Hull v. Hull
Hull v. Hull
Opinion of the Court
Adam Hull ("Former Husband") appeals the supplemental final judgment denying his petition to relocate to Oregon with his three minor children that he shares with his ex-wife, Autumn Sexton Hull ("Former Wife").
The parties' marriage was dissolved in June 2014. The final judgment incorporated a mediated settlement agreement executed by the parties, which included a parenting plan outlining their parental responsibilities and time-sharing with the children.
In February 2017, Former Husband was residing in Volusia County when he filed the instant petition under section 61.13001, Florida Statutes (2017), to allow him and the children to relocate to a forty-acre farm in Eugene, Oregon, beginning in April 2017. At the time, the children were residing with Former Wife in Palm Coast, Florida, and Former Husband's time-sharing included a midweek dinner every week, alternate weekends, two seven-day blocks of time during the children's summer vacation, and evenly-split holidays. Former Husband alleged that it would be in the best interest of the children to relocate with him to Oregon because it would provide the children "with a stable household, safe community, increased household income, superior schooling, [and] a wholesome and more natural lifestyle." He also requested in his petition that the current time-sharing plan be modified so that Former Wife's time-sharing would now "follow the Volusia County Long Distance Parenting Plan."
The trial court's task in a relocation proceeding is to decide whether the requested relocation is in the best interest of the children. Chalmers v. Chalmers ,
A three-day trial on the parties' respective petitions was held in February 2018. By the time of trial, Former Husband had already voluntarily relocated to Oregon without the children. Both parties were given a full and fair opportunity at trial to present their evidence, and they both submitted written closing arguments to the court post-trial. In its detailed supplemental final judgment, the trial court addressed each factor under section 61.13001, as well as the twenty factors described in section 61.13, and specifically found that after weighing all of the factors in section 61.13001, it was not in the children's best interest for Former Husband and the children to relocate to Oregon. Although it acknowledged in its final judgment that Former Husband intended to remain in Oregon, regardless of the outcome of the case, the court declined to modify Former Husband's present time-sharing schedule because he had not separately filed a supplemental petition to modify time-sharing under section 61.13.
Former Husband's primary argument in this appeal is that the trial court erred as a matter of law in determining that absent his filing a petition or a count to modify timesharing under section 61.13, it lacked the authority under section 61.13001 to adjust his time-sharing schedule "to make it geographically viable" to accommodate his relocation to Oregon. Our review of a trial court's interpretation and application of the relocation statute is de novo. Brooks v. Brooks ,
Unlike earlier versions of the statute that focused on the relocation of the principal residence of the child,
Pertinent here, section 61.13001 provides that, if relocation is approved , the trial court has the authority and discretion to order or modify time-sharing, contact, access, telephone, internet, webcam, and other arrangements sufficient to ensure that the child has frequent, continuing, and meaningful contact with the nonrelocating parent, if financially affordable and in the best interest of the child. § 61.13001(9), Fla. Stat. (2017). Former Husband, in fact, requested that the court modify time-sharing for Former Wife, if his petition was granted. This statute, however, makes no provision for the trial court to modify time-sharing when the parent's relocation is not approved because it was not in the children's best interest, as happened here.
It is not the function of this court to rewrite section 61.13001 to provide that a parent who is denied relocation because the trial court finds that it is not in the children's best interest but who voluntarily relocates anyway is still entitled under the statute to have the trial court change the previously agreed upon time-sharing between the parents and their children.
Former Husband raises two other arguments. We reject his second argument that there is no competent substantial evidence to support the court's decision. The court analyzed the trial evidence against each of the statutory criteria listed in section 61.13001(7) and found that, among other things, the children were "thriving" in their present environment. A trial court's decision on relocation will be affirmed if the statutory findings are supported by competent substantial evidence, which they were here. Chalmers ,
Former Husband's remaining argument that the trial court erred in failing to consider Florida's "public policy" that "each minor child have frequent and continuing contact with both parents"
The supplemental final judgment denying relocation is AFFIRMED.
COHEN and EISNAUGLE, JJ., concur.
APPENDIX
*1140(Long Distance Contact Schedule More than 3 hours)
The parent who lives more than 50 miles and has more than a 3 hour commute to the local parent's residence, shall have the option to have the child(ren) every 3 day weekend during the school year. Said timesharing shall commence as early as practicable on the day before the holiday or Friday, whichever comes first, and shall conclude at 5:00 p.m. on Sunday or the day before school resumes, whichever is later. Additionally, the long distant parent may exercise a second weekend per month in the vicinity of the residence where the child(ren) are the majority of the time. In the event the parties are unable to agree which weekend, the first full weekend of the month shall be the weekend designated for timesharing. Said timesharing shall commence as early as practicable on the day school lets out or Friday, whichever comes first, and concludes at 5:00 p.m. Sunday or the day before school resumes, whichever is later.
The parent beginning his or her timesharing shall be responsible for picking up the child(ren) at the beginning of the timesharing period.
Parent/Child(ren) Contact - The child(ren) shall be permitted to have phone, e-mail, Skype, or Facetime communications with the other parent at least three times per week. If the parties are unable to agree, the child(ren) shall speak with the other parent on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays at 7:30 p.m. EST. Neither parent shall monitor, intercept, interrupt, or listen to communications between the child(ren) and the other parent absent a Court order authorizing them to do so.
See Holiday Contact Schedule (Long Distance) which addresses holidays and summer.
*1141(Holiday Contact Schedule - Long Distance)
Holiday Timesharing Supersedes the Long Distance Schedules.
Spring Break: The long distant parent shall have the child(ren) every year from immediately after school or daycare the day school recesses for the holiday until the day before school resumes.
Mother's Day Weekend: The Mother shall have the child(ren) for Mother's Day weekend each year from after school or daycare Friday until the day before school resumes. If Mother's Day falls on the Mother's regularly scheduled timesharing, then this paragraph does not apply.
Father's Day Weekend: The Father shall have the child(ren) for Father's Day weekend each year from after school or daycare Friday through the following Monday morning. If Father's Day falls on the Father's regularly scheduled summer timesharing, then this paragraph does not apply.
Thanksgiving Break: Parent one shall have the Thanksgiving Break in odd numbered years from immediately after school or daycare the day school recesses for the holiday until the day before school resumes. Parent two shall have the Thanksgiving Break in even numbered years from immediately after school or daycare the day school recesses for the holiday until the day before school resumes.
Christmas/Winter Break: Parent one shall have the week of the child(ren)'s two week winter break that includes Christmas in even number years and parent two shall have the week that includes New Years Day in even number years. Parent two shall have the week of the child(ren)'s two week winter break that includes Christmas in odd number years and parent one shall have the week that includes New Years Day in odd number years.
Check one of the following summer options:
[]Summer: The parties shall equally share the summer. If the parties are unable to agree as to how to share the summer, the long distant parent shall have the child(ren) the first half of the summer and the local parent shall have the child(ren) the second half of the summer.
[]Summer: The long distant parent shall have the entire summer except for a two week time period. Should the parties be unable to agree upon the two week time period, then the local parent shall have the child(ren) the last two weeks before school resumes.
Former Wife also petitioned to modify the final judgment of dissolution of marriage to be awarded sole parental responsibility over the children, to have Former Husband's time-sharing supervised, and for child support to be increased. The trial court granted Former Wife's petition as to child support but denied it as to the other grounds. Neither party challenges those rulings.
A copy of this plan is attached as an appendix to this opinion.
When first enacted in 2006, "relocation" was defined in section 61.13001 to mean a change in the principal residence of the child , with the term "principal residence of a child" meaning the home of the designated primary residential parent. § 61.13001(1)(g)-(h), Fla. Stat. (2006). The term "change of residence address" meant the relocation of a child more than fifty miles away from his or her principal residence at the time of the entry of the last order designating or modifying the designation of the primary residential parent or the custody of the minor child. § 61.13001(1)(a), Fla. Stat. (2006). Section 61.13001(7) also provided that there was no presumption for or against a request to relocate when the primary residential parent sought to move the child. In 2008, this subsection was amended to delete this reference to the "primary residential parent," and instead provided that a presumption does not arise in favor or against a request to relocate with the child when a parent seeks to move with the child. § 61.13001(7), Fla. Stat. (2008).
Section 61.13001 was last amended in 2009 to delete the reference to "change of residence address" in its entirety and to redefine "relocation" to mean at least a fifty-mile change in the location of the principal residence of a parent , from his or her principal residence at the time of the last order establishing or modifying time-sharing. § 61.13001(1), Fla. Stat. (2009).
To the extent that Former Husband is arguing that he did not have the burden of proving under section 61.13 that a substantial change in circumstances had occurred since the time of the final judgment to allow his relocation to Oregon with the minor children, we agree. As previously stated, under section 61.13001(7), there is no presumption for or against a parent relocating with a child, even where the move will materially affect the current time-sharing with the nonrelocating parent. All that is required is that the petitioning parent prove by the preponderance of the evidence at trial that his or her relocation is in the best interest of the child. § 61.13001(8). If that evidentiary burden is met, the burden shifts back to the nonrelocating parent to show, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the proposed relocation is not in the best interest of the child.
We recognize that this may present an anomaly in that a parent who moves forty-nine miles away from his or her principal place of residence and thereafter seeks to modify time-sharing would still appear to have to show under section 61.13 a substantial, material, and unanticipated change in circumstances, in addition to showing that the modification in time-sharing is in the child's best interest, yet, under section 61.13001, the parent who petitions to relocate his or her principal residence fifty-one miles away or, as in this case, 3000 miles away, starts with no presumption for or against the requested relocation. To the extent that this dichotomy in the evidentiary burdens needs to be remedied, that task is best left to the Florida Legislature.
We reject, without further discussion, Former Husband's argument that the court had previously ordered him to finalize his purchase of a home in Oregon.
See § 61.13(2)(c) 1., Fla. Stat. (2017).
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.