Johnson v. Bennett Auto Supply, Inc.
Johnson v. Bennett Auto Supply, Inc.
Opinion of the Court
THIS CAUSE is before the Court upon Defendant's Motion to Dismiss Plaintiff's Amended Complaint (the "Motion"). See ECF No. [34]. The Court has reviewed the Motion, all supporting and opposing submissions, the record and applicable law, and is otherwise fully advised. For the reasons that follow, Defendant's Motion is denied.
I. BACKGROUND
Plaintiff Kim Patrick Johnson ("Plaintiff") resides in Margate, Florida. See ECF No. [23], at ¶ 4. Defendant Bennett Auto Supply, Inc. ("Defendant"), a Florida corporation, has a few stores throughout Florida that "sells parts, tools, equipment, and other products related to car care." Id. at ¶ 6. Plaintiff worked for Defendant for about 27 years until he was terminated on January 24, 2017. Id. at ¶¶ 9-10.
Plaintiff initially worked for Defendant in a counter sales position that consisted of "taking orders over the phone, helping walk in clients," and managing clients' accounts. Id. at ¶¶ 10-11. Plaintiff worked in a counter sales position for 22 years. Id. at ¶ 10. For the first twelve years, Plaintiff worked at Defendant's store in Oakland Park. Id. Plaintiff thereafter worked at Defendant's store in Plantation, under manager Mario Acosta ("Acosta"), for ten years. Id. At all times Plaintiff's work was satisfactory, and in 2012, Plaintiff was the *1281second highest sales writer of Defendant's store in Plantation. Id. at ¶¶ 10, 12.
Before 2012, Plaintiff suffered from rheumatoid arthritis for several years. Id. at ¶ 13. In 2012, Plaintiff's arthritis worsened significantly, such that Plaintiff could not stand or sit for long periods of times or lift heavy weights. Id. As a result of this development, in May 2012, Plaintiff asked Acosta to provide a stool to avoid standing for a significant amount of time. Id. at ¶ 14. Acosta asked for a doctor's letter confirming Plaintiff's medical condition. Id. Plaintiff provided Acosta with a doctor's letter stating Plaintiff was unable to lift weights exceeding sixty pounds, and could not stand for extended periods of time. Id. at ¶ 15. Acosta then provided Plaintiff a stool to accommodate his disability. Id. at ¶ 16. However, at the same time, Defendant instructed Plaintiff that "since the store had already accommodated him by providing him with the stool," Plaintiff could no longer take the two fifteen minute breaks given each day to all other employees. Id. Defendant then transferred Plaintiff four times to three different stores over a twenty-one-month period. Id. at ¶ 17. Each time that Defendant transferred Plaintiff, Defendant's agents and employees encouraged Plaintiff to resign. Id. at ¶ 23.
In 2014, Acosta and Anita Smith ("Smith"), who oversaw Defendant's Human Resources Department, notified Plaintiff about mistakes he made using the new MAM system that Defendant was implementing. Id. at ¶ 19. Plaintiff did not receive proper training on how to use the MAM system. Id. Nevertheless, Acosta and Smith told Plaintiff that because of his mistakes using the system, Plaintiff had to be demoted to cashier, which was a lesser paid position. Id. at ¶ 19. However, right before starting the new position, Defendant informed Plaintiff that he had to be a warehouse driver if he wished to continue working with Defendant, as there were no cashier positions open. Id. at ¶ 20. Defendant's agents and employees again encouraged Plaintiff to resign. Id. at ¶ 23. The warehouse driver position entailed driving from warehouses to stores and loading and unloading the truck. Id. at ¶ 21. Plaintiff, because of his rheumatoid arthritis, could not sit for long periods of time or lift weights exceeding sixty pounds. See Id. Yet Plaintiff felt he had no choice, and took the warehouse driver job because he did not want lose his job at the place he had worked for about twenty-four years. Id. at ¶ 22. Plaintiff struggled in the driver position, especially quickly loading and unloading the truck, because of his rheumatoid arthritis. Id. at ¶ 24. As a result, Defendant complained about Plaintiff's job performance, stating that Plaintiff was not keeping on time with the delivery schedule. Id. After Plaintiff got into a truck accident on January 16, 2017, Defendant fired Plaintiff. Id. at ¶ 25.
Plaintiff alleges that Defendant created a hostile work environment by altering the terms and conditions of his employment due to his disability. Id. at ¶ 26. Additionally, Plaintiff maintains that Defendant's stated reason for terminating Plaintiff was a pretext for unlawful discrimination. See Id. Plaintiff alleges he suffered "severe emotional distress, loss of wages, loss of bonuses, loss of health insurance, and loss of other employee benefits." See Id. at ¶ 27.
On April 28, 2017, Plaintiff filed a charged with the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ("EEOC") against Defendant for harassment and discrimination on the job and claiming Plaintiff's termination was due to discrimination. Id. at ¶ 28. On September 28, 2017, EEOC gave Plaintiff Notice of Right to Sue Defendant. Id. at ¶ 29. On April 6, *12822018, Plaintiff filed the Amended Complaint, alleging one Count of unlawful disability discrimination in violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act ("ADA"). See ECF No. [23]. Defendant thereafter moved to dismiss. See ECF No. [34]. The parties have filed their opposing and supporting submissions. See ECF Nos. [35], [36]. The Motion is ripe for consideration.
II. Legal Standard
Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), a court may dismiss a complaint, or a portion thereof, for "failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted." In reviewing a motion to dismiss, the Court must accept the factual allegations as true and construe them broadly in the light most favorable to the plaintiff. See Watts v. Fla. Int'l Univ. ,
III. DISCUSSION
Defendant raises two arguments in support of dismissal. First, Defendant argues that Plaintiff's claim should be dismissed because the EEOC issued a notice of a right to sue before the 180-day administrative period expired. See ECF No. [34], at 4-6. Second, Defendant maintains that Plaintiff does not state a cause of action. Id. at 6-8. The Court addresses each argument in turn.
A. EEOC issued a notice of right to sue before 180-day administrative period.
Defendant first argues that Plaintiff's claims should be dismissed because the EEOC did not follow its own regulations when it issued a notice of right to sue within 180 days. More specifically, Defendant contends that Plaintiff has failed to exhaust his administrative remedies by virtue of the EEOC's premature issuance of a notice of right to sue letter that failed to indicate that the EEOC was unable to complete its administrative processing of the charge within 180 days, as required by
In Sims v. Trus Joist MacMillan ,
(1)29 C.F.R. § 1601.28 (a) does not prohibit the EEOC from issuing an early right to sue notice prior to the expiration of a 180-day period; (2) the purpose of the 180-day period is to protect the aggrieved party from extended administrative proceedings or bureaucratic backlog; and (3) where the EEOC determines, due to its huge backlog, that it cannot investigate an aggrieved party's charge within the 180-day period and notifies the aggrieved party that it is terminating its investigative efforts, it is pointless for the aggrieved party to stand by and mark time until the 180-day period expires.
Thus, Sims makes it clear that the EEOC's premature issuance of a notice of right to sue letter does not preclude a plaintiff from filing suit in federal court before the expiration of the 180-day statutory period. Such an argument "is in conflict with the statute, congressional intent, and policy considerations."
B. Claim for Unlawful Disability Discrimination under the ADA.
Defendant also argues that Plaintiff does not state a cause of action under the ADA. See ECF No. [34], at 6. Plaintiff brings forth one claim of disability discrimination under the ADA. See ECF No. [23], at 5. Under the ADA, Plaintiff must establish the following three elements to have a prima facie case: (1) the plaintiff "has a disability"; (2) the plaintiff is a "qualified individual"; and (3) the plaintiff was discriminated against because of a disability. See Harris v. H & W Contracting Co. ,
1. Plaintiff has a disability
A "disability" includes a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits *1284one or more major life activities of such individual ...."
Defendant urges that "the Court should note that numerous rheumatoid arthritis cases hold that rheumatoid arthritis is often not a disability under the ADA" and cites to two cases from different jurisdictions: Graver v. Nat'l Eng'g Co. , No.
Moreover, in Barnes , the court on summary judgment found that the plaintiff did not have a disability. Barnes,
2. Plaintiff is a Qualified Individual
Defendant argues that Plaintiff is not qualified because Plaintiff crashed the vehicle. See ECF No. [34], at 7; See ECF No. [36], at 5. A qualified individual, under the ADA, is an employee capable of performing *1285"the essential functions" of the job held or the job sought "with or without reasonable accommodation." Reed v. Heil Co. ,
Plaintiff has sufficiently alleged that he was a qualified individual because Plaintiff could perform all the "fundamental job duties" when he was a driver. See Reed v. Heil Co. ,
Defendant cites to several cases in in support of their argument that the accident makes Plaintiff an unqualified individual. See ECF No. [36], at 5. However, none of the cases are persuasive as the cases do not support the contention that crashing a company's vehicle makes Plaintiff an unqualified individual under the ADA, and therefore, supports dismissal. See
The second case Defendant cites is Kalkhorst v. UPS, Inc. ,
The final case Defendant cites is Baur v. J.B. Hunt Transp., Inc. , No. 01-CV-10266-BC,
Here, the facts as alleged are inapposite. The Defendant demoted Plaintiff from a cashier position that he successfully held for twenty-four years, and assigned Plaintiff to be a warehouse driver even though Defendant knew that Plaintiff had rheumatoid arthritis and would struggle as a driver given that he could not sit for long periods of time or lift weights heavier than sixty pounds. See ECF No. [23], at 2-4. While Plaintiff indeed struggled, especially in "quickly" loading and unloading the truck due to his arthritis, Plaintiff nonetheless remained in the position, seemingly without incident, for three to four years.
*1286See Id. at 4. Defendant then fired Plaintiff after crashing the company's vehicle once. See Id. Besides this one accident, Defendant could not point to any other facts that show Plaintiff was not a qualified individual driver. Thus, taking the allegations as true and viewing them in a light most favorable Plaintiff, the Court finds that Plaintiff is a qualified individual under the ADA.
3. Discrimination based on a disability
Plaintiff has alleged that he was subject to a series of discriminatory and adverse employment actions, including termination. See ECF No. [23], at ¶¶ 14-17, 19-21, 23-25. Discrimination under the ADA applies to "adverse actions" that are not as extreme as termination of the employee. See McNely v. Ocala Star-Banner Corp. ,
Accepting all the allegations as true, but-for Plaintiff notifying Defendant about his rheumatoid arthritis, Defendant would not have forbidden Plaintiff from taking breaks, encouraged Plaintiff to resign, transferred Plaintiff numerous times in a short amount of time, demoted Plaintiff to a position that Defendant knew would be more difficult for him to perform, and ultimately fired Plaintiff. See McNely v. Ocala Star-Banner Corp.
IV. CONCLUSION
The Court finds that EEOC issuing a notice of right to sue before the 180-day administrative period expired does not disqualify Plaintiff's claim. Additionally, Plaintiff alleged enough facts to establish that Defendant discriminated against Plaintiff in violation of the ADA. As a *1287result, it is ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that
1. Defendant's Motion to Dismiss, ECF No. [34], is DENIED .
2. Defendant shall file its Answer to the Complaint no later than August 10, 2018.
DONE AND ORDERED in Miami, Florida, this 31st day of July, 2018.
As such, whether the EEOC's notice in this case came with a certification that it was unable to process the charge within 180 days is immaterial to whether Plaintiff can sue. See Forehand ,
Accordingly, Plaintiff's complaints about incidents of discrimination that occurred more than 300 days before Plaintiff filed a charge with the EEOC are not discarded, since Plaintiff alleges that all the adverse actions he suffered are part of the same general claim that Defendant began discriminating against him once Defendant learned about Plaintiff's disability. See National R.R. Passenger Corp. ,
The Court need not address Defendant's argument that Plaintiff's Complaint should be dismissed for Plaintiff's violation of the Court's orders "because the penalty is so drastic [that] a district court may dismiss a case ... only where there is a clear record of delay or willful contempt and a finding that lesser sanctions would not suffice." See Kilgo v. Ricks ,
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Kim Patrick JOHNSON v. BENNETT AUTO SUPPLY, INC.
- Cited By
- 3 cases
- Status
- Published