In the Interest of KTB
In the Interest of KTB
Opinion of the Court
The issue presented for resolution in this appeal is the meaning of “available to testify” as that phrase is employed in OCGA § 24-3-16: “A statement made by a child under the age of 14 years describing any act of sexual contact or physical abuse performed with or on the child by another is admissible in evidence by the testimony of the person or persons to whom made if the child is available to testify in the proceedings and the court finds that the circumstances of the statement provide sufficient indicia of reliability.” (Emphasis supplied.)
This issue arises in the following context: A delinquency petition was filed, alleging that appellee K. T. B. had committed an act of child molestation. The petition was predicated upon the accusations of a three-year-old child. The juvenile court determined that the three-year-old was not a competent witness under OCGA § 24-9-5. Having ruled against the competency of the three-year-old, the juvenile court further found that any out-of-court statements made by her would not be admissible because she was not “available to testify” within the meaning of OCGA § 24-3-16. The three-year-old having been found to be an incompetent witness and her out-of-court statements having been excluded, the juvenile court granted appellee’s motion to dismiss the delinquency petition. It is from that order of dismissal that the State brings this appeal.
In Ward v. State, 186 Ga. App. 503 (368 SE2d 139) (1988) OCGA § 24-3-16 was construed by seven judges of this court as authorizing the admission of a child’s out-of-court statements only if ths
This interpretation is consistent with the Supreme Court’s decision in Sosebee v. State, 257 Ga. 298, 299 (357 SE2d 562) (1987): “[I]f the prosecution invokes the Child Hearsay Statute to introduce out-of-court declarations by the alleged victim, the court shall do as follows: Before the [S]tate rests, the court shall, at the request of either party, cause the alleged victim to take the stand. The court shall then inform the jury that it is the court who has called the child as a witness, and that both parties have the opportunity to examine the child. The court shall then allow both parties to examine and cross-examine the child as though the Child Hearsay Statute has not been invoked.” (Emphasis supplied.) It would be anomalous to hold that, notwithstanding a child’s inability to satisfy the applicable competency requirements of OCGA § 24-9-5, he is nevertheless entitled to take the stand and can be subject to direct and cross-examination.
Likewise, the interpretation of OCGA § 24-3-16 as requiring that the child himself be competent to testify is consistent with the interpretation given to comparable statutes in other jurisdictions. “[Ojther jurisdictions uniformly conclude an incompetent witness is unavailable. [Cits.]. . . . While the concepts of availability and competency do not overlap entirely, it is quite clear that an incompetent child is not available. The term ‘available’ denotes a witness who can be confronted and cross-examined. [Cit.] A child unable to take the stand obviously cannot respond to opposing counsel’s questions.” State v. Doe, 719 P2d 554, 557 (5) (Wash. 1986). “[W]e hold that ‘unavailability of a witness’ includes the situation in which a declarant is incompetent to testify because of age. . . .” State v. Bounds, 694 P2d 566, 568, fn. 1 (Or. App. 1985).
Accordingly, for the benefit of the bench and the bar we reaffirm the interpretation of OCGA § 24-3-16 which was adopted in Ward v. State, supra, and hold that the phrase “available to testify” as employed in that statute means “competent to testify under OCGA § 24-9-5.” Consequently, after the effective date of, Ga. L. 1989, p--(Act Number_), the 1989 amendment to OCGA § 24-9-5, out-of-court
Judgment affirmed.
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting.
This case involves a petition for an adjudication of delinquency of a 14-year-old boy for child molestation in allegedly exposing himself to his two-year-old sister and a three-year-old girl and making the sister touch his penis. Before the trial commenced, defendant sought to exclude from trial the statements of the three-year-old to her mother and in the presence of a friend of her mother and the child’s videotaped statement to a juvenile detective. As indicated in the majority opinion, the court determined the child was not competent to testify as a sworn witness, ruled that OCGA § 24-3-16 was therefore inapplicable, and dismissed the petition.
I respectfully dissent for the reasons set out in the special concurrence in Westbrook v. State, 186 Ga. App. 493, 498 (368 SE2d 131) (1988).
Reference
- Full Case Name
- In the Interest of K. T. B., a Child
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- 13 cases
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- Published