Haynie v. First Nat. Bank of Atlanta
Haynie v. First Nat. Bank of Atlanta
Concurring Opinion
concurring specially. I concur in the judgment and in all that is said in the opinion except that under the terms of the guaranty agreement it is my opinion that one guarantor could not, under the terms of the agreement, revoke the whole agreement. There was no provision for the revocation of part of the agreement by one guarantor. The provision of the guaranty agreement upon which the plea of estoppel is based is as follows: “This is a continuing agreement and shall remain in force until a written notice revoking it has been received by the bank; but such revocation shall not release the undersigned
Opinion of the Court
In resolving this question we must consider whether the contract of guaranty was entire or severable. If it was entire, as will be seen from the discussion that follows, there could be no revocation. If it was severable and revocable we must then determine whether, under the counter showing, a revocation was effected.
There is an entire consideration only when all of it passes at the time of the execution of the contract, but when the guaranty is to apply not only to indebtednesses already incurred, but as
Guaranties are of two kinds: First, where the entire consideration from the creditor passed at the time of the signing of the contract: second, where the consideration passes at different times, and is therefore divisible or separable. Bennett v. Checotah State Bank of Checotah, 176 Okla. 518 (56 P2d 848). Thus, where, as here, the guaranty is to cover not only obligations already incurred, but, as well, obligations “hereafter coming into existence,” it is a divisible or separable contract.
2. Where the guaranty is for an entire consideration it is not revocable; aliter if separable or divisible. American Oil Co. v. Wigley, 251 Miss. 275 (169 S2d 454); Danby v. Osteopathic Hospital Assn, of Delaware, 34 Del. Ch. 172, 427 (101 A2d 308, 104 A2d 903); Commonwealth Trust & Savings Bank v. Hart, 268 Ill. App. 322; American Chain Co. v. Arrow Grip Mfg. Co., 235 NYS 228 (134 Mise. 321). Cf. Rawleigh Medical Co. v. Burney, 22 Ga. App. 492 (3) (96 SE 578); Suiter v. Citizens Bank &c. Co., 51 Ga. App. 798 (181 SE 694).
At common law a contract of guaranty, though in writing itself, could be revoked or terminated by parol, but where the instrument provides otherwise a revocation or termination must be in accordance with its terms. Meadow Brook National Bank v. Feraca, 224 NYS2d 846. In accord with this principle it was held that a notice to the creditor that an individual guarantor had severed his connections with the corporation whose obligations were the subject matter of the guaranty did not serve as a notice of revocation of his guaranty, since the guaranty was not conditioned upon his status as an officer or stockholcler of the corporation. Manufacturers’ Finance Co. v. Rockwell, 278 Mass. 502 (180 NE 224). And where the president and the treasurer of a corporation guaranteed its obligations, a notice from the president asking a return of the guaranty with the request that the creditor “please do not ship any merchandise on our guaranty, hereafter,” did not relieve the treasurer of his continuing obliga
The notice of revocation or termination must be clearly expressed, unqualified, positive and absolute. Associated Food Stores, Inc. v. Siegel, 205 NYS2d 208; Rogers-Pyatt Shellac Co. v. Starr Piano Co., 209 NYS 727, 733. If the notice is given by one of several guarantors, in full compliance with the requirements of the contract, it is effective only as to him, and can not affect the liability of the others. Klatte v. Franklin State Bank, 211 Wis. 613 (248 NW 158, 249 NW 72); D. N. & E. Walter & Co. v. Domelen (Ore.) 425 P2d 166.
The contract now before us provides that it “is a continuing agreement and shall remain in force until a written notice revoking it has been received by the bank; but such revocation shall not release the undersigned from liability for any and all obligations of the principal then in existence, or from any renewals or extensions thereof, in whole or in part, and whether such renewals are made before or after such revocation.”
The contract provides that it is a joint and several obligation, and this provision is sufficient to permit any of the several guarantors to terminate his obligation in futuro by the giving of a specific written notice that he is doing so. All guarantors having signed, each is bound by this as well as other terms and provisions of the contract. D. N. & E. Walter Co. v. Domelen, 425 P2d 166, supra.
There was no written notice from Haynie to the bank of his termination or revocation of the guaranty; only a notice from the corporation that he had terminated his connection with it and that his authority to sign for the corporation had terminated. Thus, he could no longer sign checks drawn on its account, nor could he sign notes as a corporate officer to bind the corporation ; but nothing terminated his right to sign for himself as guarantor of the corporate obligations, his status as a guarantor or his continuing liability under the contract. It appears that Manufacturer’s Finance Co. v. Rockwell, 278 Mass. 502, supra, is on all fours with this situation, and an even stronger case is James Talcott, Inc. v. Levy, supra. This notice was certainly not in compliance with the guaranty contract.
Thus, since we conclude that there was no effective revocation of the guaranty by Mr. Haynie, entry of the summary judgment was proper.
Judgment affirmed.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- HAYNIE v. FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF ATLANTA Et Al.
- Cited By
- 10 cases
- Status
- Published