Hayward v. Overholser
Hayward v. Overholser
Opinion of the Court
Oswald J. Hayward was indicted in 1959 for forging and uttering. Upon motion of his counsel he was examined at St. Elizabeth’s Hospital in October, 1959, and found incompetent to stand trial. In June of 1960 he was certified as competent to assist in his defense and was ordered to trial in the District Court. Hayward waived his right to trial by jury and interposed the defense of insanity. The criminal jacket
On October 26, 1960, less than three months after his hospitalization, Hayward was permitted to file his first application for a Writ of Habeas Corpus. In substance, he alleged that he was receiving no treatment at St. Elizabeth’s Hospital. From that allegation he concluded that he required no further institutional care and requested this Court to order at least his conditional release. The Writ was issued in due course and able counsel was appointed to represent petitioner.
The hearing on the Writ came before me on November 14, 1960. Prior to offering any evidence, petitioner’s counsel orally requested that this Court appoint an independent psychiatrist to examine petitioner and to report to the Court with reference to his mental condition. Counsel further requested that the Court not rule on the motion until the end of the hearing. At that time I noted the legal insufficiency of petitioner’s pro se petition and denied the motion for independent medical evaluation.
Petitioner then took the stand. During the course of direct examination
The Government then called to the stand Dr. David Owens, a psychiatrist on the staff of St. Elizabeth’s Hospital.
After hearing this testimony, the Court dismissed the petition and remanded the petitioner to the custody of the respondent.
On November 28, 1960, I received a letter from petitioner through Chief Judge Pine. In his communication petitioner refers to a newspaper report of the recent decision of our Court of Appeals in Curry v. Overholser.
“Appellant, an indigent, argues that he is handicapped * * * by not having available to him private psychiatrists to testify as to his present mental condition. We recognize this difficulty and dealt with it, in De Marcos v. Overholser, 78 U.S. App.D.C. 131, 137 F.2d 698, certiorari denied 1943, 320 U.S. 785, 64 S.Ct. 157, 88 L.Ed. 472, and Overholser v. De Marcos, 80 U.S.App.D.C. 91, 149 F.2d 23, certiorari denied 1945, 325 U.S. 889, 65 S.Ct. 1579, 89 L.Ed. 2002. In these cases, we said that ‘an inmate of St. Elizabeth’s Hospital petitioning for habeas corpus might demand the expert testimony of members of the Commission on Mental Health, or that the Court on its own motion might require it. This gives any inmate of St. Elizabeth’s the protection of a diagnosis by independent experts.’ See 80 U. S.App.D.C. at page 93, 149 F.2d at page 25. We think this relief is available to all indigent inmates of the hospital including those committed under Section 24-301.”9
The above quoted language, .considered in the light of petitioner’s recent demand that his habeas corpus proceeding be reopened and that he be provided a diagnosis by independent experts, requires that I decide whether the Curry case makes mandatory the utilization of independent psychiatric testimony
In my opinion the Curry case does no more than reaffirm the trial court’s discretion in seeking the aid of the members of the Mental Health Commission whenever the circumstances of a particular case indicate that independent psychiatric evaulation is necessary. In the first De Marcos case the Court of Appeals clearly recognized “ * * * a discretion in the court to require the Commission’s expert assistance in a case in which, by reason of his poverty, a petitioner is unable to secure the testimony of other professional witnesses.”
In my opinion the appointment of a member of the Mental Health Commission to conduct a mental examination of an applicant for habeas corpus relief is required only when testimony by members of the Hospital Staff leaves some doubt in the mind of the Court as to petitioner’s eligibility for release. Such independent testimony might also be required upon a showing that the staff at St. Elizabeth’s are incompetent to render a proper opinion in a particular case. In
Further, as a practical matter, mandatory examination of applicants for habeas corpus relief by members of the Commission on Mental Health would impose an intolerable burden upon the Mental Health Commission and upon the administration of our insanity laws. The Court of Appeals itself recognized this problem as far back as the second De Marcos case.
Under the facts of the instant case, it is clear that petitioner was not entitled to an independent examination by a member of the Mental Health Commission. His pro se application for the Writ contained nothing which would justify such an examination prior to hearing. The hearing itself and testimony from petitioner’s own lips clearly indicates that independent examination was unnecessary. Neither petitioner nor his counsel alleged that any member of the Staff of St. Elizabeth’s Hospital was arbitrary or capricious. Petitioner, in fact, generally agreed with the testimony of Dr. Owens. In such circumstances, independent psychiatric examination would have served no useful purpose. Accordingly, petitioner’s Motion to reopen the Habeas Corpus proceeding and his Motion for the appointment of an independent psychiatric expert are denied.
. U. S. v. Hayward, Cr. No. 497-59.
. Transcript, pages 5-9.
. Transcript, page 7.
. Transcript, page 8.
. This same Doctor was subpoenaed by the petitioner as a defense witness at the time of his trial. Apparently petitioner did not question the Doctor’s diagnosis at that time.
. Dr. Owens explained in detail the manifestations of this illness in petitioner. Even while undergoing treatment petitioner and several other inmates attempted to defraud a Stamp Company of over $3000 under the guise of developing recreational activity.
. D.C.Cir., 1960, 287 F.2d 137.
. As an alternative petitioner requests leave to appeal. He is, of course, free to appeal by paying the proper fees and costs. I cannot, however, consider Ms
. 287 F.2d at page 137.
. It is clear that this Court possesses no authority to appoint a private psychiatrist to examine petitioner and testify at his Habeas Corpus hearing. See De Marcos v. Overholser, 78 U.S.App.D.C. 131, 132, 137 F.2d 698, 699. In substance then any appointment of independent medical experts would have to be ,made from among those members of the Medical profession who was subject to the authority of the Court by reason of their membership on the Commission for Mental Health.
. 78 U.S.App.D.C. at page 133, 137 F.2d at page 700.
. See Overholser v. Boddie, 87 U.S.App. D.C. 186, 184 F.2d 240, 21 A.L.R.2d 999; Appel v. Overholser, 82 U.S.App.D.C. 379, 164 F.2d 511; Overholser v. De Marcos, 80 U.S.App.D.C. 91, 149 F.2d 23; Overholser v. Treibly, 79 U.S.App. D.C. 389, 147 F.2d 705.
. Overholser v. De Marcos, 80 U.S.App. D.C. at page 92, 149 F.2d at page 24.
. 80 U.S.App.D.C. at page 93, 149 F.2d at page 25.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Oswald J. HAYWARD v. Winifred OVERHOLSER, Supt. St. Elizabeth's Hospital
- Status
- Published