]: I could not find a specific reference to tMs type of a situation.
“[The Defendant’s Counsel]: Did you check to see if the life safety code, to see if there is a code section governing the slope that you found defective?
“[The Witness]: Not a specific item that addresses this particular issue.
“[The Defendant’s Counsel]: Okay. So, then isn’t it true that there are not building or safety code sections that apply to the area that you found defective?
“[The Witness]: I don’t think the building code or life safety code applies to this particular situation.
“[The Defendant’s Counsel]: And isn’t it true that you were unable to find any budding or safety code violations in the area that you were told [the plaintiff] fell?
“[The Witness]: Not any specific code violations, no.”
In regard to his opimon that the area where the plaintiff fell was unsafe, Fine further testified that his opinion was not based on any specific code sections:
“[The Defendant’s Counsel]: Let me ask the question again just so we understand. Your opimon is not based on any objective code, correct?
“[The Witness]: I guess the answer is no.
“[The Defendant’s Counsel]: Your opimon that the area is unsafe is not based on any specific code section that applies?
“[The Witness]: I tMnk that’s correct.”
We note that although the court also used the phrase “ultimate issue” in rendering its decision, it is clear from our review of the transcript in its
See footnote 2.
We further note that our Supreme Court has held, in a similar factual context, that it was not improper to have the finder of fact decide the safety of a ramp without the aid of an expert. In Lunny v. Pepe, 116 Conn. 684, 165 A. 552 (1933), the plaintiff brought an action for damages for injuries she received in walking off a ramp in the defendant’s store. A salient issue at trial was whether the ramp was reasonably safe. The court, acting as the finder of fact, personally inspected the ramp and ultimately reached a conclusion that the ramp was unsafe. Id., 687. On appeal, our Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the trial court and declared that “[t]he question whether or not the ramp was reasonably safe under all the circumstances was not a matter resting wholly upon the testimony of expert witnesses, but one upon which a non-expert might reasonably reach an opinion founded upon his personal knowledge.” Id. Although we recognize that Ininny does not stand for the proposition that it would invariably be improper to admit opinion testimony in such a circumstance, its holding buttresses our conclusion that it was not an abuse of discretion for the court to exclude an opinion on an issue within the contemplated knowledge and experience of ordinary people.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.