Matthews v. District of Columbia
Matthews v. District of Columbia
Opinion of the Court
A jury found appellant guilty of operating a motor vehicle in the District during the period for which his operator’s permit had been revoked.
The offense charged involved two elements, namely, revocation of appellant’s permit and operation by him of a motor vehicle in the District. At trial it was stipulated that appellant’s permit had been
With respect to the first claim of error it is true that in its charge the court did not specifically instruct the jury that they could return a verdict of not guilty. In this jurisdiction it is held that in criminal cases it should be uniform practice to instruct that if the Government fails to prove each element of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt, the jury should find the defendant not guilty, and that failure to so charge when requested is reversible error. Johnson v. United States, D.C.Cir., 244 F.2d 781. Technically, therefore, there was error in the charge in this case, but we do not think this technical error requires reversal. In the first place, appellant’s counsel, experienced in criminal trials, did not request such instruction and made no objection to the charge as given. His action is understandable because as the trial developed no real defense was presented— only an offered excuse that appellant did not realize he was driving in the District and that if he did so drive it was only for a short distance. In the second place, while the trial court did not expressly tell the jury that they could find appellant not guilty, twice in its charge it told them they were the sole judges of the facts, and concluded the charge by telling the jury that the matter was left to them and it was their duty “as finders of the facts” to reach a verdict on the testimony in the case. We do not think the jury could have understood the charge as an instruction to return a verdict of guilty.
The error in the charge was strictly technical and did not prejudice appellant’s rights. Under the admitted facts there was no doubt of his gnilt. “When guilt is clearly established by competent evidence, error in the admission or exclusion of other evidence or in the charge to the jury which does not affect the substantial rights of the accused does not call for the reversal of a conviction.” Guy v. United States, 71 App.D.C. 89, 91-92, 107 F.2d 288, 290, certiorari denied 308 U.S. 618, 60 S.Ct. 296, 84 L.Ed. 516.
Affirmed.
. Code 1951, § 40-302 (d).
. Cf. Horning v. District of Columbia, 48 App.D.C. 380, affirmed, 254 U.S. 135, 41 S.Ct. 53, 65 L.Ed. 185.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- King J. MATTHEWS v. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
- Status
- Published