Supreme Court of Florida
                               ____________

                          No. SC2024-0883
                            ____________

    IN RE: AMENDMENTS TO FLORIDA RULES OF CRIMINAL
               PROCEDURE 3.116 AND 3.132.

                             April 3, 2025

PER CURIAM.

     The Criminal Court Steering Committee (CCSC) filed a report

proposing amendments to Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.132

(Pretrial Detention). 1 The report was in response to a referral letter

from the Court asking the CCSC to consider amendments to rule

3.132 in light of recent changes to section 907.041, Florida

Statutes. See ch. 2023-27, § 4, Laws of Fla. These changes went

into effect January 1, 2024.

     After considering the CCSC’s report, the comments received,

the CCSC’s response to the comments, and the oral argument held

on February 6, 2025, we hereby amend rule 3.132 as proposed by


     1. We have jurisdiction. See art. V, § 2(a), Fla. Const.; see
also Fla. R. Gen. Prac. & Jud. Admin. 2.140.
the CCSC in its response to comments, with slight modification. As

rewritten today, the rule requires that a person arrested for a

dangerous crime as defined by section 907.041 must not be

released from jail before first appearance. It sets out what a motion

for pretrial detention must contain, when such motion can be made

and heard, and the circumstances under which a hearing on such

motion can be continued. The rule enumerates custody and release

conditions; identifies which judge shall hear the motion; and

describes the defendant’s rights at the hearing, the evidence

required at the hearing, how communication technology may be

used, and the burden of proof to be borne by the State at the

hearing. And the rule outlines what an order granting or denying

pretrial detention must provide, and the circumstances under

which it may be reconsidered by the court. A short note is added to

explain the revision of the rule.

     In adopting these amendments, we modify the CCSC’s

updated proposal in several respects. In new subdivision (e)

(Continuances), the rule allows either party to seek a continuance.

A party may obtain a continuance for more than five days if the

court finds such a delay to be justified by extenuating


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circumstances; or the parties may obtain a continuance for more

than five days by agreement, with court approval. We adopt a

shorter and modified version of the CCSC’s proposed note regarding

these amendments. Based on the changes to rule 3.132, we also

amend rule 3.116(b) (Use of Communication Technology; Generally)

to add 3.132(j) to the list of rules governing their own use of audio-

video communication technology.

     The Court hereby amends the Florida Rules of Criminal

Procedure as reflected in the appendix to this opinion. New

language is indicated by underscoring; deletions are indicated by

struck-through type. The amendments shall become effective

May 1, 2025, at 12:01 a.m.

     It is so ordered.

MUÑIZ, C.J., and CANADY, LABARGA, COURIEL, GROSSHANS,
FRANCIS, and SASSO, JJ., concur.

THE FILING OF A MOTION FOR REHEARING SHALL NOT ALTER
THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THESE AMENDMENTS.

Original Proceeding – Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure

Judge Joseph A. Bulone, Chair, Criminal Court Steering
Committee, Clearwater, Florida, Judge Thomas D. Winokur, on
behalf of the Criminal Court Steering Committee, Tallahassee,
Florida, and Bart Schneider, Staff Liaison, Office of the State Courts
Administrator, Tallahassee, Florida,


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     for Petitioner

Ross Weiner, Fort Lauderdale, Florida; Stacy Scott, President,
Florida Public Defender Association, Inc., Gainesville, Florida, and
Robert Porter, Assistant Public Defender, Fifteenth Judicial Circuit
of Florida, on behalf of the Florida Public Defender Association,
Inc., West Palm Beach, Florida; Carlos J. Martinez, Public Defender,
Eleventh Judicial Circuit of Florida, Miami, Florida, John Eddy
Morrison, Assistant Public Defender, Eleventh Judicial Circuit of
Florida, Miami, Florida, and Andrew Stanton, Assistant Public
Defender, Eleventh Judicial Circuit of Florida, Miami, Florida;
Jason Cromey of Cromey Law, P.A., on behalf of the Florida
Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers, Pensacola, Florida; Judge
Laura E. Ward, Chair, Criminal Procedure Rules Committee,
Tampa, Florida, Joshua E. Doyle, Executive Director, The Florida
Bar, Tallahassee, Florida, and Michael Hodges, Staff Liaison, The
Florida Bar, Tallahassee, Florida; James Uthmeier, Attorney
General, Jeffrey Paul DeSousa, Chief Deputy Solicitor General,
Bridget K. O’Hickey, Deputy Solicitor General, Darrick W. Monson,
Assistant Solicitor General, Office of the Attorney General,
Tallahassee, Florida; and Douglas A. Wyler of Jacobs Scholz &
Wyler, LLC, on behalf of the Florida Prosecuting Attorneys
Association, Inc., Fernandina Beach, Florida, and Abraham R.
Thornburg, Assistant State Attorney, Twentieth Judicial Circuit of
Florida, on behalf of the Florida Prosecuting Attorneys Association,
Inc., Fort Myers, Florida,

     Responding with comments




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                               APPENDIX

RULE 3.116.      USE OF COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

     (a)   [No Change]

     (b) Generally. Use of communication technology in
proceedings subject to the Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure is
governed by this rule, except that rules 3.130(a), 3.132(j), 3.160(a),
3.180(b), 3.220(h), and 3.851(f) govern the use of audio-video
communication technology in the manner authorized by those
rules.

     (c) – (e)   [No Change]

 WORKGROUP ON THE CONTINUITY OF COURT OPERATIONS
  AND PROCEEDINGS DURING AND AFTER COVID-19 NOTE

                               [No Change]

RULE 3.132. PRETRIAL DETENTION

      (a) Motion Filed at First Appearance. A person arrested
for an offense for which detention may be ordered under section
907.041, Florida Statutes, shall be taken before a judicial officer
for a first appearance within 24 hours of arrest. The state may file
with the judicial officer at first appearance a motion seeking
pretrial detention, signed by the state attorney or an assistant,
setting forth with particularity the grounds and the essential facts
on which pretrial detention is sought and certifying that the state
attorney has received testimony under oath supporting the
grounds and the essential facts alleged in the motion. If no such
motion is filed, the judicial officer may inquire whether the state
intends to file a motion for pretrial detention, and if so, grant the
state no more than three days to file a motion under this
subdivision. Upon a showing by the state of probable cause that
the defendant committed the offense and exigent circumstances,
the defendant shall be detained in custody pending the filing of
the motion. If, after inquiry, the State indicates it does not intend

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to file a motion for pretrial detention, or fails to establish exigent
circumstances for holding defendant in custody pending the filing
of the motion, or files a motion that is facially insufficient, the
judicial officer shall proceed to determine the conditions of release
pursuant to the provisions of rule 3.131(b). If the motion for
pretrial detention is facially sufficient, the judicial officer shall
proceed to determine whether there is probable cause that the
person committed the offense. If probable cause is found, the
person may be detained in custody pending a final hearing on
pretrial detention. If probable cause is established after first
appearance pursuant to the provisions of rule 3.133 and the
person has been released from custody, the person may be
recommitted to custody pending a final hearing on pretrial
detention.

      (b) Motion Filed after First Appearance. A motion for
pretrial detention may be filed at any time prior to trial. The
motion shall be made to the court with trial jurisdiction. On
receipt of a facially sufficient motion and a determination of
probable cause, unless otherwise previously established, that an
offense eligible for pretrial detention has been committed, the
following shall occur:
            (1) In the event of exigent circumstances, the court
shall issue a warrant for the arrest of the named person, if the
person has been released from custody. The person may be
detained in custody pending a final hearing on pretrial
detention.

           (2) In the absence of exigent circumstances, the
court shall order a hearing on the motion as provided in (c)
below.

     (c)   Final Order.

           (1) Hearing Required. A final order of pretrial
detention shall be entered only after a hearing in the court of trial
jurisdiction. The hearing shall be held within 5 days of the filing
of the motion or the date of taking the person in custody
pursuant to a motion for pretrial detention, whichever is later.


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The state attorney has the burden of showing beyond a
reasonable doubt the need for pretrial detention pursuant to the
criteria in section 907.041, Florida Statutes. The defendant may
request a continuance. The state shall be entitled to 1
continuance for good cause. No continuance shall exceed 5 days
unless there are extenuating circumstances. The defendant may
be detained pending the hearing, but in no case shall the
defendant be detained in excess of 10 days, unless the delay is
sought by the defendant. The person sought to be detained is
entitled to representation by counsel, to present witnesses and
evidence, and to cross-examine witnesses. The court may admit
relevant evidence and testimony under oath without complying
with the rules of evidence, but evidence secured in violation of the
United States Constitution or the Constitution of the State of
Florida shall not be admissible. A final order of pretrial detention
shall not be based exclusively on hearsay evidence. No testimony
by the defendant shall be admissible to prove the guilt of the
defendant at any other judicial proceeding, but may be admitted
in an action for perjury based on the defendant’s statements
made at the pretrial detention hearing or for impeachment.

           (2) Findings and Conclusions to Be Recorded. The
court’s pretrial detention order shall be based solely on evidence
produced at the hearing and shall contain findings of fact and
conclusions of law to support it. The order shall be made either
in writing or orally on the record. The court shall render its
findings within 24 hours of the pretrial detention hearing.

            (3) Dissolution of Order. The defendant shall be
entitled to dissolution of the pretrial detention order whenever
the court finds that a subsequent event has eliminated the basis
for detention.

           (4) Further Proceedings on Order. If any trial court
enters a final order of pretrial detention, the defendant may obtain
review by motion to the appropriate appellate court. If motion for
review is taken to the supreme court or the district court of
appeal, notice and a copy of the motion shall be served on the
attorney general and the state attorney; if review is taken to the
circuit court, service shall be on the state attorney.

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     (a) First Appearance Required for Dangerous Crimes.
A person arrested for a dangerous crime listed in section
907.041, Florida Statutes, must not be released from jail before
his or her first appearance.

     (b) Contents of Motion. A motion for pretrial
detention must be in writing and must set forth with
particularity the grounds and the essential facts on which it
is based.

      (c) Time for Motion. A motion for pretrial detention may
be filed any time before trial.

      (d) Time for Hearing. If a judge determines there is probable
cause to believe the defendant committed a capital felony, a life
felony, or a first-degree felony, listed as a dangerous crime in section
907.041, Florida Statutes, a pretrial detention hearing must be held
within 5 days after first appearance, or, if there is no first
appearance, within 5 days after arraignment. Otherwise, the
hearing must be held within 5 days after the filing of a motion for
pretrial detention.

      (e) Continuances. Either the state or the defendant
may seek a continuance. The state must show good cause for
a continuance. A continuance may not exceed 5 days unless
the court finds that extenuating circumstances justify any
further delay, or upon agreement of the parties with approval
of the court. The state may not be granted more than one
continuance.

     (f)   Custody; Release Conditions.

            (1) Dangerous Crime. At first appearance, a judge
must not grant nonmonetary pretrial release if there is probable
cause to believe the defendant committed a dangerous crime listed
in section 907.041, Florida Statutes. After first appearance and
after a finding of probable cause, a person arrested for a
dangerous crime listed in section 907.041, Florida Statutes, may
not be released on nonmonetary conditions under the supervision
of a pretrial release service unless the service certifies to the court


                                  -8-
that it has investigated or otherwise verified the conditions set
forth in section 907.041(3)(b), Florida Statutes.

            (2) Pretrial Detention Motion Filed at First Appearance.
The defendant may be held in custody pending the completion of a
detention hearing if there is probable cause for the arrest and if
the state filed a motion for pretrial detention at first appearance.

           (3) State Announces at First Appearance its Intent to
Move for Pretrial Detention. If there is probable cause for the
arrest, a defendant may be held in jail for up to 4 days if the state
informs the judge at first appearance that it intends to file a
motion for pretrial detention under section 907.041, Florida
Statutes. If the state does not file a motion for pretrial detention
within the 4 days, a judge must determine conditions of release or
continued detention under rule 3.131.

          (4) State Does Not Announce Intent to Move for Pretrial
Detention at First Appearance. If there is probable cause for the
arrest and if the state does not inform the judge at first
appearance that it intends to file a motion for pretrial detention
under section 907.041, Florida Statutes, the judge must
determine conditions of release or continued detention under rule
3.131.

           (5) Pretrial Detention Motion Filed After First
Appearance. If the state filed a motion for pretrial detention after
first appearance and if there is probable cause to believe the
defendant committed the crime for which pretrial detention is
sought, the defendant may be held in custody pending the
completion of the detention hearing, or the judge may issue either
an order to appear or a warrant. The defendant may be held in
custody pending the completion of the detention hearing if he or
she were arrested on a warrant issued under this subdivision. For
a defendant out of custody, if the state is pursuing pretrial
detention under section 907.041, Florida Statutes, the state does
not need to show good cause as required by rule 3.131(d).

            (6) Bail Pending Hearing. If a defendant is released on
bail for a dangerous crime that is a capital felony, a life felony, or a


                                  -9-
first-degree felony pending the completion of a detention hearing,
the court must inform the defendant that if a surety bond is used
to satisfy the monetary component of pretrial release and the
motion for pretrial detention is subsequently granted, the
defendant will not be entitled to return of the premium on the
surety bond.

       (g) Jurisdiction. A motion for pretrial detention must be
heard by a judge with jurisdiction to conduct the defendant’s
trial.

     (h) Rights at Hearing. The defendant is entitled to
representation by counsel, to present witnesses and evidence,
and to cross-examine witnesses who testify at the detention
hearing. No testimony by the defendant shall be admissible to
prove guilt at any other judicial proceeding, but such testimony
may be admitted in an action for perjury, based upon the
defendant’s statements made at the detention hearing, or for
impeachment.

      (i)  Evidence. Evidence secured in violation of the United
States Constitution or the Constitution of the State of Florida is
inadmissible. The rules concerning admissibility of evidence in
criminal trials do not apply to the presentation and consideration
of information at the hearing.

      (j) Communication Technology. A judge may allow
testimony using communication technology upon a showing of
good cause. Oaths must be administered in accordance with
Florida Rule of General Practice and Judicial Administration
2.530.

      (k) Burden of Proof. The state bears the burden of proving
the need for pretrial detention under the substantial probability in
section 907.041, Florida Statutes.

     (l)   Order.

          (1) Hearing Required. An order granting or
denying pretrial detention must be issued after a hearing.



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           (2) Findings. The order may be based solely on
hearsay but must be based solely upon evidence introduced at the
hearing and must be supported by findings of fact and
conclusions of law. The order must be made either in writing or
orally on the record within 24 hours of the conclusion of the
hearing.

             (3) Mandatory Detention Order. The judge must order
pretrial detention if the judge finds a substantial probability the
defendant committed a capital felony, a life felony, or a first-
degree felony, listed as a dangerous crime in section 907.041,
Florida Statutes, and based on the defendant’s past and present
patterns of behavior, consideration of the criteria in section
903.046, Florida Statutes, and any other relevant facts, that no
conditions of release or bail will reasonably protect the community
from risk of physical harm, ensure the presence of the defendant
at trial, or assure the integrity of the judicial process.

      (m) Reconsideration. Either party may move for the order
granting or denying pretrial detention to be reconsidered any time
before trial if the judge finds that information exists that was not
known to the party moving for reconsideration at the time of the
hearing and that such information has a material bearing on
determining whether there are conditions of release or bail that
will reasonably assure the appearance of the defendant as
required and the safety of any other person and the community
from harm. The defendant is entitled to dissolution of a pretrial
detention order if the court finds that a subsequent event
eliminated the basis for detention.

            Criminal Court Steering Committee Note

2025 Amendment. Rule 3.132 was substantially revised to
reflect chapters 2023-27 and 2024-157, Laws of Florida. Rule
3.132 applies to pretrial detention under section 907.041, Florida
Statutes. An example of an extenuating circumstance under rule
3.132(e) is the pretrial confinement of the defendant on other
pending charges, or his or her lawful confinement on another
basis.



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