Turner v. Correctional Medical Services, Inc.
Turner v. Correctional Medical Services, Inc.
Opinion of the Court
MEMORANDUM OPINION
I. INTRODUCTION
Plaintiff initiated this civil rights suit pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 on February 10, 2006, alleging that defendants were deliberately indifferent to his serious medical needs in violation of the Eighth Amendment.
II. BACKGROUND
At the time of the alleged incidents between 2004 and 2006, plaintiff was an inmate
III. STANDARD OF REVIEW
Entry of default judgment is a two-step process. Fed.R.Civ.P. 55(a), (b). A party seeking to obtain a default judgment must first request that the clerk of the court “enter ... the default” of the party who has not answered the pleading or “otherwise defended]” within the time required by the rules or as extended by court order. Fed. R.Civ.P. 55(a). Even if default is properly entered, the entry of judgment by default pursuant to Rule 55(b)(2) is within the discretion of the trial court. Hritz v. Woma Corp., 732 F.2d 1178, 1180 (3d Cir. 1984). Three factors control whether a default judgment should be granted: (1) prejudice to plaintiff if default is denied; (2) whether defendant appears to have a litigable defense; and (3) whether defendant’s delay is due to culpable conduct. Chamberlain v. Giampapa, 210 F.3d 154, 164 (3d Cir. 2000) (citing United States v. $55,518.05 in U.S. Currency, 728 F.2d 192, 195 (3d Cir. 1984)); see also Gold Kist, Inc. v. Laurinburg Oil Co., 756 F.2d 14, 19 (3d Cir. 1985) (finding that the three factors “apply only when the default judgment was authorized and the only question before the district court is whether to exercise its discretion to set aside the default”).
IV. DISCUSSION
As stated above, in the spring of 2008, the court ordered defendant Kastre to retain counsel or to inform the court of her intention to proceed pro se. (D.I. 97) The court warned Kastre that her failure to comply with this order would be considered a failure to defend and that the court would thereafter determine whether judgment, and in what amount, should be entered against her. (Id.) Kastre failed to respond to the order. Upon plaintiffs motion, the court must determine whether judgment should be entered against defendant Kastre by employing the three-factored analysis detailed above.
A. Prejudice to Plaintiff if Default is Denied
The Third Circuit has found that “[d]elay in realizing satisfaction on a claim rarely serves to establish the degree of prejudice sufficient to prevent opening a default judgment entered at an early stage of the proceeding.”
However, plaintiff asserts that his physician apprised him that he has only a “short time to live” and, in order to survive his medical condition, he must be placed on an organ transplant list. (D.I. 104 at ¶ 8) To be placed on an organ transplant list, plaintiff asserts that he must have sufficient funds to cover the costs of the liver replacement surgery. (Id. at ¶ 9) Plaintiff argues that he will be prejudiced if default judgment against defendants is denied, as that is tantamount to denying him the needed funds. The Third Circuit has found that “prejudice is not merely the loss of an advantageous position, but must be something more closely tied to the
B. Whether Defendant Appears to Have a Litigable Defense
Defendant Kastre advances five affirmative defenses in her answer.
C. Whether Defendant’s Delay is Due to Culpable Conduct
“[Cjulpable conduct means actions taken willfully or in bad faith.” Gross v. Stereo Component Sys., Inc., 700 F.2d 120, 123-24 (3d Cir. 1983) (citing Feliciano, 691 F.2d at 657). The Third Circuit explains that:
Appropriate application of the culpable conduct standard requires that as a threshold matter more than mere negligence be demonstrated.
Certainly “willfulness” and “bad faith” include acts intentionally designed to avoid compliance with court notices. The case law, however, is bereft of precedent limiting the availability of default judgment to this narrow band of “knowing” disregard for court-mandated procedures. Reckless disregard for repeated communications from plaintiffs and the court, combined with the failure to investigate the source of a serious injury, can satisfy the culpable conduct standard.
Hritz, 732 F.2d at 1183.
In Hritz, the record showed that the defendant company failed to respond to at least five communications, including a letter from plaintiff and various notices regarding the lawsuit mailed by the court, over a period of approximately two years. Id. at 1179-80. The Third Circuit found that there was sufficient evidence on the face of the record from which the trial court could have found the culpable conduct standard satisfied. Id. at 1183. Based on the Third Circuit’s reasoning, the defendant company’s repeated failure to respond to communications from both plaintiff and the court breached at least the negligence threshold of the culpable conduct standard.
Plaintiff initiated this suit on February 10, 2006. (D.I. 2) After plaintiff amended his complaint several times, the court docketed a waiver of service form for defendant FCM on September 5, 2006. (D.I. 36) On April 23, 2007, after it appeared that defendant Kastre had not been served, the court ordered plaintiff to show cause why the suit should not be dismissed for failure to
Kastre filed an answer to plaintiffs complaint on December 12, 2007. (D.I. 92) The attorney for defendants Kastre and FCM filed a motion to withdraw on February 25, 2008 (D.I. 93) and the court granted that motion with respect to both defendants in April 2008. (D.I. 96; D.I. 97) While granting this motion, the court warned both defendant Kastre and defendant FCM that, by June 9, 2008, defendants were either to retain new counsel or, with respect only to Kastre, inform the court of her intention to proceed pro se. (D.I. 96; D.I. 97) These notices were mailed on April 4 and April 8, 2008 to the Giaconda Way address. After defendants failed to respond, plaintiff filed separate motions for default judgment with respect to each defendant on October 23, 2008.
In her responsive brief, defendant Kastre claims that she “has no recollection of being served with this suit and/or any other papers relating to [this suit], prior to receiving [plaintiffs motion for default judgment (D.I. 104) ] ... on or about April 16, 2009.” (D.I. Ill at ¶ 11) Kastre’s assertion stands in contrast to the docket record which shows that Kastre waived service on August 25, 2006, filed a motion for insufficiency of service of process on September 19, 2007, and filed an answer to plaintiffs complaint on December 12, 2007.
Kastre asserts that FCM ceased operations at the Giaconda Way address in early May 2008. (Id. at ¶ 12) While this assertion may be true, it does not necessarily bear on Kastre’s failure to respond to the court’s order, because the order was mailed to the Giaconda Way address in early April 2008, approximately one month before operations at that address ceased. Notices mailed to the Giaconda Way address as late as April 2009 were not returned as undeliverable.
In resolving the question of whether defendant Kastre’s failure to respond to the
D. Result of the Default Judgment Analysis
The default judgment analysis conducted above shows that two prongs weigh in favor of defendant Kastre and one prong weighs in favor of plaintiff. Despite defendant’s culpable conduct, the court exercises its discretion and finds that an entry of default judgment against defendant Kastre is not appropriate in this situation. However, the court will require defendant Kastre to (1) pay the costs of the default judgment motion practice, (2) forfeit any preliminary motion practice (i.e., motions to dismiss), and (3) submit to discovery.
V. CONCLUSION
Based on the foregoing analysis, the court grants plaintiffs motion for default judgment as to defendant FCM and denies said motion as to defendant Kastre. An appropriate order shall issue.
ORDER
At Wilmington this 30th day of July, 2009, consistent with the memorandum opinion issued this same date;
IT IS ORDERED that plaintiffs motion for default judgment (D.I. 104) is granted as to defendant FCM and denied as to defendant Kastre.
IT IS FURTHERED ORDERED that the case shall proceed in accordance with the following schedule:
1. All discovery shall be completed on or before January 29, 2010.
2. Summary judgment motions shall be filed no earlier than February 26, 2010. Briefing shall be conducted consistent with D. Del. L.R. 7.1.2 and 7.1.3.
3. The ease is referred to a Magistrate Judge, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636, for purposes of exploring ADR.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that, on or before August 11, 2009, plaintiff shall submit papers in support of the fees and costs associated with the motion practice. Defendant may file opposition papers on or before August 25, 2009.
. The court has jurisdiction over this suit pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331.
. Although the amended complaint (D.I. 21) named seven defendants, al defendants except for Kastre and FCM have since been dismissed.
. Because FCM has neither retained counsel nor otherwise responded to these proceedings, the court will only address defendant Kastre's opposition to the pending motion.
. The court notes that the Third Circuit’s reasoning implicates a case where judgment has been entered. Although default judgment has not been entered in the case at bar, the court finds that the Third Circuit’s reasoning is nonetheless applicable in this case. See Hill v. Williamsport Police Dep’t, 69 Fed.Appx. 49, 51-52 (3d Cir. 2003).
. Although the cited case involved a bankruptcy dispute, the quoted passage comes from the Third Circuit's discussion, within that case, of prejudice in a "non-bankruptcy context,” namely, in the context of default judgment.
. The affirmative defenses that Kastre raises in her answer are failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, a statute of limitations argument, failure to exhaust administrative remedies, failure to obtain an expert to verify the claims, and failure to plead negligence with specificity. (D.I. 21 at 5-6)
. The Third Circuit has found that a "defendant in a civil rights action must have personal involvement in the alleged wrongs; liability cannot be predicated solely on the operation of respon-deat superior.” Rode v. Dellarciprete, 845 F.2d 1195, 1207 (3d Cir. 1988) (citing Parratt v. Taylor, 451 U.S. 527, 537 n. 3, 101 S.Ct. 1908, 68 L.Ed.2d 420 (1981); and Hampton v. Holmesburg Prison Officials, 546 F.2d 1077, 1082 (3d Cir. 1976)).
. The Third Circuit has explicated that a litigable defense does not need to be established "beyond doubt in [defendant’s] pleading; a meritorious defense is presumptively established when ‘the allegations of defendant's answer, if established on trial would constitute a complete defense to the action.’ ” Hritz, 732 F.2d at 1181. Because defendant Kastre’s asserted defenses would constitute complete defenses to plaintiff’s action if established at trial, the asserted defenses appear to be "litigable.”
. The notice was mailed to FCM at a Wildlife Avenue address in Tucson, Arizona. (D.I. 65)
. These motions were mailed to defendants' Gi-aconda Way address. (D.I. 99; D.I. 100)
. The court understands that Kastre was the owner of FCM. Both Kastre and FCM were the subject of a plethora of lawsuits during the time FCM was the contract medical services provider for the Delaware Department of Correction.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Richard Mark TURNER v. CORRECTIONAL MEDICAL SERVICES, INC.
- Cited By
- 4 cases
- Status
- Published