UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

HOSPITALITY STAFFING SOLUTIONS, LLC,

Plaintiff,

v. Civil Action No. 10-1401 (CKK)

NEONI R. REYES,

Defendant.

MEMORANDUM OPINION (September 9, 2010)

This action was filed on August 19, 2010, by Plaintiff Hospitality Staffing Solutions, LLC

(“Plaintiff” or “HSS”) against Defendant Neoni R. Reyes (“Defendant” or “Reyes”). Plaintiff

alleges that Reyes, a former employee, has violated the terms of a restrictive covenant and a

confidentiality agreement by competing against HSS, disseminating confidential information,

and luring HSS employees to a competing company. Plaintiff seeks compensatory damages as

well as injunctive relief to enjoin Reyes from continuing and future violations. Along with the

Complaint, Plaintiff filed a [3] Motion for Preliminary and Permanent Injunctive Relief.1 After

proof of service was filed, the Court made several efforts to contact Reyes. On September 2,

2010, the Court held a conference call on the record with Reyes and counsel for Plaintiff in

which the Court gave Reyes until close of business on Tuesday, September 7, 2010, to file a

response to Plaintiff’s Motion for Preliminary Injunction. Reyes failed to file a response by that

deadline. Therefore, the Court considers the merits of Plaintiff’s Motion for Preliminary

1 Although styled as a motion for preliminary and permanent injunctive relief, the Court at this time only considers Plaintiff’s motion for preliminary relief. Injunction without the benefit of an opposition. The Court also considers Plaintiff’s [8] Motion

to Expedite Discovery without the benefit of an opposition. For the reasons explained below, the

Court shall GRANT-IN-PART and DENY-IN-PART Plaintiff’s Motion for a Preliminary

Injunction and GRANT Plaintiff’s [8] Motion to Expedite Discovery.

I. BACKGROUND

Plaintiff Hospitality Staffing Solutions, LLC, is a hospitality staffing company, providing

hotels and resorts with reliable workforces throughout the country, including in Washington,

D.C. See Decl. of Mauricio Ramirez (“Ramirez Decl.”) ¶ 1. The staffing services provided by

HSS include full-time housekeeping, janitorial, stewarding, laundry, food and beverage, and

grounds maintenance employees. Id. Defendant Neoni R. Reyes was an Area Supervisor for

HSS. Id. ¶ 2. During his employment with HSS, Reyes played a vital role in the recruitment,

placement, and management of staffing for the hospitality, hotel, and janitorial industries

throughout the United States. Id.

On August 7, 2006, Reyes executed a Restrictive Covenant and a Confidentiality

Agreement. Id. ¶¶ 3-4; see id., Exs. 1-2. The Restrictive Covenant provides that for a period of

one year after the termination of employment, Reyes shall not “actively encourage or induce the

voluntary termination of, or recruit any person(s) then employed by or associated with HSS as an

employee or independent contractor for the purpose of engaging in” the business of recruitment,

placement, and management of staffing for the hospitality, hotel, and janitorial industries

throughout the United States. Id. ¶ 5 & Ex. 1 (Restrictive Covenant) at 1, § 1.3. The Restrictive

Covenant also restricts Reyes from directly or indirectly soliciting, contacting, or calling upon

any existing or prospective clients of HSS with whom Reyes had material contact during his

2 employment with HSS for business purposes. Id. ¶ 5.

The Restrictive Covenant also provides that for a period of two years following

termination of employment, Reyes “shall not disclose or make available, directly or indirectly,

any of HSS’ information or material . . . that may be reasonably understood . . . to be confidential

and/or proprietary to HSS or to third parties to which HSS owes a duty of nondisclosure . . . to

any person, concern or entity except in the proper performance of [his] duties and responsibilities

as an Employee of HSS or with the prior written consent of HSS.” Ramirez Decl., Ex. 1

(Restrictive Covenant), § 1.5. The Confidentiality Agreement contains similar provisions, which

provides that Reyes must, upon termination, “surrender and deliver” to HSS all HSS property,

including proprietary information. Id. ¶ 7. During the course of his employment with HSS,

Reyes had access to HSS’s confidential and proprietary information, including but not limited to

HSS’s trade secrets, accounting information, pricing information, billing code information, and

data information regarding the rates paid to HSS’s employees and/or contractors, and HSS’s

contacts at its client companies. Id. ¶ 8. This information is valuable, confidential, and

proprietary to HSS, and is generally not known in the public domain. Id. HSS considers and

treats such information as confidential and proprietary trade secrets. Id. During Reyes’s

employment with HSS, HSS had a contract to provide hospitality staffing to the Dupont Hotel at

1500 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. Id. ¶ 9.

Reyes’s employment with HSS was terminated on or about April 16, 2010 because Reyes

could not provide documentation to verify his continued right to employment in the United

States. Ramirez Decl. ¶ 10. Soon thereafter, Reyes became employed with Capitol Staffing and

began to actively recruit current and former HSS employees for the purpose of competing with

3 HSS. Both HSS and Capitol Staffing directly compete for services in the same market. Id. On

or about August 9, 2010, Dupont Hotel gave HSS notice of its intent to terminate its contract

with HSS. Id. ¶ 11. Dupont replaced HSS with hospitality staffing provided by Reyes through

Capitol Staffing. Id.

II. PROCEDURAL HISTORY

Plaintiff filed the Complaint in this action on August 19, 2010. Plaintiff’s [3] Motion for

Preliminary and Permanent Injunctive Relief was filed along with the Complaint. On August 27,

2010, Plaintiff filed an [5] Affidavit of Service indicating that Reyes was served on August 24,

2010, at 5:25 PM. According to the proof of service filed on the Court’s docket, service was

made by leaving a copy of the summons, the Complaint, and the Motion for Preliminary and

Permanent Injunctive Relief with Reyes’s sister, Ms. Maldanado, who stated that she resides with

Reyes, at their place of residence at 10136 Allentown Road, Fort Washington, Maryland, 20744.

Shortly after Plaintiff filed this action, the Court contacted counsel for Plaintiff to

determine whether Reyes had been served with the Complaint and the motion for a preliminary

injunction. After Plaintiff’s counsel indicated that Reyes had been served, the Court instructed

Plaintiff’s counsel to contact Reyes (or his attorney, if Reyes was represented by counsel) in an

attempt to schedule a conference call with the Court regarding a schedule for adjudicating the

motion for preliminary injunction. Plaintiff’s counsel later informed the Court that he had been

unsuccessful in reaching Reyes but that he had left Reyes a voicemail message on Reyes’s cell

phone. Plaintiff’s counsel provided the Court with the telephone number he used to contact

Reyes. On Thursday, August 26, 2010, the Court left a message for Reyes on his voicemail

asking him to call chambers. On Friday, August 27, 2010, the Court called Mr. Reyes a second

4 time and was able to speak to an individual who identified himself as Reyes. The Court

informed Reyes of the lawsuit and the need to set up a conference call regarding Plaintiff’s

motion for preliminary injunction and asked when he was available. The man on the phone told

the Court that he would have his attorney contact the Court on either Monday, August 30, or

Tuesday, August 31. The Court told him that he needed to call that day (Friday) or at the latest

on Monday. He hung up shortly thereafter without responding. He did not provide the name of

his attorney. Following that phone call, the Court issued an [6] Order to Respond directing

Reyes or his attorney to contact chambers by no later than 5:00 PM on Monday, August 30, 2010,

for the purpose of having a conference call to set up a schedule for adjudicating Plaintiff’s

motion for preliminary injunction.

Reyes did not respond to the Court’s [6] Order to Respond by the deadline set forth in

that order. After business hours on August 30, 2010, the Court received a voicemail from D.Q.,2

an individual residing at the address listed for Reyes on the Complaint. D.Q. indicated that he

had received a package at his house for Mr. Neoni Reyes. On August 31, 2010, the Court

returned D.Q.’s call. D.Q. told the Court on the phone that Reyes does not live at that address

but speculated that he had previously lived there because he often receives mail for Reyes. D.Q.

also indicated that he called Reyes using the telephone number on the FedEx delivery slip to

inform him that he had a package from the Court. According to D.Q., Reyes told him that he did

not want the package, that he was not going to pick it up, and that D.Q. should just throw it away.

On August 31, 2010, the Court issued an [7] Order to Respond to Motion for Preliminary

Injunction. The Court noted in the order that pursuant to LCvR 65.1(c), a party’s opposition to a

2 For privacy reasons, the Court has identified this individual only by his initials.

5 motion for preliminary injunction is due within 7 days after service of the motion, and therefore

Reyes’s opposition was due on August 31, 2010. The Court noted that it had no obligation to

extend this deadline nor had it received any request to do so. However, the Court ordered that

Reyes could file a response to Plaintiff’s motion for preliminary injunction by no later than 5:00

PM on Thursday, September 2, 2010.

On September 2, 2010, Plaintiff filed a [8] Motion to Expedite Discovery seeking to

compel Defendant to respond to its First Set of Interrogatories and First Request for Production

of Documents within five days of the Court’s order on its motion.

Late in the afternoon on September 2, 2010, Reyes telephoned the Court. The Court

arranged to get Plaintiff’s counsel on the phone and conducted a teleconference with both parties

on the record. Reyes indicated that he had received the Court’s [7] Order to Respond to Motion

for Preliminary Injunction. However, Reyes claimed that he had just returned to the United

States the night before from a two-week trip to Honduras and was not aware of this lawsuit prior

to his return. Reyes also indicated that his address is 13433 Greenacres Drive, Woodbridge, VA

22191, and he suggested that Ms. Maldonado is not his sister. The Court agreed to extend the

deadline for Reyes to file a response to Plaintiff’s Motion for Preliminary Injunction to close of

business on Tuesday, September 7, 2010 and issued a written [9] Order to that effect. The Court

also ordered that along with any opposition, Reyes shall file under seal a full copy of his passport

indicating that he was out of the country. The Court also ordered Reyes to respond to Plaintiff’s

[8] Motion to Expedite Discovery by that date.3

3 The Court ordered Plaintiff to send by overnight mail a copy of its [8] Motion to Expedite to Reyes at his address in Woodbridge, VA. Plaintiff filed a [12] Certificate of Service indicating that it sent Reyes a copy of the Motion to Expedite Discovery, the Complaint, the

6 Reyes did not file a response by Tuesday, September 7, 2010, as ordered by the Court.

As of the date of this Memorandum Opinion, Reyes has not filed any papers in this action.

III. LEGAL STANDARD

Plaintiff has filed a motion for a preliminary injunction. “The standard for issuance of the

‘extraordinary and drastic remedy’ of a temporary restraining order or a preliminary injunction is

very high, and by now very well established.” RCM Techs., Inc. v. Beacon Hill Staffing Grp.,

LLC,

(D.D.C. 2007) (citing Mazurek v. Armstrong,

(1997)). The moving party must show: (1) a substantial likelihood of success on the merits, (2)

that it would suffer irreparable injury if the injunctive relief were not granted, (3) that an

injunction would not substantially injure other interested parties, and (4) that the public interest

would be furthered by the injunction. Chaplaincy of Full Gospel Churches v. England,

(D.C. Cir. 2006); Hall v. Daschle,

, 6 n.2 (D.D.C. 2009) (“[t]he same

standard applies to both temporary restraining orders and to preliminary injunctions”). The

moving party bears the burden of persuasion and must demonstrate, “by a clear showing,” that

the requested relief is warranted. Chaplaincy of Full Gospel Churches,

. “The

four factors have typically been evaluated on a ‘sliding scale.’” Davis v. Pension Benefit Guar.

Corp.,

(D.C. Cir. 2009). Under this sliding scale, “[i]f the movant makes

an unusually strong showing on one of the factors, then it does not necessarily have to make as

strong a showing on another factor.”

.

“It is particularly important for the [movant] to demonstrate a substantial likelihood of

Motion for Preliminary and Permanent Injunctive Relief, Memorandum of Law in Support, and Proposed Order.

7 success on the merits.” Barton v. District of Columbia,

(D.D.C. 2001)

(citing Benten v. Kessler,

(1992)). If the movant fails to do so, inquiry into

the remaining factors is unnecessary, for the injunctive relief must be denied on that ground

alone. See Transohio Sav. Bank v. Dir., Off. of Thrift Supervision,

(D.C. Cir.

1992) (affirming denial of preliminary injunction where the district court properly concluded that

the plaintiff had “no likelihood of success on the merits”); Katz v. Georgetown Univ.,

(D.C. Cir. 2001) (“although we apply a four-factor test in weighing a request for a

preliminary injunction, such relief never will be granted unless a claimant can demonstrate ‘a fair

ground for litigation’”); Taylor v. Resolution Trust Corp.,

(D.C. Cir. 1995)

(“Given the inadequacy of [plaintiff]’s prospects for success on the merits, there may be no

showing of irreparable injury that would entitle him to injunctive relief.”), amended on other

grounds on reh’g,

(D.C. Cir. 1995). In addition, the movant must establish that

irreparable injury must be likely, “not just a possibility.” Winter v. Natural Res. Def. Council,

Inc.,

(2008).

IV. DISCUSSION

Plaintiff seeks preliminary injunctive relief, as well as expedited discovery in this action.

The Court shall consider each of Plaintiff’s requests.

A. Motion for Preliminary Injunction

In its motion for preliminary injunctive relief, plaintiff seeks to enjoin Reyes from: (1)

actively soliciting, contacting or calling upon any existing or prospective clients of HSS with

whom Reyes had material contact; (2) actively encouraging or inducing the voluntary termination

of, or recruitment of any person(s) employed by HSS as an employee or independent contractor;

8 and (3) disclosing and utilizing HSS’s confidential and propriety information. The Court shall

consider whether Plaintiff’s request for relief satisfies the requirements for a preliminary

injunction.

1. Substantial Likelihood of Success on the Merits

Plaintiff has asserted causes of action for breach of contract and tortious interference with

existing and prospective business relationships. The factual averments in the declaration of

Mauricio Ramirez, which the Court accepts as true in the absence of evidence to the contrary,

appear to establish that Reyes has breached the Restrictive Covenant and the Confidentiality

Agreement by soliciting HSS employees to compete against HSS. The contractual obligations at

issue are (1) Reyes’s agreement not to solicit HSS customers for a period of one year following

termination, (2) Reyes’s agreement not to solicit HSS employees for a period of one year

following termination, and (3) Reyes’s agreement not to disclose HSS’s confidential and

proprietary information for a period of two years following termination.4 Plaintiff points out that

courts in the District of Columbia have enforced restrictive covenants such as these when they

are narrowly tailored to protect an employer’s legitimate business interest. See Deutsch v.

Barsky,

(D.C. 2002) (noting that courts in the District of Columbia have

upheld covenants not to compete where the terms are reasonable and not more extensive than

necessary for the protection of the business interest at stake); see also Chaichimansour v. Pets

4 The Restrictive Covenant also contains an agreement by Reyes that he will not directly compete with HSS in the relevant market within 25 miles of HSS’s principal address, which is in Georgia. See Ramirez Decl., Ex. 1 (Restrictive Covenant) § 1.1. Because HSS seeks an injunction against Reyes’s conduct in the District of Columbia, that provision is not applicable here, and Plaintiff does not rely on this provision in seeking a preliminary injunction. The other agreements do not contain a geographic limitation.

9 Are People Too, No. 2, Inc.,

(Ga. Ct. App. 1997) (“Covenants not to

compete in employment contracts are enforceable if they are reasonable in terms of duration,

territorial coverage, and the scope of the activity precluded, considering the legitimate business

interests the employer seeks to protect and the effect on the employee.”)5 The restrictions

contained in the Restrictive Covenant and the Confidentiality Agreement are limited in duration

and appear to be limited to protecting HSS’s business interests in the relevant market by

preventing Reyes from using HSS information to attract employees or customers to a competitor.

See Ellis v. James V. Hurson Assocs., Inc.,

(“[T]he cases reveal widespread

adherence to the view that prohibitions against the solicitation of customers known to the

employee by virtue of his former employment are enforceable as reasonable restrictions

protective legitimate business interests of the employer.”) Accordingly, the Court finds that HSS

has demonstrated a substantial likelihood of success on the merits of its breach of contract claim.

2. Irreparable Injury

Plaintiff argues that a preliminary injunction is necessary because it will suffer irreparable

harm if Reyes is not enjoined from soliciting former HSS clients and employees and from using

HSS’s confidential information to compete against it. Plaintiff points to the fact that Reyes is

competing for services in the same market as HSS with a competitor company, Capitol Staffing,

and notes that Plaintiff has already lost its contract with the Dupont Hotel. Plaintiff also points

to the fact that Reyes has used HSS’s confidential information, including prospective client

5 Both the Restrictive Covenant and the Confidentiality Agreement provide that they shall be construed and interpreted in accordance with the law of the State of Georgia. See Ramirez Decl., Ex. 1 (Restrictive Covenant) § 2.9; id., Ex. 2 (Confidentiality Agreement) § 2.3. HSS has not argued that Georgia law should apply.

10 information and billing rates, to compete against it and will continue to do so in the absence of

injunctive relief. The Court shall address these harms separately.

a. Economic harm from Reyes’s solicitation of employees and clients.

To establish irreparable harm, a plaintiff must show that its injury is “great, actual, and

imminent.” Hi-Tech Pharmacal Co. v. U.S. Food & Drug Admin.,

(D.D.C.

2008). Plaintiff must also “demonstrate irreparable injury is likely in the absence of an

injunction.” Winter,

. Plaintiff contends that there is no adequate remedy at law

for Reyes’s breaches of the Restrictive Covenant and the Confidentiality Agreement. However,

Plaintiff has cited no legal authorities in support of this assertion. The law of this Circuit is clear

that economic loss, in and of itself, does not constitute irreparable harm. Wis. Gas Co. v. Fed.

Energy Regulatory Comm’n, 758, F.2d 669, 674 (D.C. Cir. 1985). “Recoverable monetary loss

may constitute irreparable harm only where the loss threatens the very existence of the movant’s

business.” Id.; see also Carabillo v. ULLICO Inc. Pension Plan and Trust,

(D.D.C. 2004) (“Courts have also recognized that economic loss may constitute ‘irreparable

harm’ where the defendant would become insolvent or otherwise judgment-proof prior to the

conclusion of litigation, thus making the plaintiff’s alleged damages unrecoverable.”), aff’d,

(D.C. Cir. 2006). A number of courts in this Circuit have declined to issue

preliminary injunctions to enforce restrictive covenants against former employees where the

employer has failed to show that the economic losses from the breach are either incalculable or

so substantial as to threaten the employer’s ability to stay in business. See, e.g., Smith, Bucklin &

Assocs., Inc. v. Sonntag,

(D.C. Cir. 1996) (finding that employer had failed to

establish irreparable harm based on lost customer account); Ajilon Prof’l Staffing, PLC v.

11 Kubicki,

(D.D.C. 2007) (finding no irreparable harm from former

employees’ use of client lists because damages were limited to lost revenues, which were

ascertainable, and employer failed to show anything more than a simple economic loss); L.G.

Balfour Co. v. McGinnis,

(D.D.C. 1991) (denying injunction where

employer failed to show that its injury to customer goodwill in the Washington, D.C. area was

incalculable).

The only factual support that HSS has provided in support of its motion for preliminary

injunction is the Ramirez declaration.6 That declaration indicates that HSS has lost its contract

with Dupont Hotel, apparently caused in part by Reyes’s work with Capitol Staffing. However,

Plaintiff has not explained why there is no adequate remedy at law for the loss of the Dupont

Hotel contract. Presumably, HSS can place a dollar value on the loss of that contract and recover

that amount as money damages. Although there is some competitive threat from Reyes and

Capitol Staffing since they compete with HSS in the same market, Plaintiff has provided no

information about its competitive presence in the District of Columbia to explain the extent to

which it will be injured by further competition from Reyes. Accordingly, Plaintiff has not shown

that its economic losses are incalculable. Compare Morgan Stanley DW Inc. v. Rothe,

(D.D.C. 2001) (finding damages to be incalculable based on affidavits showing

that defendant serviced hundreds of client accounts with no reliable way of determining which

clients would be affected). Nor has Plaintiff provided any information to suggest that Reyes will

6 Pursuant to Local Civil Rule 65.1(c), a party’s application for a preliminary injunction “shall be supported by all affidavits on which the plaintiff intends to rely.” LCvR 65.1(c). The practice in this jurisdiction is to decide preliminary injunction motions without live testimony where possible. See LCvR 65.1(d). Accordingly, the Court relies solely on the papers submitted in support of Plaintiff’s motion.

12 be unable to pay a monetary judgment. Therefore, there is nothing in the record that indicates

that the competitive harms suffered by HSS without a preliminary injunction are irreparable with

respect to Reyes’s further competition in the market. Without a likelihood of irreparable harm

from Reyes’s continued competition, Plaintiff is not entitled to preliminary injunctive relief on

this basis.

2. Harm from disclosure of confidential and proprietary information.

The Ramirez declaration indicates that Reyes had access to HSS’s confidential and

proprietary information, and the circumstances of Reyes’s competition suggest that Reyes has

shared this information with competitors. HSS has alleged that “Reyes is using and disclosing

confidential and proprietary information of HSS, including, but not limited to client information,

prospective client information, pricing information, and billing rates.” Compl. ¶ 15. This Court

has recognized that the disclosure of confidential information can constitute an irreparable harm

because such information, once disclosed, loses its confidential nature. See Council on Am.-

Islamic Relations v. Gaubatz,

(D.D.C. 2009); see also Rothe,

(finding irreparable harm based on potential disclosure of confidential client

information). If HSS’s proprietary business information is disclosed to its competitors in the

market, HSS may lose whatever competitive advantage it possessed over competitors, and that

loss would be hard to quantify through money damages. Therefore, the Court finds that HSS is

likely to be irreparably harmed by the disclosure of proprietary information absent a preliminary

injunction.

3. Balance of the Equities

There is no evidence in the record to suggest that a preliminary injunction restraining

13 Reyes from disclosing HSS’s confidential and proprietary information would substantially injure

Reyes or any other third parties. Such an injunction would not restrict Reyes from continuing

employment in the relevant market. By signing the Restrictive Covenant and Confidentiality

Agreement, Reyes agreed not to disclose HSS’s confidential and proprietary information to third

parties. Furthermore, it appears that Reyes has consented to injunctive relief to enforce the

provisions of the Restrictive Covenant. See Ramirez Decl., Ex. 1 (Restrictive Covenant) § 1.7

(“Employee acknowledges that the Restrictive Covenants set forth in this Section 1 are

reasonably necessary in light of the competitive nature of HSS’ Business. As Employee

recognizes that a violation by Employee of any of the provisions of this Section 1 could cause

irreparable injury to HSS and as there is no adequate remedy at law for such violation, HSS shall

have the right . . . to enjoin Employee from violating or threatening to violate such provisions.”)7

Accordingly, the Court finds that the balance of the equities supports the issuance of a

preliminary injunction with respect to the nondisclosure of HSS’s proprietary and confidential

information.

4. Public Interest

The Court finds that the public interest would be furthered by the issuance of a

preliminary injunction. The preliminary injunction would enforce the parties’ contractual

agreement and ensure the confidentiality of business information, which is necessary for free and

fair competition. Accordingly, this factor weighs in favor of issuing preliminary injunctive relief.

7 A similar provision exists in the Confidentiality Agreement; however, that provision provides that Reyes consents to the issuance of injunctive relief only by either the Superior Court of Cobb County, Georgia, or the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia. See Ramirez Decl., Ex. 2 (Confidentiality Agreement) § 2.2.

14 5. Conclusion

Based on the analysis above, the Court finds that Plaintiff has satisfied the requirements

for a preliminary injunction with respect to its third request for preliminary relief, that Reyes be

enjoined from disclosing and utilizing HSS’s confidential and propriety information. Therefore,

the Court shall grant Plaintiff’s motion for preliminary injunction with respect to this request for

relief. Because Plaintiff has failed to show on the present record that it will be irreparably

harmed without an injunction with respect to its first two requests for relief—to enjoin Reyes

from soliciting existing or prospective HSS clients with whom Reyes had contact and from

encouraging HSS employees to leave HSS—the Court shall deny Plaintiff’s motion with respect

to those requests.

B. Motion to Expedite Discovery

Due to the urgent nature of this matter, Plaintiff seeks to expedite discovery by requiring

Reyes to respond to its First Set of Interrogatories and First Request for Production of

Documents sooner than the deadline set forth in Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 33(b) and

34(b), which is 30 days. Plaintiff served a copy of its interrogatories and requests for production

on Reyes by overnight delivery on September 2, 2010. See [12] Certificate of Service.

Therefore, Reyes’s normal deadline to respond would be October 5, 2010, factoring in the

additional 3 days required by Rule 6(d). In its Order issued on September 2, the Court directed

Reyes to file a response to Plaintiff’s Motion to Expedite Discovery by no later than September

7, 2010. Reyes has failed to respond to the motion, and therefore the Court may treat it as

conceded. See LCvR 7(b) (“If . . . a memorandum [opposing a motion] is not filed within the

prescribed time, the Court may treat the motion as conceded.”). The Court agrees that there is a

15 need for Plaintiff to obtain discovery in order to determine the nature and extent of Reyes’s

alleged breaches of the Restrictive Covenant and the Confidentiality Agreement, and the Court

further agrees that it is appropriate to require Reyes to provide that discovery on an expedited

basis given the continuing nature of the alleged violations. Therefore, the Court shall grant

Plaintiff’s Motion to Expedite Discovery and order that Reyes respond to Plaintiff’s discovery

requests within one week of the order.

V. CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, the Court shall GRANT-IN-PART and DENY-IN-PART

Plaintiff’s [3] Motion for Preliminary Injunctive Relief. The Court shall preliminarily enjoin

Defendant from disclosing and utilizing HSS’s confidential and proprietary information. The

Court shall also GRANT Plaintiff’s [8] Motion to Expedite Discovery. Defendant shall be

ordered to respond to Plaintiff’s outstanding discovery requests by September 16, 2010. An

appropriate Order accompanies this Memorandum Opinion.

/s/ COLLEEN KOLLAR-KOTELLY United States District Judge

16