State v. Hansen
State v. Hansen
Opinion of the Court
Opinion
On February 11, 2010, the defendant, John S. Hansen, pleaded guilty to attempt to commit larceny in the third degree, larceny in the sixth degree, identity theft in the third degree, forgery in the second degree, and assault in the third degree. In exchange for those guilty pleas, entered pursuant to a Garvin agreement,
On appeal, the defendant challenges the constitutionality of the Garvin agreement and claims that the court erred in failing to inquire into a possible conflict of interest between him and his attorney. The defendant failed to preserve his claims, which we set forth in greater detail below, before the trial court and now seeks review under State v. Golding, 213 Conn. 233, 239-40, 567 A.2d 823 (1989). We review his claims because the record is adequate for review and the claims are of constitutional magnitude. See State v. Reynolds, 126 Conn. App. 291, 298, 11 A.3d 198 (2011). Because, however, we conclude that no constitutional violation exists, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
I
The defendant first claims that the Garvin agreement violated his due process rights because its terms did not afford him an opportunity to contest any alleged violations of that agreement. The state opposes the defendant’s claim in substance, but also contends that the claim is moot because, since the date of his sentencing, the defendant pleaded guilty to the failure to appear charges, which were based upon the failure to appear in court for his sentencing on April 29, 2010. On the basis of those guilty pleas, the state claims that there
Turning to the substance of the issues on appeal, the defendant first claims that his Garvin agreement violated his constitutional right to due process in that it failed to provide that he would be afforded the opportunity to contest any allegations that he breached either of the conditions of that agreement.
“It is axiomatic that unless a plea of guilty is made knowingly and voluntarily, it has been obtained in violation of due process and is therefore voidable. ... A plea of guilty is, in effect, a conviction, the equivalent of a guilty verdict by a jury. ... In choosing to plead guilty, the defendant is waiving several constitutional rights, including his privilege against self-incrimination, his right to trial by jury, and his right to confront his accusers.” (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Andrews, 253 Conn. 497, 502-503, 752 A.2d 49 (2000).
“The . . . constitutional essentials for the acceptance of a plea of guilty are included in our rules and*776 . . . provide that the trial court must not accept a guilty plea without first addressing the defendant personally in open court and determining that the defendant fully understands the [plea] and that the plea is made voluntarily .... There is no requirement, however, that the defendant be advised of every possible consequence of such a plea. . . . Although a defendant must be aware of the direct consequences of a plea, the scope of direct consequences is very narrow. ... In Connecticut, the direct consequences of a defendant’s plea include only the mandatory minimum and maximum possible sentences . . . the maximum possible consecutive sentence . . . the possibility of additional punishment imposed because of previous conviction(s) . . . and the fact that the particular offense does not permit a sentence to be suspended. . . . The failure to inform a defendant as to all possible indirect and collateral consequences does not render a plea unintelligent or involuntary in a constitutional sense.” (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) Id., 504-506. It is equally well settled that “due process requires that the defendant be given the opportunity to contest the evidence upon which the trial court relies for sentencing purposes . . . .” State v. Stevens, 278 Conn. 1, 12, 895 A.2d 771 (2006).
There is no basis in law, however, for the defendant’s claim that when a defendant enters into a Garvin agreement, the court must explain all of the findings that it would later need to make, and all of the procedures that it would later need to follow, if he were alleged to have violated that agreement. Nor is there any requirement that the court inform the defendant that it will adhere to the constitutional mandates of due process in conducting those proceedings.
The defendant’s claim that the Garvin agreement violated his due process rights, in that it did not provide that he could contest any allegation that he breached
II
The defendant also contends that the trial court deprived him of conflict-free representation by failing to inquire into a possible conflict of interest between himself and his attorney. In so arguing, the defendant contends that the court had an obligation, sua sponte, to explore the possible existence of such a conflict because it knew or reasonably should have known that a conflict existed. We disagree.
We begin our analysis of the defendant’s claim by setting forth the applicable standard of review. “Almost without exception, we have required that a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel must be raised by way of habeas corpus, rather than by direct appeal, because
“The sixth amendment to the United States constitution as applied to the states through the fourteenth amendment, and article first, § 8, of the Connecticut constitution, guarantee to a criminal defendant the right to [the] effective assistance of counsel. . . . Where a constitutional right to counsel exists . . . there is a correlative right to representation that is free from conflicts of interest.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Cator, 256 Conn. 785, 793, 781 A.2d 285 (2001). “There are two circumstances under which a trial court has a duty to inquire with respect to a conflict of interest: (1) when there has been a timely conflict objection at trial ... or (2) when the trial court knows or reasonably should know that a particular conflict exists . . . .” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Id., 793-94; State v. Thompson, 118 Conn. App. 140, 146-47, 983 A.2d 20 (2009), cert. denied, 294 Conn. 932, 986 A.2d 1057 (2010).
The defendant claims that the court should have known of a conflict because “[t]rial counsel was clearly involved in events that led to his . . . failure to
The judgment is affirmed.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.
“A Garvin agreement is a conditional plea agreement that has two possible binding outcomes, one that results from the defendant’s compliance with the conditions of the plea agreement and one that is triggered by his violation of a condition of the agreement. See State v. Garvin, [242 Conn. 296, 300-302, 699 A.2d 921 (1997)].” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Petaway, 107 Conn. App. 730, 732 n.2, 946 A.2d 906, cert. denied, 289 Conn. 926, 958 A.2d 162 (2008).
The defendant’s claim that the Garvin agreement was unconstitutional would seem to suggest that he is seeking to withdraw that plea, but he is not. Rather, he is asking this court to vacate his sentence and remand the case to the trial court with direction to impose the sentence agreed to in the original plea agreement.
In finding that the defendant breached the Garvin agreement, the court rejected his excuse for not appearing at the April 29, 2010 proceeding. We note that the defendant did not claim before the trial court, and does not claim on appeal, that his failure to appear was based upon circumstances beyond his control.
The defendant claims that: “Trial counsel had a potential conflict of interest because he could not effectively challenge whether or not his client was fully informed of the failure to appear at the sentencing hearing without asserting that he was ineffective in the way he advised his client.”
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.