Roe v. Doe
Roe v. Doe
Opinion of the Court
delivering the opinion of the court:
The action in the court below was one of ejectment brought by the Town of Seaford, a municipal corporation, as trustee of Boachim Burial Ground, to 'recover possession of the burial ground in the Town of Seaford. The pleadings are not in the record filed in the Supreme Court, but it is to be assumed that they were in the usual and proper form in such cases, including the consent rule. To prove its case the plaintiff put in evidence a deed from James Conwell to Henry Little and six other persons, dated April 29, 1818, duly recorded, whereby a lot of land in Sea-ford was conveyed to the grantees, and to their successors to be elected as therein mentioned, as trustees in trust for certain purposes declared, viz.: (1) For a public burial ground and (2) for building thereon a house for worship, to be erected by contributions to be received. Authority was given to the trustees to sell and convey the church building, when erected, and the ground upon which it should stand, and the disposition of the proceeds of sale was provided for. Vacancies in the trustees were to be filled by the “subscribers,” meaning evidently those persons who should contribute to the cost of erecting the meeting house. From plots introduced in evidence, and the testimony adduced, as well as by the statements of counsel, it appears that the meeting house and the land on which it stands was sold and conveyed some years prior to 1909, and is not now involved in this action, the premises claimed by the lessor of the fictitious plaintiff in the action being
By an act approved March 15, 1909 (Vol. 25, c. 197, Laws of Delaware) the General Assembly enacted, as .follows:
“That all the estate, right, title, power and authority vested in the trustees under and by a deed of trust * * * from James Conwell to Henry Little and others, trustees and their successors in trust for a public burial ground, be and the same is hereby vested in the Town of Seaford, Sussex County and State of Delaware for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of said trust.”
The preamble to the act recited that the original trustees were long since dead; that no new trustees could be legally elected under the deed of trust; that no one had authority to protect the burial ground from desecration; and that the Town of Seaford had desired authority to assume control of the cemetery.
The plaintiff below further offered in evidence the record of the appointment by the Chancellor of the Town of Seaford as trustee of the burial ground, and admission of the record was objected to by the defendant on the ground that the Town of Seaford was not competent to act as trustee, though the defendant’s attorney expressly admitted that the appointment had been made. After argument the court below admitted the record showing the petition of the Town of Seaford to be appointed trustee, and its appointment by the Chancellor. Exception having been taken to the admission of this evidence, it is assigned as error, being the third assignment of error. The record of the Court of Chancery is not part of the record filed in this court.
No evidence was offered by the defendant. His motion for binding instructions to the jury for a verdict for the defendant was refused; a motion of the plaintiff for binding instructions for a verdict for the plaintiff was granted; and pursuant thereto a verdict for the plaintiff was rendered that the defendant was guilty of the trespass in ejectment. A bill of exceptions having been allowed, the case is before the court on the writ of error, there being three assignments of error: (1) In not directing a verdict for the defendant; (2) in directing a verdict for the plaintiff; (3) in
“ * * * And may purchase, take, hold, and enjoy lands, tenements and hereditaments in fee simple or otherwise, and also goods and chattels, rights and credits, alien, grant, devise and dis-. pose of the same as they may deem proper, and may do all other things which a body politic and corporate may lawfully do to carry out and effect the objects and purposes of this act.”
The plaintiff in error contended, however, that though appointed by the act of 1909 to be trustee, the Town of Seaford was not by that or any other act, empowered to act as trustee. This was urged presumably as a reason why the town had not the right to maintain the action of ejectment. But the consequence does not follow.
It appears from the record that the defendant, without authority or right, and as a trespasser, encroached upon the ancient burial ground, occupied the part in question for commercial purposes by erecting thereon an engine room, pump room and ice storage house, and thereby desecrated it, and subjected it to a use wholly inconsistent with the general purpose for which the land was dedicated by the original grantor. Under these circumstances it was the duty of the town, as the holder of the legal title, to protect the trust property.
The object of the act of 1909 was expressed in its title, “An act constituting the Town of Seaford trustee for the Boachim Burial Ground,” and by it the legal title to the land was vested in the town “for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of said trust.” Such words in the clearest manner conferred the power and imposed the duty on the corporation to fully execute the trust created by the deed of James Conwell, and the bringing of the action of ejectment was a proper exercise of the powers conferred upon it, to terminate thereby the unlawful encroachment by the defendant upon the trust property. To act as trustee of the burial ground was a right given and duty imposed by the statute, and by necessary implication power was conferred on the town to make the right available and to enable it to discharge the duty so imposed. Sutherland on Statutory Construction, 343.
Inasmuch, therefore, as the plaintiff in the ejectment had the legal title to the land in question, had a right to bring the suit and was vested with power to execute the trust respecting the land, the court below was right (1) in admitting evidence of the appointment of the Town of Seaford as trustee by the Chancellor; (2)
The judgment of the court below is affirmed.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Richard Roe, Casual Ejector, and Jesse A. Wright, Tenant in Possession, below, in error v. John Doe, upon the demise of the Town of Seaford, a corporation of the State of Delaware, Trustee of Boachim Burial Ground, below, in error
- Cited By
- 3 cases
- Status
- Published
- Syllabus
- 1. Ejectment — Issues—Consent Rule. Where a proper consent rule is entered by a defendant in ejectment, defendant thereby confesses the fictitious lease averred by the real plaintiff, the entry of the fictitious casual ejector, and ouster by the latter of the fictitious lessee of the real plaintiff, so that such averments need not be proved; the only question remaining to be tried being the title to the land mentioned in the declaration and in the rule. 2. Ejectment — Title Required. In ejectment, plaintiff must prevail on the strength of his own title, and not on the weakness of or a defect in the title of his adversary. 3. Charities — Trustees—Public Charity. Where an owner of land conveyed the same to seven trustees, to be used as a burying ground, and after the death of the last surviving trustee, without another being appointed or elected, the Legislature passed Act March 15, 1909 (25 Del. Laws, c. 197), providing that all the estate vested in the trustees under such deed should be vested in defendant town to carry out the provisions of the trust the legal title to the land vested in the town, and not in the personal representative of deceased’s surviving trustee; the General Assembly having power to transfer the legal title to land held in trust for public purposes from one body or set of persons holding title to another, or to a particular coiporation. 4. Charities — Trustees—Appointment of Successors — Conveyance— Necessity. Where, after the death of a sole surviving trustee, to whom land had been conveyed for cemetery purposes, the Legislature, by Act March 15, 1909 (25 Del. Laws, c. 197), vested the title in the town no actual conveyance of the property was essential. 5. Charities — Trust for Town — Trustees—Power to Hold Title. Seaford Town Charter (23 Del. Laws, c. 194) § 6, providing that the town may purchase and hold lands, tenements, and hereditaments in fee simple or otherwise, and may do all other things which a body corporate may lawfully do to carry out the objects of the act, conferred on the town legal capacity to take title to property located in the town, and previously conveyed to trustees, since deceased, for a public burying ground. 6. Charities — Trustees—Municipal Corporation — Authority. Act March 15, 1909 (25 Del. Laws, c. 197), providing that all title previously vested in trustees under a deed to certain real estate for cemetery purposes shall be vested in the town of S. to carry out the provisions of the trust, having been duly passed, constituted an amendment of the town’s charter, so as to confer power on the town to take title to the property, if such power did not previously exist. 7. Evidence — Documentary Evidence — Judicial Record. Where a town, having succeeded to the title of certain cemetery property, conveyed in trust for cemetery purposes, brought ejectment to recover a part of the land from a trespasser, the record of the Court of Chancery, showing the appointment of the town as trustee, was admissible. 8. Charities — Death of Trustee — Holder of Legal Title — Powers. Where, after the death of a sole surviving trustee of land conveyed for cemetery purposes, the legal title became vested in the town by Act March 15, 1909 (25 Del. Laws, c. 197), in trust, the town had power to maintain ejectment against a trespasser, whether authorized to act as trustee or not. 9. Charities — Trustees—Qualification—Municipal Corporation. A municipal corporation was not disqualified to act as trustee of land conveyed in trust for cemetery purposes, under the rule that there is no inherent disqualification in a municipal corporation to execute a public charitable trust of a character not repugnant to its charter or general purposes.