Crawford v. Theo
Crawford v. Theo
Opinion of the Court
The general demurrer, stating that “the petition as a whole, nor do any of its separate parts, paragraphs or counts set forth a cause of action against the defendant,” and the special demurrers, followed by the prayer that the demurrers be inquired into by the court and that the defendant have judgment accordingly, were properly held not to be subject to the plaintiff’s oral motion to dismiss on the grounds that there were no prayers to sustain the demurrers or to dismiss the petition.
“[I]n an action for damages for the malicious use of civil process three essential elements must appear, to wit: (1) Malice: (2) Want of probable cause. (3) The proceeding complained of has terminated in favor of the defendants before an action for damages is instituted.” Georgia Veneer &c. Co. v. Florida Nat. Bank, 198 Ga. 591, 609(2) (32 SE2d 465), and cit. The petition
Termination of the dispossessory-warrant proceedings favorably to the plaintiff in error is specifically alleged to have occurred by reason of the voluntary abandonment of the case by the party who instituted the proceedings. See Waters v. Winn, 142 Ga. 138, 140(2) (82 SE 537, LRA 1915A 601, AC 1915D 1248); Slater v. Kimbro, 91 Ga. 217 (18 SE 296, 44 ASR 19). Those cases which hold that the warrant must be dismissed by judicial action and not by the parties involved are those dealing with malicious prosecution of criminal, rather than civil process, such as in the case at bar. Smith v. Craft, 99 Ga. App. 19, 21(1) (107 SE2d 255); Smith v. Embry, 103 Ga. App. 375(4, 5) (119 SE2d 45). Although headnote 2 in the Georgia Veneer case, supra, stated the third element to be “termination of the proceedings in a judgment in favor of the defendant” (Emphasis supplied), which statement was quoted in the case of Hester v. Dixie Finance Corp., 109 Ga. App. 204, 206 (135 SE2d 504), examination of the cases cited on p. 609 of the Georgia Veneer case, supra, as well as other cases annotated under Code § 105-801, catchword “Process,” reveals that a judgment is not a prerequisite of the termination.
A further limitation has been placed by the appellate courts of our State upon this type of action, to wit: No damages are recoverable for a malicious use of civil process where the defendant’s person or property is not seized unless he sustains some special damage or injury other than such as necessarily results in all suits prosecuted to recover in like causes of action. Mitchell v. Southwestern R., 75 Ga. 398 (3); Jacksonville Paper Co. v. Owen, 193 Ga. 23 (17 SE2d 76), and cit. This rule has been followed and perpetuated in this State (see Dixie Broadcasting Corp. v. Rivers, 209 Ga. 98, 108 (6, b) (70 SE2d 734)) in spite of the fact that it is contrary to the weight of authority
It follows that count 1 of the petition stated a cause of action for malicious use of civil, or legal, process, or malicious prosecution of a civil proceeding, as it is variously denominated; therefore the court erred in sustaining the general demurrer as to count 1.
The court erred in its judgment sustaining the general demurrer as to count 1 of the petition and in dismissing the petition.
Judgment reversed in part; affirmed in part.
070rehearing
On Motion roe Rehearing.
Counsel for the defendant in error contends that the general rule as to special injury in suits for malicious use of civil process, as stated in Dixie Broadcasting Corp. v. Rivers, supra, applies to count 1 of the present action and that the Supreme Court’s ruling in the Slater case, supra, was based upon its finding that the plaintiff’s loss of boarders from her boarding house, from which she was threatened to be expelled by the dispossessorywarrant proceedings, constituted a special injury, whereas no such special injury was here alleged. After deciding that loss of boarders was special damage, the Supreme Court, in the Slater case, headnote 2, expressly held: “So too were trouble and expense, including counsel fees, incurred by the tenant in giving bond and security to prevent summary expulsion from the premises by virtue of the malicious process.” This latter injury is the one on which the Supreme Court, in Dixie Broadcasting Corp. v. Rivers, noted the difference in the situation in the Slater case from those in the cases following the general rule. Both the cases of Swain v. American Surety Co., 47 Ga. App. 501 (171 SE 217) and Jacksonville Paper Co. v. Owen, 193 Ga. 23, supra,
Rehearing denied.
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