Engram v. Kraft
Engram v. Kraft
Opinion of the Court
Opinion
The plaintiff, John Engram, appeals from the summary judgment rendered by the trial court in favor of the defendant Carlton Kraft.
The following facts, as set forth in the plaintiffs complaint, and the exhibits attached to the defendant’s motion for summary judgment are relevant to the resolution of this appeal. The plaintiff was involved in a motor vehicle accident with the codefendant, Mary
The defendant filed a motion for summary judgment, arguing that although Hardy is presumed to be his agent pursuant to § 52-183, he had successfully rebutted that presumption, eliminating all possible issues of material fact. In support of his motion for summary judgment, the defendant supplied the court with an affidavit attesting that he had not known Hardy, the driver, at the time of the accident, had never seen her and was not related to her. He also avowed that he had not given Alexander, his former friend, permission to use his vehicle. The defendant submitted a transcript of his
The defendant argued, on the basis of the evidence that he had presented, that the court could not find a genuine issue of material fact regarding whether Hardy or Alexander ever had his permission to operate his vehicle. Without his permission, he argued, neither of the two women legally could be found to have been acting as his agents. The court granted the defendant’s motion for summary judgment, stating that it had reviewed the defendant’s statement to his insurance company, the West Hartford police accident report and the defendant’s deposition testimony and affidavit, and reached the conclusion that “[t]he evidence offered by the defendant cannot rationally be disbelieved.”
We begin by setting forth the relevant standard of review. “The standard of review of a trial court’s decision granting summary judgment is well established. Practice Book § 17-49 provides that summary judgment shall be rendered forthwith if the pleadings, affidavits and any other proof submitted show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. In deciding a motion for summary judgment, the trial court must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the
The resolution of this appeal hinges on our determination of the proper application of § 52-183 to the defendant’s motion for summary judgment. At the outset, we set forth the well established mechanics of the burdens imposed on the parties by the presumption. “Section 52-183 . . . provides that the defendant, that is, the owner of the vehicle, bears the burden of rebutting the presumption. With respect to the latter provision, [t]his court has repeatedly held that our statute goes further than merely establishing a presumption, in that it expressly places upon the defendant the burden of introducing evidence to rebut the presumption created by the statute. Moreover, that presumption is not ousted simply by the introduction of any evidence to the contrary.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Matthiessen v. Vanech, 266 Conn. 822, 837, 836 A.2d 394 (2003). “The presumption ceases to be operative when the trier finds proven facts which fairly put in issue the question, and the burden of proving that the car . . . was operated by an agent of the owner . . . then rests upon the plaintiff; if no evidence relevant to the issue is produced, or, if countervailing evidence is produced but the trier does not believe it, the presumption applies, and the
In the present case, the defendant produced his statement to his insurance company, his affidavit, his deposition testimony, the police accident report and the incident report that he filed with the Meriden police to rebut the statutory presumption of agency. The plaintiff argued in opposition to the defendant’s motion for summary judgment that, because the court would have to rely solely on the defendant’s statements in determining that permission had not been granted for the use of his vehicle, which requires a determination of credibility, summary judgment was inappropriate. The plaintiff did not provide the court with any counteraffidavits and explained to the court at oral argument on the motion that he could locate neither Hardy nor Alexander.
Both parties have cited Bogart v. Tucker, 164 Conn. 277, 320 A.2d 803 (1973), in support of their arguments as to whether this case properly was disposed of by way of summary judgment. The defendant relies on the following language set forth in Bogart in support of his argument that summary judgment properly was granted: “[T]he only basis on which the defendant . . . could succeed in . . . [removing] the issue from the jury’s consideration, would involve rebuttal evidence of such a nature that it could not rationally be disbelieved.” Id., 282. The court in the present case did not file a formal memorandum of decision, but rather wrote a few explanatory sentences directly on the defendant’s motion. In those few sentences, the court stated that, after it had reviewed all of the defendant’s supporting evidence, it concluded that the evidence could not “rationally be disbelieved.” The defendant argues that the court properly determined that the evidence he provided in support of his motion could not rationally be disbelieved, and, therefore, the issue properly was removed from the jury’s consideration. We disagree.
Although the defendant in the present case produced several different mediums through which he evinced his denial of consent, we determine that the cumulative force of the evidence resulted in a mere assertion that he never gave consent to Alexander to use his vehicle. The fact that the plaintiff did not produce any evidence to prove an agency relationship is of no consequence. As our Supreme Court articulated in Koops v. Gregg, supra, 130 Conn. 188, if countervailing evidence is produced to rebut the presumption “but the trier does not believe it, the presumption applies, and the plaintiff is entitled to have the issue found in his favor.” We also are guided by our Supreme Court’s reasoning in Bogart, particularly the following trenchant analysis: “Since the
The fact that the plaintiff presented no evidence to support his theory of agency does not preclude the issue from being decided by a jury. Rather, it is only after the trier of fact has found that the defendant’s evidence is credible that the presumption ceases to operate and the plaintiff is burdened with producing evidence to establish the agency relationship. We conclude that the court in the present case improperly drew its own conclusion as to the credibility of the defendant’s testimony rather than submitting the issue to the jury.
The judgment is reversed and the case is remanded for further proceedings in accordance with law.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.
Also named as a defendant was Mary Hardy, the operator of Kraft's vehicle. Because Hardy is not a party to this appeal, we refer to Kraft as the defendant.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.