National Life & Accident Insurance v. Moore
National Life & Accident Insurance v. Moore
Opinion of the Court
Although it appears that the allegations in the defendant’s original answer, referring to the dealings between Moore and Langston as to the payment of the premium, were stricken by the trial court on special demurrer, essentially the same facts were included in a subsequent amendment to the answer which the court allowed and ordered filed, and it does not appear from the record before this court that the plaintiff preserved any exception to the allowance of this latter amendment. Thus, viewed in the state in which the pleadings reached this court, at the time of the trial the defenses presented by the answer were: (1) the contract of insurance was void for a material misrepresentation in the application with reference to the applicant’s use of intoxicants; (2) the first premium had not been paid as recited in the premium receipt. The defense that the application for insurance had never been approved, the major defense when the case was here before, was eliminated from the case by the defendant’s admission in its answer that, although the policy was issued (and the policy would scarcely be issued if the application had not been approved), it had not been delivered. Thus, eliminating for the moment the question of the propriety of the recovery of the statutory penalty and attorney’s fees, the questions for solution are narrowed, under the general grounds, to whether the contract for insurance was void for a material misrepresentation in the application, or whether the contract never became of force because the first premium had never in fact been paid.
In National Life & Accident Ins. Co. v. Barnes, 61 Ga. App. 730 (1) (7 S. E. 2d, 299), it was held that in applications for insurance the question, “To what extent do you now, or have you in the past, used intoxicants, morphine, cocaine, or other habit-forming drugs?” is “generally held to have reference to the ‘habitual’ or ‘customary’ use of such drugs or drinks, and does not refer to an ‘occasional’ or ‘exceptional’ use of such
Under the decision of this court when the case was here before, the contract of insurance, evidenced by the “binder receipt” became of force when the application for insurance was approved. The approval of the application was admitted, as we have said. The binder receipt reciting the payment of the first monthly premium was intro'duced in evidence, and Langston, the defendant’s soliciting agent, testified that, at the time the application was prepared and the premium receipt was issued on June 10, Moore delivered to him, Langston, his daily newspaper for which Langston paid him at the end of the month, and that they agreed that at the end of the month Moore would mark the newspaper account paid up and Langston would pay the first monthly premium. There was evidence that the records of the defendant company indicated that the first monthly premium had been paid; that the company accepted the agent’s word as to the payment of the premium by the applicant and settled with the agent once a month for such premiums; that is, under the custom followed by the company with its agent, the agent was required to pay over to the company, between the first and tenth of the following month, the premiums which he had collected on insurance which he had written and sent in to the company in any one month. There was evidence that other records of the company, those of its cashier, indicated that the premium had never been paid. In its first answer to the plain
It follows, therefore, that the jury were authorized to find, as they obviously did, that the insurance was in force at the time of ihe insured’s death and was due and payable at the time of the trial.
As has been pointed out earlier, the plaintiff, after all the evidence was in, amended her petition so as to include the statutory penalty and attorney’s fees provided for by Code § 56-706. In order to recover under this section, it is necessary that it appear that the insurance company’s refusal to pay the loss was in bad .faith, and the mala fides of the company is generally a question for the jury. Liberty Mutual Ins. Co. v. A. C. L. R. Co., 66 Ga. App. 826, 834 (9 S. E. 2d, 377), and cases cited. The insured died on June 12, 1949. By March 21, 1950, at which time formal demand was made for payment, payment had not been made. On July 31, 1950, suit was filed by the plaintiff. The defendant in its answer first admited that the first monthly premium had been paid, but contended that the application for insurance had never been approved, approval of the application constituting a condition precedent to the insurance of the applicant. By amendment, these positions taken by the defendant were reversed, and it was then contended that, although the application had been approved, the premium had never been paid. Certain marks on the application, which was in the possession of the defendant, when explained by the defendant’s own witnesses, showed that in fact the application had been approved and that this evidence was before the defendant at the time the defense of “no approval” was made. In addition to reversing its positions, the defendant set up the defense of a material misrepresentation in that the applicant had answered “None” to the question as to the extent to which
From what has been said in division 1 of this opinion concerning the agreement between the applicant for insurance and the defendant’s agent as to the payment by the agent of the first monthly premium, the exclusion of the evidence upon which error is assigned in special ground 1 (numbered 4) was harmless, and this ground is without merit.
Evidence showing the insured to have been intoxicated at the time of the accident which resulted in his death, and which was subsequent to the time of the issuance of the “binder receipt,” in the absence of any evidence showing a prior habit of using intoxicants, in no way illustrated the falsity of the in-, sured’s representation made in the application as to his use of intoxicants at the time of, or prior to, the issuance of the receipt and the preparation of the application; nor would such evidence
In special ground 3 (numbered 6), error is assigned upon the trial court’s refusal of the defendant’s motion for a continuance, on the ground of surprise occasioned by the plaintiff’s amendment adding allegations and a prayer for the statutory penalty and attorney’s fees, after all the evidence had been introduced. A party may at any stage of the cause amend his pleadings in all respects, whether in matter of form or of substance. Code, § 81-1301. In view of the history of the case and the evidence on the hearing for a continuance, the trial court was authorized to determine that the defendant would not by a continuance be placed in any better position than it was at the trial to defend against the demand for the statutory penalty and attorney’s fees, made in the plaintiff’s amendment; and the trial court did not, therefore, abuse its discretion in overruling the motion for a continuance. Weil v. Schoenberg, 36 Ga. App. 706 (137 S. E. 842); Deen v. Wheeler, 7 Ga. App. 507 (67 S. E. 212).
The trial court did not err in overruling the motion for a new trial for any reason assigned.
Judgment affirmed.
070rehearing
On Motion for Rehearing.
Counsel for the defendant in their motion for a rehearing lay great stress upon the rule that, where admissions have been made in pleadings which are stricken subsequently, they can not be used as solemn admissions in judicio so as to estop the pleader’s denial or explanation of such admissions. No such effect was given the defendant's admission of payment of the premium in this case. The admission of payment in the original answer, which was later stricken, was introduced in evidence by the plaintiff and was entitled to be considered along with the various other pros and cons on the question of payment of the premium. No other effect was given or intended to be given by this court to such admission.
As we have already pointed out in the original opinion in this case, it is the habitual or customary use of intoxicants which would materially increase the risk to the insurer, so that a
We have held in the original opinion that there was evidence from which the jury was authorized to find that the first premium was actually paid; and this being so, the following cases relied upon by counsel for the defendant are entirely beside the point: Scurry v. Cotton States Life Ins. Co., 51 Ga. 625; Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. v. Thompson, 20 Ga. App. 706 (93 S. E. 299); Reese v. Fidelity Mutual Life Association, 111 Ga. 482 (36 S. E. 637); Clark v. Mutual Life Ins. Co., 129 Ga. 571 (59 S. E. 283); Reliance Life Ins. Co. v. Hightower, 23 Ga. App. 573 (99 S. E. 140); Penn Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. Blount, 37 Ga. App. 756 (142 S. E. 183); Penn Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. Blount, 165 Ga. 193 (140 S. E. 496). In none of those cases was such a finding authorized.
Rehearing denied.
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