UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

QUINN EMANUEL URQUHART & SULLIVAN, LLP,

Plaintiff,

v. Civil Action No. 1:19-cv-01331 (CJN)

ADELA PATRICIA ROSENTHAL- HILDALGO, et al.,

Defendants.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Plaintiff Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan, LLP filed this civil action in the Superior

Court of the District of Columbia seeking unpaid legal fees and expenses. See generally Notice

of Removal, Ex. A, D.C. Super. Compl., ECF No. 1-1. Quinn served Defendants Bus-Comm,

Inc. and Crediflash, LLC without issue, Notice of Removal, Ex. A at 53–54, ECF No. 1, and

those two Defendants removed the case to this Court, see generally Notice of Removal. The six

remaining Defendants (collectively, the “Additional Defendants”), however, challenge the

sufficiency of service as to them. See generally Defs.’ Renewed Mot. to Quash Service of

Process (“Defs.’ Mot. to Quash”), ECF No. 21. Quinn, in turn, seeks remand back to D.C.

Superior Court because the Notice of Removal was not unanimous. See generally Mot. for

Remand, ECF No. 22. For the reasons that follow, the Court grants the Additional Defendants’

Motion to Quash and, as a result, denies Quinn’s Motion for Remand.

1 Background

On April 8, 2019, Quinn served Defendants Bus-Comm and Crediflash with the

Summons and Complaint. Notice of Removal, Ex. A at 53–54. Approximately two weeks later,

Quinn held a call with Diaz, Reus & Targ LLP (“Diaz Reus”), a law firm that previously had

represented at least some of the Defendants, to discuss the case and service on the Additional

Defendants. Pl.’s Opp’n to Mot. to Quash (“Pl.’s Opp’n”), Ex. A at 3, ECF No. 25-1.1 During

that call, Diaz Reus agreed to accept service on behalf of the Additional Defendants in exchange

for a thirty-day extension for the Additional Defendants to respond to the Complaint. Id. at 2–3.

Thereafter, Quinn and Diaz Reus exchanged emails in which both firms expressly confirmed

their prior discussion. Id. On April 29, 2019, Quinn served Diaz Reus on behalf of the

Additional Defendants, relying on Diaz Reus’s agreement to accept service and presumably

believing that Diaz Reus actually had authority to do so. See Mot. for Remand, Ex. A (“D.C.

Superior Docket”), at 3–4, ECF No. 22-1.

About one month later, the Additional Defendants moved in D.C. Superior Court to

quash service, contending that Diaz Reus had lacked authority to accept service on their behalf.

Id. at 4. Because that motion was filed after Quinn’s Notice of Removal, which had been filed

on May 23, 2019, the D.C. Superior Court denied the Motion as moot. Id. The Additional

Defendants renewed their Motion to Quash in this Court on June 6, 2019, arguing again that Diaz

Reus lacked authority to accept service on their behalf. See generally Defs.’ Mot. to Quash. The

same day, Quinn filed its Motion for Remand, arguing that, because the Additional Defendants

1 The Additional Defendants comprise of Adela Patricia Rosenthal-Hidalgo, Cable Color, S.D. de C.V., Carlos Jose Rosenthal-Hidalgo, Cesar Augusto Rosenthal-Hidalgo, Fondo de Inversiones, S.A., and Prestadito de Costa Rica, S.A.

2 had been served and had not joined the Notice of Removal, remand is required by

(b)(2) and 1447(c). See generally Mot. for Remand.

Analysis

In their Motion to Quash, the Additional Defendants argue that although Diaz Reus

represented to Quinn that it could accept service on behalf of the Additional Defendants, in fact

service was not effective because Diaz Reus was never “authorized by the [Additional]

Defendants to accept service” as their agent. Mem. in Supp. of Defs.’ Renewed Mot. to Quash

at 1 (“Defs.’ Mem.”), ECF No. 21; see also Defs.’ Mot. to Quash at 1 (citing Fed. R. Civ. P.

12(b)(2), (b)(5)). In its Motion to Remand, Quinn argues that the Additional Defendants were

properly served and that remand is required by

(b)(2) and 1447(c) “because

not all properly joined and served Defendants joined in or otherwise consented to Defendants

Bus-Comm Inc.’s and Crediflash, LLC’s Notice of Removal.” Mot. for Remand at 1. Both

Motions thus require the Court to determine whether service on the Additional Defendants was

effective.

“Before a federal court may exercise personal jurisdiction over a defendant, the

procedural requirement of service of summons must be satisfied.” Roland v. Branch Banking &

Tr. Corp.,

(D.D.C. 2015) (quoting Omni Capital Int’l, Ltd. v. Rudolf

Wolff & Co.,

(1987)). The D.C. Superior Court Civil Rules permit service on

an individual or corporate defendant by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to an

“agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process.” D.C. Super. Ct. R.

Civ. P. 4(e)(2)(C), (h)(1)(B).2 “The rule is clear that it must appear that any agent who accepts

2 Because the Additional Defendants challenge service that occurred prior to removal, D.C. law applies. E.g., Magowan v. Lowery,

(D.D.C. 2016) (“Since this action was commenced in D.C. Superior Court, the sufficiency of process is determined by District of

3 service must be shown to have been authorized to bind his principal by the acceptance of process

and, further, that the authority to accept such service cannot be shown by the extra-judicial

statements of the attorney.” McLaughlin v. Fidelity Sec. Life Ins.,

(D.C.

1995) (quoting Schwarz v. Thomas,

(D.C. Cir. 1955)); see also United States

v. Ziegler Bolt & Parts Co.,

(Fed. Cir. 1997) (“The mere relationship between

a defendant and his attorney does not, in itself convey authority to accept service.” (citations

omitted)).

Quinn asserts that it served the Additional Defendants through their attorney at Diaz

Reus. Not surprisingly, Quinn relies on its April 26, 2019 teleconference with Diaz Reus,

together with the emails confirming that teleconference, as proof that Diaz Reus was authorized

to accept service on behalf of the Additional Defendants.3 See Pl.’s Opp’n at 6–7.

The Additional Defendants do not contest that Diaz Reus represented to Quinn that it

would accept service for the Additional Defendants. Instead, the Additional Defendants have

submitted a declaration from Cesar Augusto Rosenthal-Hidalgo, who is one of the Additional

Defendants and who is alleged to either partially or entirely own, or to control, the various

corporate Defendants, see D.C. Super. Compl. ¶¶ 3, 29–31. According to Rosenthal-Hidalgo, he

“communicated with the attorneys at [Diaz Reus] . . . on behalf of [himself] and the [Additional

Defendants]” in late April and early May 2019 and “never authorized [Diaz Reus] or any of its

representatives to accept service in this matter, directly or indirectly.” Decl. of Cesar Augusto

Columbia law.” (citation omitted)); see also 4A Charles Alan Wright, Arthur R. Miller & Adam N. Steinman, Federal Practice and Procedure § 1082 (4th ed. 2019) (“In determining the validity of service in the state court prior to removal, a federal court must apply the law of the state under which the service was made.”). 3 Diaz Reus also stated in an email to the Additional Defendants that it had “agreed to accept service on behalf of [the Additional Defendants] in exchange for Quinn’s agreement for a [thirty-]day extension to respond.” Decl. of Cesar Augusto Rosenthal-Hidalgo, Ex. B at 8.

4 Rosenthal-Hidalgo (“Rosenthal-Hidalgo Decl.”) ¶ 1, 3 (emphasis added), ECF No. 21-6. The

Additional Defendants thus argue that, because they never gave Diaz Reus authority to accept

service for them, service on Diaz Reus was improper. Defs.’ Mem. at 4–5.

Quinn does not dispute that service on the Additional Defendants would be ineffective if

Diaz Reus lacked authority to accept it. Instead, Quinn points to emails included with the

Rosenthal-Hidalgo Declaration to argue that, contrary to that Declaration, the Additional

Defendants actually had authorized Diaz Reus to accept service on their behalf. E.g., Pl.’s Reply

in Supp. of Mot. for Remand at 3–5, ECF. No. 27. In particular, prior to the April 26 call

between Quinn and Diaz Reus, Diaz Reus contacted the Additional Defendants to confirm that

the firm still represented them in Quinn’s newly filed suit, and Rosenthal-Hidalgo responded that

Diaz Reus did in fact represent the Additional Defendants. Rosenthal-Hidalgo Decl., Ex. A

at 5–6, ECF No. 21-6. This email exchange, Quinn argues, demonstrates that Diaz Reus had

actual authority to accept service for the Additional Defendants. See Pl.’s Opp’n at 4–7.

The problem with this argument is that nothing in those emails says anything about

service, including whether Diaz Reus was authorized to accept service on behalf of the

Additional Defendants. Quinn is therefore left to rely on the fact that the Additional Defendants’

then-lawyers agreed to accept service on behalf of the Additional Defendants. But the D.C.

Court of Appeals has held that statements by counsel are insufficient to establish that counsel

had actual authority to accept service. See, e.g., McLaughlin,

(“[T]he authority

to accept . . . service cannot be shown by the extra-judicial statements of the attorney.” (citation

omitted)).4

4 Even though the D.C. Court of Appeals has recognized the doctrine of apparent authority in other attorney-client situations, see, e.g., Makins v. District of Columbia,

, 593–94 (D.C. 2004) (ability of an attorney to enter a settlement agreement), it appears not to recognize

5 The Rosenthal-Hidalgo Declaration—which states expressly that Diaz Reus was not an

agent appointed to receive service of process on behalf of the Additional Defendants, see

Rosenthal-Hidalgo Decl. ¶ 3—is therefore unrebutted. As a result, Quinn has not demonstrated

that Diaz Reus had either actual or implied authority to accept service on behalf of the Additional

Defendants. See, e.g., Pollard v. District of Columbia,

(D.D.C. 2012)

(“‘[A]lthough authority to accept process need not be explicit, it must either be express or

implied from the type of relationship that has been established between the defendant and the

alleged agent’; put differently, there must be a ‘factual basis for believing that an appointment’ to

receive process has been made.” (quoting Charles A. Wright & Arthur R. Miller, Federal

Practice and Procedure § 1097 (3d ed. 2002)).5 And because Diaz Reus lacked authority to

apparent authority in the context of accepting service of process, McLaughlin,

(“[T]he mere appearance of authority [to accept service] is insufficient.” (footnote omitted)). The basis for and desirability of this is not at all apparent, but the McLaughlin rule plainly applies here. 5 Following an initial review of the Parties’ briefs, accompanying documentary evidence, and a hearing on October 1, 2019, the Court determined that it needed further information to resolve the question of whether Diaz Reus was actually authorized to accept service on behalf of the Additional Defendants, and thus ordered the Parties to “meet and confer to discuss the exchange and presentation of additional evidence to the Court regarding Diaz Reus’s authority to accept service on behalf of the Additional Defendants.” Order (Oct. 23, 2019) at 3, ECF No. 32. It further ordered that the Parties “file a Joint Status Report . . . setting forth a joint proposal—or in the event they are unable to reach agreement, their respective proposals—regarding how this case should proceed.”

Unable to reach agreement, the Parties each filed their own status reports. The Additional Defendants rested on the record before the Court and stated that they were “not aware of any additional evidence [Quinn] intends to present at this time.” Defs.’ Court-Ordered Status Report (Nov. 6, 2019) at 1, ECF No. 33. Quinn noted that it was attempting to gather further evidence from Diaz Reus. Status Report (Nov. 7, 2019) at 1–2, ECF No. 34. The Court therefore permitted Quinn additional time to submit additional evidence, and on November 15, 2019, Quinn notified the Court that it would not be lodging any additional evidence from Diaz Reus. Notice to Court (Nov. 15, 2019) at 1–2, ECF. No. 35.

6 accept service on behalf of the Additional Defendants, service on Diaz Reus was insufficient

under D.C. Superior Court Rule of Civil Procedure 4(e)(2)(C).

Conclusion

Quinn has not established that the Additional Defendants authorized Diaz Reus to receive

service on their behalf. For that reason, the Court concludes that Quinn has failed to make

proper service on the Additional Defendants, and as a result, the Additional Defendants’ Motion

to Quash is GRANTED and Quinn’s Motion for Remand is DENIED. An order will be entered

contemporaneously with this Memorandum Opinion.

DATE: December 9, 2019 CARL J. NICHOLS United States District Judge

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