Nelson v. State
Nelson v. State
Opinion of the Court
Defendant appeals his conviction of possession of cocaine, OCGA § 16-13-30 (a), and possession of firearms during the commission of a crime involving possession of a controlled substance, cocaine, OCGA § 16-11-106 (b) (4). Defendant contends the evidence was insufficient to sustain the verdict and further argues the trial court erred in permitting the search warrant and supporting affidavit to go out with the jury.
1. Sufficiency of evidence.
After having a confidential informant make purchases from an upstairs apartment at 1955 Dunlap Avenue in East Point, the police obtained a warrant to search that address and an individual named
The evidence showed the apartment, was leased to a black man with a dark complexion from New York. The officer who obtained the search warrant testified the confidential informant described the suspect known as “New York” as having a light complexion. Defendant resided at another address but was the only one in the apartment when the raid occurred. Defendant argues that because he did not live at the apartment his mere presence was insufficient to warrant his convictions. But in addition to his presence, he had within arm’s reach contraband, the money and weapons. See OCGA § 16-11-106 (b) (4); McKelvey v. State, 185 Ga. App. 855, 857 (366 SE2d 231) (1988) [non-precedential]; Garvey v. State, 176 Ga. App. 268, 274 (6) (335 SE2d 640) (1985). Defendant was from New York and his wallet contained a photograph inscribed on the back “to New York.” During the search another individual sought entrance to the apartment in order to purchase crack.
A rational trier of fact was authorized to find defendant guilty of the two crimes beyond a reasonable doubt. Olsen v. State, 191 Ga. App. 763, 766 (4) (382 SE2d 715) (1989); Lewis v. State, 186 Ga. App. 349, 350 (1a) (367 SE2d 123) (1988).
2. Admissibility of evidence.
Over defendant’s objection, the search warrant and its accompanying affidavit and return were admitted into evidence. They contained a physical description of the suspect known as “New York.” Defendant argued these documents contained sworn testimony of a witness who was on the stand (the detective who obtained the search warrant) and to allow it to go out with the jury would be “like putting the witness in the jury room.”
Documents that substitute for testimony may not be taken into the jury room. Johnson v. State, 244 Ga. 295, 296 (3) (260 SE2d 23) (1979). “The reason given for not allowing them to be delivered to the jury is, that the testimony which they contain, if read and reread by the jury, would have an unfair advantage over oral testimony of the other side, by speaking to the jury more than once.” Shedden v. Stiles, 121 Ga. 637, 640 (4) (49 SE 719) (1904). Although we do not find a Georgia case involving a search warrant, in Cain v. State, 113
In addition to the testimony of the detective who signed the search warrant affidavit, the evidence was overwhelming that defendant was the suspect known as “New York” and was in possession of the contraband and weapons, as set forth in Division 1. Thus, it is highly probable that the objectionable evidence did not contribute to the judgment and therefore the error does not require reversal. See Heard v. State, 169 Ga. App. 609 (314 SE2d 451) (1984).
Judgment affirmed.
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting.
I concur in Division 1, but dissent because of the holding in Division 2. The court correctly rules that the search warrant and affidavit were erroneously submitted to the jury. These documents would be in the same category as interrogatories, depositions, dying declarations and confessions, which are not permitted to go out with the jury. Walker v. State, 215 Ga. 128, 129 (2) (109 SE2d 748) (1959); Royals v. State, 208 Ga. 78, 80 (2) (65 SE2d 158) (1951); Strickland v. State, 167 Ga. 452, 460 (6) (145 SE 879) (1928); Shedden v. Stiles, 121 Ga. 637, 640 (4) (49 SE 719) (1904). Their contents orally testified to are admissible but the inclusion of the documents themselves as exhibits for consideration in the jury room is not. Davis v. State, 178 Ga. App. 760, 763 (3) (344 SE2d 730) (1986); Morrow v. State, 166 Ga. App. 883, 884 (1) (305 SE2d 626) (1983). See Gribble v. State, 248 Ga. 567, 572 (7) (284 SE2d 277) (1981).
I depart from the majority in applying the harmless error rule.
First, was the wrongly admitted evidence consistent with the theory of the defense? Lane v. State, 247 Ga. 19, 21 (4) (273 SE2d 397) (1981); Proctor v. State, 235 Ga. 720, 723 (221 SE2d 556) (1975); Heard v. State, 169 Ga. App. 609 (314 SE2d 451) (1984). Defendant was attempting to show that he was not “New York.” The affidavit tended to identify him as that individual by describing “New York” as tall and light complected. It described the confidential informant
Second, is it “highly probable” that the inadmissible evidence did not contribute to the judgment? Heard, supra; Johnson v. State, 238 Ga. 59, 61 (230 SE2d 869) (1976). Because defendant’s sole defense rested on the contention that he was merely an innocent bystander, at the wrong place at the wrong time, the jury’s consideration of the affidavit during its deliberations cannot be found harmless. The law requires a new trial.
I am authorized to state that Judge Sognier and Judge Cooper join in this dissent.
Appellant also argues that the documents contain additional evidence not testified to by the detective, plus the hearsay of an unnamed informant and the finding of probable cause by the magistrate, see Spence v. State, 96 Ga. App. 19, 21 (99 SE2d 309) (1957), but these grounds were not raised below.
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