Black v. State
Black v. State
Opinion of the Court
Black appeals from his judgment and sentence for possession of cocaine.
At the trial, the state’s expert witness, the chemist, testified she combined all of the alleged cocaine chunks into one bag (they had previously been separate packages) before randomly performing her test for crack cocaine on one of them. The state moved to admit the exhibit containing the combined pieces of cocaine into evidence. Defense counsel argued it should not be admitted and the court should enter a judgment of acquittal on
The trial court admitted the exhibit, but agreed with the prosecutor that the most the evidence established was one count of possession. The prosecutor elected to proceed on count two. The court granted Black’s motion for judgment of acquittal on count one and reduced the charge on count two to possession. The jury returned a guilty verdict on count two.
The fact that the chemist could not identify the piece of crack cocaine which was tested as having come from the sale to the undercover agent, or from the search incident to arrest is not fatal in this case. Black could have been found guilty of possession if he possessed the controlled substance at either time. See Lyons v. State, 807 So.2d 709 (Fla. 5th DCA 2002) (evidence was sufficient to convict defendant of trafficking in cocaine in an amount in excess of 400 grams, even though two bags of cocaine totaling 813.4 grams were commingled before they tested positive for cocaine); Collins v. State, 717 So.2d 186 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998), rev. denied, 729 So.2d 917 (Fla. 1999)(state provided adequate proof that defendant possessed at least 28 grams of cocaine; officers discovered 30 to 40 small bags containing what appeared to be crack cocaine, the contents were commingled into a single bag and lab analyst testified she randomly tested rocks of suspected cocaine and found 196.5 grams).
Black also argues that the court erred in attempting to cure the variance between the information and the evidence by combining and reducing the charges to one of simple possession.
Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.510(b) provides:
On an indictment or information on which the defendant is to be tried for any offense the jury may convict the defendant of:
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(b) any offense that as a matter of law is a necessarily included offense or a lesser included offense of the offense charged in the indictment or information and is supported by the evidence. The judge shall not instruct on any lesser included offense as to which there is no evidence.
Under this rule, the trial court may reduce the greater charge in an indictment or information to that charge which the evidence validly supports. Harris v. State, 650 So.2d 211 (Fla. 3d DCA), rev. denied, 660 So.2d 713 (Fla. 1995).
In this case, the state’s evidence was insufficient to establish two separate charges of delivery of cocaine and possession of cocaine with intent to sell or deliver because the chemist commingled the substances. Nevertheless, the evidence was sufficient to establish Black possessed the tested cocaine during the sale transaction as alleged in count two, since at the time he had all of the alleged contraband in his possession. Thus the court properly entered a judgment of acquittal on the delivery charge and also properly reduced the charge of possession with intent to sell or deliver to simple possession.
AFFIRMED.
. § 893.13(6)(a), Fla. Stat.
. § 893.13(1)(e) 1Fla. Stat.
. § 893.13(1)(e)1., Fla. Stat.
. § 843.02, Fla. Stat.
. Possession is a lesser included offense of possession with intent to sell. Keene v. State, 600 So.2d 513 (Fla. 2d DCA 1992).
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.