Northeastern Pharmaceutical & Chemical Co. v. Heffernan
Northeastern Pharmaceutical & Chemical Co. v. Heffernan
Opinion of the Court
The plaintiff appealed the defendant’s assessment of a tax deficiency for fiscal year
Neither the facts nor the commissioner’s assessment of the tax due, provided he prevails on the law, are disputed by the parties. The sole issue on appeal is whether the plaintiff corporation maintained “a permanent or continuous place of business without the state, other than its statutory office”
The trial court heard no evidence. The parties stipulated to the facts and the trial court ordered
It is uncontroverted that during fiscal 1973, Northeastern maintained a place of business in Connecticut. The corporation filed two tax returns for that year in Connecticut. In its original tax return, Northeastern computed its net income as a multistate corporation which is permitted to allocate taxes owed between Connecticut and other states based on the proportion of business carried on within Connecticut. One of the statutory limitations on the manner in which a multistate corporation may allocate its tax burden among two or more states concerns the allocations of “net gains or losses from sales, scrappage, abandonment, book write-offs or rentals of tangible assets held, owned or used in connection with the trade or business of the taxpayer but not for sale or rent in the regular course of business.” Section 12-218 (2) provides in part that these net gains and losses “shall be allocated to the state [of Connecticut] if the property ... is situated in the state at the time of the sale, scrappage, abandonment or write-off or during the rental thereof, otherwise such net gains or losses shall be allocated outside the state.”
In its amended tax return, Northeastern claimed that its net income for the fiscal year was entirely attributable to Connecticut. Northeastern deducted losses on the transfer of its machinery and equipment in Missouri. This it claimed it was entitled to do under General Statutes §§ 12-213 and 12-217
The finding states that the parties’ stipulation of facts is to be included in the record on appeal and printed.
Briefly stated, the stipulation recites that beginning in 1966 Northeastern had executive offices in Connecticut and a plant in Missouri. In December, 1971, Northeastern dismissed all of its production employees and ceased all operations in its Missouri plant, except winding up its affairs which required further negotiations concerning payments due on the machinery and rent for which Northeastern was in default. This abrupt action was necessitated by the United States Food and Drug Administration’s issuance of regulations in December, 1971, which severely restricted the use of hexaehlorophene, Northeastern’s only product. One of Northeastern’s
In its brief, Northeastern contends that it had no permanent or continuous place of business in Missouri during fiscal 1973, which ran from October 1, 1972, to September 30, 1973. Yet the trial court found, and the corporation concedes, that the losses it recognized were incurred on the transfer of machinery and equipment located in Missouri on November 17, 1972. Northeastern claims that the mere presence of property within a state does not subject the owner to corporation business taxes.
In Colonial Pipeline Co. v. Traigle, 421 U.S. 100, 95 S. Ct. 1538, 44 L. Ed. 2d 1 (1975), the United States Supreme Court upheld Louisiana’s tax on “the privilege of carrying on or doing business” in the state as applied to the plaintiff Delaware corporation whose only activity in Louisiana was its ownership and maintenance of a 258-mile pipeline which ran through the state. The corporation maintained no administrative offices or personnel in Louisiana. It did no intrastate business in Louisiana. Colonial Pipeline Company’s only activity in Louisiana consisted of a work force of 25 to 30 mechanics, electricians and other workers who inspected and maintained the pipes to keep liquified petroleum products flowing through a 3400-mile pipeline from Houston, Texas to New York City. Colonial Pipeline Co. v. Traigle, supra, 109-110. The court said that the privileges, powers, protec
Therefore, since the state of Missouri could have imposed its annual corporation franchise tax on Northeastern because the corporation kept personal property in Missouri during fiscal 1973; Mo. Ann. Stat. § 147.010.2 (Yernon) ;
In view of the courts’ holdings in Colonial Pipeline Co., supra, and Olympia Brewing Co., supra, the trial court could legally have concluded the following. Northeastern’s personal property in Missouri has no substantial nexus with Connecticut, but only with Missouri. General Statutes § 12-218 fairly apportioned the corporation’s loss on its Missouri property to the state of Missouri and not to Connecticut. The Connecticut corporate business tax act did not discriminate against interstate commerce because § 12-218 allocates both gains and losses from the disposition of out-of-state property to the state where it is located. Since Northeastern offered no evidence to show that Connecticut conferred upon it any privileges, powers, protections or benefits with regard to its Missouri property, the corporation’s loss deduction for that property was not fairly related to services provided by this state. Although the trial court did not articulate these grounds for sustaining the commissioner’s
The plaintiff’s second and the only remaining assignment of error concerns the trial court’s failure to accept its claims of law. Since these claims asserted the opposite of the court’s conclusions discussed above, there is no error for the reasons already stated.
There is no error.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.
The plaintiff’s appeal was filed under General Statutes § 12-237.
General Statutes § 12-218, on September 30, 1973, provided in part: “allocation or apportionment op net income, allocation op certain net gains and losses. If a taxpayer does not maintain a permanent or continuous place of business without the state, other than its statutory office, its entire net income shall be subject to tax in this state. If the taxpayer maintains a permanent or continuous place of business without the state, the business tax shall be imposed on a base which reasonably represents the proportion of the trade or business carried on within the state.”
This statute was amended by Public Acts 1973, No. 73-350 §§ 9, 27. The amendments, however, are irrelevant to the issues discussed herein for two reasons. First, § 27 of Public Acts 1973, No. 73-350 provided that the amendments applied to fiscal years which began on or after January 1, 1973. Second, the amended portions of the statute do not include those portions relied on by the parties in this ease.
On September 30, 1973, § 12-213 defined net income as follows: “net earnings received during the income year and available for contributors of capital, whether they are creditors or stockholders, computed by subtracting from gross income the deductions allowed by the terms of section 12-217
Section 12-217 provided: “In arriving at net income as defined in section 12-213, whether or not the taxpayer is taxable under the federal corporation net income tax, there shall be deducted from gross income all items deductible under the federal corporation net income tax law effective and in force on the last day of the income year, except (1) federal taxes on income or profits, losses of other calendar or fiscal years, . . . interest received from federal, state and local government securities, if any such deductions are allowed by the federal government, and (2) interest paid during the income year . . .
1.E.C. §165 provides in relevant part: “losses (a) General rule.-There shall be allowed as a deduction any loss sustained during the taxable year and not compensated for by insurance or otherwise, (b) Amount of deduction.-For purposes of subsection (a), the basis for determining the amount of the deduction for any loss shall be the adjusted basis provided in section 1011 for determining the loss from the sale or other disposition of property.”
This statute, as it existed when the plaintiff filed its tax return for fiscal 1973, was last amended on August 29; 1972, by Pub. L. No. 92-418 § 2, 86 Stat. 656, 657.
The parties filed their first stipulation of facts with the trial court on June 27, 1977. This stipulation includes a brief review of the plaintiff’s corporate history from its incorporation in 1966 to its filing of the original and amended tax returns for the 1973 fiscal year. The parties filed a supplemental stipulation on December 28, 1977. There they stipulated that the president of Northeastern would testify, in essence, that the corporation did no business in Missouri during the fiscal year in question. The trial court ordered both the original and the supplemental stipulation to be included in the record. In this appeal we treat them as one stipulation.
“[Mo. Ann. Stat. (Vernon)] 147.010. annual franchise tax, rate, minimum — exceptions .... 2. Every foreign corporation engaged in business in this i state whether under a certificate of authority issued under chapter 351, RSMo, or not, shall pay an annual franchise tax to the state of Missouri equal to that levied in subsection 1 of this section on the par value of its outstanding shares and surplus employed in busiiess in this state, or if the outstanding shares of such corporation o|r any part thereof consist of shares without par value, then, in that event, for the purposes herein contained, such shares shall be considered as having a value of five dollars per share, unless the actual value of such shares should exceed five dollars per share, in whjch case the tax shall be levied and collected on the actual value pmd the surplus, and for the purposes in this chapter such corporation shall be deemed to have employed in this state that proportion of its entire outstanding shares and surplus that its property andj assets in this state bears to all its property and assets wherever located. . .
U.S. Const., art. I § 8.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Northeastern Pharmaceutical and Chemical Company, Inc. v. Gerald J. Heffernan, Tax Commissioner of the State of Connecticut
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- 1 case
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- Published