UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

ROBIN BETTE YOUNG, ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) v. ) Civil Action No. 1:25-cv-01837 (UNA) ) MR. COOPER MORTGAGE, ) ) Defendant. )

MEMORANDUM OPINION

This matter is before the Court on Plaintiff’s pro se Complaint (“Compl.”), ECF No. 1, and

Application for Leave to Proceed in forma pauperis (“IFP”). The Court grants the IFP Application

and, for the reasons discussed below, it dismisses this matter for failure to state a claim, see

(e)(2)(B)(ii).

Plaintiff, a resident of the District, sues a single Defendant, Mr. Cooper Mortgage, an entity

headquartered in Texas. See Compl. at 1–2. Plaintiff’s Complaint is quite spare, alleging only

that Defendant violated the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (“FDCPA”), 15 U.S.C. § 1692g,

arising from unspecified “past payments on an illegal debt.” See id. at 3–4. She demands $75,000

in damages. Id. at 4. No other context or details are provided.

Pro se litigants must comply with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Jarrell v. Tisch,

(D.D.C. 1987). Rule 8(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure requires

complaints to contain “(1) a short and plain statement of the grounds for the court’s jurisdiction

[and] (2) a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.”

Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a); see Ashcroft v. Iqbal,

, 678–79 (2009); Ciralsky v. CIA,

, 668–71 (D.C. Cir. 2004). The Rule 8 standard ensures that defendants receive fair notice of

the claim being asserted so that they can prepare a responsive answer and an adequate defense and determine whether the doctrine of res judicata applies. Brown v. Califano,

(D.D.C. 1977).

As here, “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere

conclusory statements,” are insufficient to state a claim. Iqbal,

. Although a pro

se complaint “must be held to less stringent standards than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers,”

Erickson v. Pardus,

(2007) (per curiam) (internal quotation marks and citation

omitted), it still “must plead ‘factual matter’ that permits the court to infer ‘more than the mere

possibility of [defendant’s] misconduct,’” Atherton v. District of Columbia Office of the Mayor,

, 681–82 (D.C. Cir. 2009) (quoting Iqbal,

; see Aktieselskabet AF

21. Nov.2001 v. Fame Jeans, Inc.,

, 16 n.4 (D.C. Cir. 2008) (“We have never accepted

‘legal conclusions cast in the form of factual allegations’ because a complaint needs some

information about the circumstances giving rise to the claims.”) (quoting Kowal v. MCI Commc’ns

Corp.,

(D.C. Cir. 1994)). Plaintiff’s Complaint offers less than threadbare

allegations and recitations.

The Court acknowledges that Plaintiff has also filed a “Motion for Verification of Debt”

(“Mot.”), ECF No. 3, that provides at least some supplemental facts, but if those facts are offered

to support her claims, they must be included in the Complaint itself, see Fed. R. Civ. P. 3, 7(a),

8(a). In any event, and even if these additional facts were so included, they do not assist in making

Plaintiff’s claims cognizable. In the Motion, Plaintiff demands that Defendant validate a debt

within 30 days, to prove that Defendant is “in fact the Note Holder in Due Course and has standing

as a party of interest in this Promissory Note,” and it is “in fact a Creditor in this loan/security

instrument.” See Mot. ¶¶ 2, 5–6. Plaintiff is apparently suspicious that “Defendant has stolen Plaintiff[’s] Security/Promissory Note and deceived Plaintiff into believing a debt was owed from

the Promissory note.” See id. ¶ 5.

No substantive details regarding this security/promissory note are provided, including the

nature of Defendant’s alleged wrongdoing, more specifically, where, why, how, or when it

occurred. Nor does Plaintiff attach a copy of the security/promissory note or any other related

documents, if any. Even if these details were clearer, Plaintiff has fallen short. As background,

the FDCPA requires a debt collector, within five days of the initial communication with the

consumer, to send the consumer a written notice containing certain information, unless such

information was contained in the initial communication. 15 U.S.C. § 1692g(a). Among other

things, the notice must include the amount of the debt owed, the name of the creditor and a

statement that the consumer has 30 days to dispute the debt, and, that absent a timely dispute, the

debt will be presumed valid. See id. To dispute the debt, the consumer must notify the debt

collector in writing that

the debt, or any portion thereof, is disputed, or that the consumer requests the name and address of the original creditor, the debt collector shall cease collection of the debt, or any disputed portion thereof, until the debt collector obtains verification of the debt or a copy of a judgment, or the name and address of the original creditor, and a copy of such verification or judgment, or name and address of the original creditor, is mailed to the consumer by the debt collector.

Id. § 1692g(b). If the debt collector receives such timely notice of dispute, it “shall cease collection

of the debt, or any disputed portion thereof, until the debt collector obtains verification of the debt.”

Id. § 1692g(a)(4), (b).

Here, assuming arguendo that Defendant is, by definition, a debt collector, and the Plaintiff

is, by definition, a consumer, Plaintiff fails to allege that Defendant initiated contact with her,

within the meaning of the statute or otherwise, see Carlisle v. Stellar Recovery, Inc.,

(D.D.C. 2016) (dismissing § 1692g claims for failing to identify an initial

communication); ValleCastro v. Bendett & McHugh, P.C., No. 14-cv-1796,

, at

*9 (D. Conn. Sept. 30, 2015) (same); Oliver v. U.S. Bancorp, No. 14-cv-8948,

,

at *4 (S.D.N.Y. July 8, 2015) (dismissing § 1692g claims where the plaintiffs failed to allege any

“initial communication” from the defendant, and noting that the defendant’s submissions in the

foreclosure action cannot constitute initial communications), or that she ever formally notified

Defendant of her dispute, see Barnes v. Capital One Financial Corporation, No. 23-cv-182,

, at *6 (S.D. Ohio, Oct. 10, 2023) (citing Wolfe v. Bank One Corp.,

(N.D. Ohio 2005) (dismissing §1692g claims due to the plaintiff’s failure to establish that she

provide statutory notice of her dispute)), R&R adopted,

(S.D. Ohio, Oct. 30,

2023); Obanya v. Select Portfolio Servicing, Inc., No. 14-cv-5255,

, at *4

(E.D.N.Y. Aug. 23, 2016) (dismissing §1692g claims where the plaintiff failed to “allege that she

disputed the debt in writing within the 30-day timeframe set by the statute. The absence of such

allegations is ground for dismissal.”) (citations omitted), R&R adopted,

(E.D.N.Y. Jan. 20, 2017); Agu v. Rhea, No. 09-cv-473,

, at *5 (E.D.N.Y. Dec.

15, 2010) (dismissing §1692g claims because the plaintiff failed to allege that he properly and

timely waged his debt dispute “within the thirty day time window that Section 1692(b) provides.

Without such factual pleading, it [was] entirely speculative, and not “plausible,” that Plaintiff ha[d]

a cognizable claim. After all, for all the Court kn[ew], Plaintiff could have made only untimely

verification requests, which the Collection Defendants then properly ignored.”). Plaintiff is

obligated to send Defendant notice of her dispute as prescribed in the statute, providing it actual

notice, because otherwise, the “FDCPA does not impose upon a debt collector any duty to

investigate independently the validity of the debt.” Jacques v. Solomon & Solomon P.C.,

(D. Del. 2012) (citing Clark v. Capital Credit & Collection Servs., Inc.,

, 1174 (9th Cir. 2006)) (collecting other cases). There is no indication that Plaintiff,

within her 30-day window, sent a copy of the Motion for Verification, filed in the instant matter,

to Defendant, nor would that, standing alone, comply with the statutory notice of dispute

requirement. See 15 U.S.C. § 1692g(b).

Simply put, because Plaintiff does not allege “an initial communication from [Defendant],”

and does not allege that she “submitted her dispute letter in the appropriate time period under the

statute,” if at all, “or describe any efforts that [Defendant] has made to collect upon the debt in

question,” she has has “not alleged a violation of section 1692g,” or a violation of any other

provision of the FDCPA. See Hayword v. SW Credit Syst., No. 23-cv-3234,

, at

*5 (E.D. Pa. Jan. 16, 2024) (citing Tauro v. Asset Acceptance, No. 12-00418,

,

at *3 (W.D. Pa. June 20, 2012) (dismissing claim as implausible because “[t]he Plaintiff does not

allege that, nor does he aver facts to suggest that, the Defendants provided (or failed to provide)

either an initial communication or validation notice containing the information required by law.

In order to state a valid FDCPA claim, the Plaintiff must do so.”); Valderrama v. BBVA Compass,

No. 21-cv-01776,

, at *3 (N.D. Tex. Nov. 22, 2021), R&R adopted,

(N.D. Tex. Dec. 21, 2021) (dismissing FDCPA claim where, inter alia, “Plaintiff also

fails to assert any facts indicating that he properly disputed or sought validation of the debt”));

McGagh v. Equifirst Corporation, No. 19-cv-01185,

, at *3 (D. Md. Jan. 28,

2020) (dismissing § 1692g claims where the complaint bore no facts “by which the Court could

infer [that the defendant] failed to issue the proper communications, or that [the plaintiff] disputed

a particular debt within the thirty-day window. Instead, the Complaint baldly assert[ed] that non-

descript communications went unanswered.”); Robinson v. DeVille Asset Mgmt., No. 18-cv-5773,

, at *1 (N.D. Ga. Mar. 20, 2019) (finding that the plaintiff’s § 1692g claims did

“not contain sufficient factual material to state a plausible claim for relief” where he alleged that

the defendants attempted to collect a debt “before ‘verifying’ that he owned the debt” and he also

alleged “that he mailed [the defendants] a ‘claim dispute,’” but he did not provide any “factual

detail about his mailing of a ‘claim dispute’ and the responses, if any[.]”), R&R adopted,

(N.D. Ga. Apr. 08, 2019); Davis v. Tulsa Adjust. Bureau, No. 16-cv-00494,

, at *3 (N.D. Tex. Jan. 27, 2017) (despite the plaintiff’s “focus on Defendants’ alleged

failure to validate the debts,” he failed to state a claim because he did “not alleged any initial

communication from either defendant, nor . . . alleged that he sent his validation request within 30

days of receiving such communication, as required by statute.”); Franklin v. Bww Law Group,

LLC, No. 16-cv-0455,

, at *7 (D. Md. May 12, 2016) (finding that the plaintiff’s

“conclusory allegations concerning Defendant’s alleged failure to verify and validate the debt are

insufficient to state a claim under the FDCPA.”); 4405 Bay Valley Family Land Trust v. Hughes

Watters Askanase, LLP, No. 13-cv-2545,

, at *7 (N.D. Tex. Dec. 10, 2013)

(finding that the plaintiff did not allege “sufficient factual allegations to state a claim for relief

under the FDCPA” where he “for the most part, merely recite[d] the elements under the statute,”

and alleged only generally that Defendant “never validate[d] the alleged debt,” and that he had

“sent a certified letter of the alleged debt being disputed.”), R&R adopted,

(N.D.

Tex. Feb. 27, 2014); Ethridge v. Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., No. 12-cv-10705,

, at *3 (E.D. Mich. Oct. 16, 2012) (dismissing § 1692g claims because the plaintiff did

not adequately establish an initial communication by the defendant or if the defendant was a debt

collector within the meaning of the FDCPA.), R&R adopted,

(E.D. Mich., Nov.

2, 2012); Gonzalez v. HomeQ Servicing, No. 09-cv-00951,

, at *5 (E.D. Cal. January 15, 2010) (finding that the plaintiff’s FDCPA claims failed to meet Iqbal’s pleading

requirements due lack of allegations of fact); Crowder v. HSBC Mortgage Services, Inc., No. 10-

cv-2785,

, at *7–8 (N.D. Ga. Mar. 7, 2011) (finding same and dismissing with

prejudice for failure to state a claim and for failure to meet the pleading requirements of Federal

Rule 8(a)) (collecting cases), R&R adopted,

(N.D. Ga. May 9, 2011).

Finally, “the term ‘debt collector’ means any person who uses any instrumentality of

interstate commerce or the mails in any business the principal purpose of which is the collection

of any debts, or who regularly collects or attempts to collect, directly or indirectly, debts owed or

due or asserted to be owed or due another . . . the term includes any creditor who, in the process

of collecting his own debts, uses any name other than his own which would indicate that a third

person is collecting or attempting to collect such debts.” 15 U.S.C. § 1692a(6). Defendant is a

mortgage loan and refinance servicer, see id. ¶¶ 2–3; Compl. at 2, but generally, mortgage servicers

are not considered “debt collectors” and do not engage in “debt collection activity” by executing

on a security interest, because they are not attempting to collect debts owed or due or asserted to a

third-party. See, e.g., Obduskey v. McCarthy & Holthus LLP,

(2019) (holding

that creditor enforcing a security interest in foreclosure proceedings, is not a “debt collector”

subject to the main coverage of the FDCPA); Warren v. Countrywide Homes, Inc., 342 Fed. App’x

458, 460 (11th Cir. 2009) (per curiam) (“the plain language of the FDCPA supports the district

court's conclusion that foreclosing on a security interest is not debt collection activity for purposes

of § 1692g” and “an enforcer of a security interest, such as a mortgage company foreclosing on

mortgages of real property . . . falls outside the ambit of the FDCPA except for the provisions of

section 1692f(6)” (internal citations omitted)); Acosta v. Campbell, No. 04-cv-761,

, at *4 (M.D. Fla. Dec. 22, 2006) (“[n]early every court that has addressed the question has held that foreclosing on a mortgage is not a debt collection activity for the purposes of the

FDCPA”) (collecting cases), aff’d,

(11th Cir. 2009) (per curiam), cert. denied,

(2009); see also McDevitt v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.,

, 167–68

(D.D.C. 2013) (finding that the FDCPA does not apply to creditors and also noting that “the Court

has not found, any case in which a plaintiff was permitted to use an FDCPA violation as a predicate

for a claim for wrongful foreclosure under District of Columbia law.”). Without more, Plaintiff

has failed to establish that Defendant is a debt collector as for purposes of the FDCPA.

For all of these reasons, this case is dismissed without prejudice for failure to state a claim.

Plaintiff’s Motion for Verification of Debt, ECF No. 3, is denied without prejudice. A separate

order accompanies this memorandum opinion.

Date: August 7, 2025 __________/s/_________________ JIA M. COBB United States District Judge