UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK DONNA L. FRIEDEBERG, Plaintiff, 1:25-CV-3997 (LTS) -against- TRANSFER ORDER T.J. MAXX OF 624 WEST MAIN ST, NORWICH, CT, Defendant. LAURA TAYLOR SWAIN, Chief United States District Judge: Plaintiff Donna L. Friedeberg, of Norwich, Connecticut, brings this pro se action asserting claims against “T.J. Maxx of 624 West Main St, Norwich, CT.” (“T.J. Maxx”).1 Her claims appear to arise from a purchase she made in a T.J. Maxx store located in Norwich, Connecticut. For the following reasons, the Court transfers this action to the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut. DISCUSSION The appropriate venue provision for Plaintiff’s claims is found at

(b), which provides that, unless otherwise provided by law, a federal civil action may be brought in: (1) a judicial district in which any defendant resides, if all defendants are residents of the State in which the district is located; (2) a judicial district in which a substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claim occurred, or a substantial part of property that is the subject of the action is situated, or (3) if there is no district in which an action may otherwise be brought as provided in this section, any judicial district in which any defendant is subject to the court’s personal jurisdiction with respect to such action.

(b). For venue purposes, a “natural person” resides in the judicial district where the person is domiciled, and any other “entity with the capacity to sue and be sued,” if a

1 Plaintiff’s complaint is not signed. defendant, resides in any judicial district where it is subject to personal jurisdiction with respect to the civil action in question. § 1391(c)(1), (2). Plaintiff alleges facts showing that, by virtue of having a store located in Norwich, Connecticut, T.J. Maxx resides in Connecticut. (ECF 1, at 1-2.) She does not allege any facts, however, as to whether T.J. Maxx also resides within this judicial district.2 The State of

Connecticut constitutes one federal judicial district. See

. Thus, while it is unclear that this court is a proper venue for this action under Section 1391(b)(1), it is clear that the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut is a proper venue for this action under that provision. Plaintiff, who resides in Norwich, Connecticut, within the District of Connecticut, see

seems to also allege that a substantial part of the events that are the bases for her claims occurred within that judicial district. (ECF 1, at 1-2.) She further alleges that a Roman Catholic bishop in New York was somehow involved with at least some of the actions that are the bases for her claims (see id.), but she does not specify where within the State of New York that bishop is

located. Thus, while it is also unclear that this court is a proper venue for this action under Section 1391(b)(2), it is clear that the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut is a proper venue for this action under that provision as well. Under

(a), even if a civil action is filed in a federal district court where venue is proper, a court may transfer the action to any other federal district court where it might have been brought “[f]or the convenience of parties and witnesses, in the interest of justice.” 28

2 This judicial district, the Southern District of New York, is comprised of the following New York State counties: (1) New York (New York City Borough of Manhattan); (2) Bronx (New York City Borough of the Bronx); (3) Westchester; (4) Dutchess; (5) Rockland; (6) Orange; (7) Putnam; and (8) Sullivan. See

(b). U.S.C. § 1404(a). In determining whether transfer is appropriate, courts consider the following ten factors: (1) the convenience of witnesses; (2) the convenience of the parties; (3) the locus of operative facts; (4) the availability of process to compel the attendance of unwilling witnesses; (5) the location of relevant documents and the relative ease of access to sources of proof; (6) the

relative means of the parties; (7) the forum’s familiarity with the governing law; (8) the weight accorded to the plaintiff’s choice of forum; (9) trial efficiency; and (10) the interest of justice, based on the totality of circumstances. Keitt v. N.Y. City,

(S.D.N.Y. 2011); see also N.Y. Marine and Gen. Ins. Co. v. LaFarge N. Am., Inc.,

(2d Cir. 2010) (setting forth similar factors). Under Section 1404(a), transfer appears to be appropriate for this action. Because Plaintiff seems to allege that a substantial part of the events giving rise to her claims occurred within the District of Connecticut, it is reasonable to expect that relevant documents and witnesses would also be located within that judicial district. The United States District Court for the District of Connecticut, which is a proper venue for Plaintiff’s claims under Section

1391(b)(1) and (2), therefore, appears to be a more convenient forum for this action. Accordingly, the Court transfers this action to that court. See § 1404(a) D.H. Blair & Co. v. Gottdiener,

, 106 (2d Cir. 2006) (“District courts have broad discretion in making determinations of convenience under Section 1404(a) and notions of convenience and fairness are considered on a case-by-case basis.”). CONCLUSION The Court directs the Clerk of Court to transfer this action to the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut. See

(a). Whether Plaintiff should be permitted to proceed further without prepayment of fees is a determination to be made by the transferee court. A summons shall not issue from this court. This order closes this action in this court. The Court certifies, under

(a)(3), that any appeal from this order would not be taken in good faith and, therefore, in forma pauperis status is denied for the purpose of an

appeal. See Coppedge v. United States,

(1962). SO ORDERED. Dated: May 30, 2025 New York, New York

/s/ Laura Taylor Swain LAURA TAYLOR SWAIN Chief United States District Judge