Bass v. State
Bass v. State
Opinion of the Court
Defendant Larry Lamar Bass was indicted for rape, aggravated sodomy and kidnapping. He was tried on August 4 and 5, 1986, and found guilty on all three charges. On appeal the sole error enumerated is the refusal of the trial court to excuse a challenged juror for cause. Held:
During the voir dire of the jury panel, the assistant district attorney asked the prospective jurors collectively if anyone knew or recognized the defendant. A prospective juror named Terrell responded affirmatively, stating that he had been a witness in another case when Bass was brought into the same court for a preliminary hearing. To the question if he thought that would have any effect on any decision he might make in this case, Terrell replied: “Well, the evidence I heard at the time, I think.it would.” The assistant district attorney then asked Terrell, “and because of what you heard before, you think you’re already somewhat prejudiced?” Terrell answered, “I believe what I heard, yes.”
When defense counsel undertook his voir dire he directed his questions to Terrell, as follows: “Mr. Terrell, I think you said some
After the jury was selected and sworn without reaching Terrell, they were excused from the courtroom and the following colloquy ensued: “[Defense Counsel]: May it please the court, as far as the voir dire is concerned, I have this objection. I would ask your honor to strike the entire jury panel, because your honor left a juror on there that was in attendance at the preliminary hearing on this case of Mr. Bass, heard evidence about the case and I think the question by the court, leading question by the court, as a matter of fact, cannot cure any things he has heard in person. The Court: Now you see, that is the trouble that we get into about the jurors speaking out, not speaking out. Quite candidly I didn’t understand. I thought he was speaking of some other preliminary hearing, not the one in this particular case. [Defense Counsel]: Well, he was present when this case — The Court: I caught that part. [The State]: Well, your honor, in any rate, the latter juror that was empaneled was juror number 41. The man that [defense counsel] is talking about, Mr. Terrell was juror number 46. We didn’t even get to that point. [Defense Counsel]: Your honor, what happened is this. That I had to rearrange my — The Court: Well, this man sat, I couldn’t hear. Tell you the truth that is the reason I got up and walked down there. I don’t often do that, but I went down there so I could see if I could hear what they were saying. But I missed out on one juror, if that is the one I am thinking about, who I understood said that he had been at a preliminary hearing on the rape case. [Defense Counsel]: On Mr. Bass’s case. Heard evidence when Mr. Bass was present. The Court: Is that the one? [Defense
From this necessarily lengthy quotation of the trial transcript, it becomes obvious that Terrell had formed a definite opinion as to defendant’s guilt or innocence; that he was not asked nor did he state whether he could be a fair and impartial juror; that the court’s questions went only to whether Terrell would follow the evidence and instructions of the court; and that the judge could not hear all of Terrell’s responses and was mistaken as to what he actually said. Since
However, since Terrell did not serve on the jury, being venireman number 46 on the panel and not reached before the jury and alternate were selected, the issue here is whether this error requires reversal. The State argues that the question is controlled by King v. State, 177 Ga. App. 788 (1) (341 SE2d 307) (1986), wherein this court held that when a jury is selected prior to reaching the offending juror and the defendant has strikes remaining, the error is harmless. King v. State, supra, was decided on February 12, 1986, but on February 25, 1986, the Supreme Court in Harris v. State, 255 Ga. 464 (339 SE2d 712) (1986) (a non-death penalty murder case) adopted the concurring opinion of Justice Gregory in Blankenship v. State, 247 Ga. 590, 597 (277 SE2d 505) (1981) (a death penalty murder case), which had rejected the harmless error rule when the trial court has refused to strike “an unqualified juror” and the defendant has not utilized all of his peremptory strikes.
Justice Gregory reasoned that under the mechanics of the jury selection procedure, such a complex and highly variable sequence of events may occur that the harmless error rule should not be followed. The court in Harris v. State, supra, agreed, stating that “a true determination of the harm caused by a trial court’s refusal to strike an unqualified juror would require omniscience. The defendant’s use of his peremptory strikes will thus no longer play a role in our evaluation of the harm caused by the refusal to strike an unqualified juror. A defendant is entitled to a panel of forty-two qualified jurors. OCGA § 15-12-160. . . . The defendant’s failure to exhaust his peremptory strikes before the twelfth juror was impaneled does not render the error harmless. This ruling will apply to trials commencing after the date of publication . . .” Harris v. State, 255 Ga. 464, supra at 465.
Defendant’s attorney, in fact, argued to the trial court that his peremptory strike strategy was adversely affected by the failure to disqualify Terrell, and also that Terrell’s statements in regard to his pre-formed opinion of defendant’s guilt had conceivably affected the entire panel of veniremen. In light of the reasoning and ruling in Harris v. State, supra, we are unable to conclude that the trial court’s error in refusing to excuse Terrell for cause was harmless and are bound to reverse the case sub judice in order that a new trial may be conducted before a properly drawn jury.
Judgment reversed.
070rehearing
On Motion for Rehearing.
Relying upon Pope v. State, 256 Ga. 189, 195 (345 SE2d 831), the State again argues that any error regarding Terrell was harmless since he was the 46th venireman. In Pope v. State, supra, the Supreme Court restated the rule that errors regarding a prospective juror “qualified 43rd dr later” are to be deemed harmless. This rule does not conflict with our holding in the case sub judice. Although Terrell was the 46th venireman, he was the 38th qualified juror.
Judgment adhered to.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Bass v. the State
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- 11 cases
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- Published