Jordan v. Stephens
Jordan v. Stephens
Opinion of the Court
Joyce S. Jordan, individually and as executrix of the estate of Loree A. Veal, Grace A. Ivey, and Ruby Owens (collectively referred to as plaintiffs) appeal the judgment rendered upon the jury’s verdict in the underlying action for damages against Wilbur G. Stephens, Jr.
Prior to her death, Veal executed a general power of attorney in favor of Stephens so that he could invest her assets and provide her with ample funds to live. Thereafter, as payment for his assistance in handling her personal and financial affairs, Veal transferred certain of her assets to Stephens’ name, as a joint tenant with her and with a right of survivorship. Plaintiffs brought the underlying action to recover the property in Stephens’ name alleging fraud, conversion, and breach of fiduciary duty. The jury determined that the asset transfers made to Stephens from Veal were proper with the exception of the transfer of 150 shares of Wisconsin Energy Corporation stock.
1. In several enumerations of error, plaintiffs contend the trial court erred in denying their motion for directed verdict. In their motion for directed verdict, plaintiffs argued that Stephens breached his duty of loyalty to Veal by obtaining a joint tenancy interest in her assets.
The law in Georgia is clear that “[slums remaining on deposit at the death of a party to a joint account belong to the surviving party or parties as against the estate of the decedent, unless there is clear and convincing evidence of a different intention at the time the account is created.” OCGA § 7-1-813 (a). See also Godwin v. Johnson,
The cases cited by the dissent are factually distinguishable from the present case, as they address situations where the guardian or trustee made transfers for their own benefit without the knowledge or approval of their ward. It is important to recognize that the present case does not involve the administration of a trust or a guardian and ward relationship. The present case is similar to Wheeless v. Gelzer, 780 FSupp. 1373 (N.D. Ga. 1991), wherein the decedent’s second wife obtained a general power of attorney over her husband, who was in ill health. Thereafter, she transferred the ownership of stock certificates from her husband to herself and to herself and her husband in a joint tenancy with right of survivorship. One transfer was made with the husband’s signature, and the other was accomplished by the wife pursuant to her general power of attorney. While recognizing that the power of attorney created a fiduciary relationship which required a duty of loyalty to the principal, the court determined that absent fraud in obtaining the power of attorney, the stock transfers were proper because an agent is not absolutely prohibited, from making gifts of the principal’s property, the power of attorney expressly conferred the right to transfer stocks, and the evidence indicated that the husband intended the transfer to occur. Id. See also LeCraw v. LeCraw, 261 Ga. 98, 99 (401 SE2d 697) (1991).
The standard of review of the trial court’s denial of the plaintiffs’ motion for directed verdict is the any evidence standard. See Williamson v. Echols, 205 Ga. App. 453, 455 (422 SE2d 329) (1992). In the present case, the evidence indicated that Veal intended that Stephens have the assets at issue upon her death. Therefore, the trial court’s denial of plaintiffs’ motion for directed verdict is affirmed.
2. Although plaintiffs enumerate the trial court’s charge on beneficial ownership as error, their actual argument is based upon the trial court’s failure to charge OCGA § 7-1-814. The trial court charged that clear and convincing evidence of a joint tenants’ inten
Pretermitting plaintiffs’ improper attempt to enlarge their enumeration of error by their brief, plaintiffs’ argument is without merit as they failed to request a charge on OCGA § 7-1-814.
3. Plaintiffs contend that the trial court erred in denying their motion for new trial in that the verdict was against the weight of the evidence with respect to the transfer of 100 shares of Marine Midland Bank stock. Plaintiffs contend that Veal’s subsequent transfer of these stocks from herself and Owens as joint tenants with right of survivorship to herself and Stephens as joint tenants with right of survivorship was ineffectual because Owens’ signature was not obtained.
“Both as to a motion for directed verdict and motion for new trial based on the general grounds the proper standard on appellate review is the ‘any evidence’ test. . . . The court construes the evidence most favorably towards the party opposing the motion for directed verdict or new trial.” (Citations omitted.) Central Nat. Ins. Co. of Omaha v. Dixon, 188 Ga. App. 680, 681 (373 SE2d 849) (1988). In the present case, evidence was introduced to establish Veal’s intention to remain the owner of her stocks until her death. See OCGA § 7-1-812 (a). Therefore, Veal was the only party with the present right to withdraw or change her accounts, and her signature was sufficient to change the terms of the account. See OCGA § 7-1-816.
4. In their final enumeration of error, plaintiffs contend the trial court erred in failing to give their requested charge on the presumption which arises from the failure of a party to produce evidence. Plaintiffs argue that they served Stephens with a notice to produce all bank statements and deposit slips for accounts at Spivey State Bank in Stephens’ and Veal’s names. Plaintiffs contend that as vice president of Spivey State Bank, Stephens had access to such accounts. However, the notice to produce was sent to Stephens as a party to this litigation in his individual capacity as opposed to his capacity as the vice president of the bank. Stephens’ failure to produce documents not under his individual control cannot be the basis of the requested charge. Therefore, as the charge was not supported by the evidence, the trial court did not err in refusing to give it.
Judgment affirmed.
By enumerations of error 2, 4, and 6, plaintiffs attempt to expand the basis of their motion for directed verdict. However, the law is clear that “[a] ground not mentioned in a motion for directed verdict cannot thereafter be raised on appeal.” (Citations and punctuation omitted.) Leader Nat Ins. Co. v. Kemp & Son, Inc., 189 Ga. App. 115, 116 (375 SE2d 231) (1988). Furthermore, plaintiffs abandoned enumeration of error 5 by failing to support it with argument or citation of authority. See Court of Appeals Rule 27 (c) (2). Therefore, we do not address plaintiffs’ enumerations of error 2, 4, 5, and 6.
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting.
I respectfully dissent as it is my view that Georgia’s long-standing rule requiring fiduciaries to stand in a position of complete loy
On August 28, 1987, Loree A. Veal went to Wilbur G. Stephens, Jr., a vice president at Spivey State Bank, and asked him to take over her financial affairs. Stephens agreed and, at first, refused payment for his services. Veal gave Stephens a general power of attorney providing him with express authority to act on Veal’s behalf “to do any and all things that [she] might or could do if [she] were personally present. . . .” Veal also opened a safety deposit box at Spivey State Bank, gave Stephens authority to access the safety deposit box, gave Stephens certificates of deposit and executed a last will and testament in the presence of Stephens’ secretary and another bank employee. Veal named Stephens as executor of her estate, but did not name him as a beneficiary under the will. She later transferred various assets to Stephens as a joint tenant with rights of survivorship. And according to Stephens’ allegations in the pretrial order, this was done because Loree Veal promised that these jointly held assets “would be his at her death.” Stephens altered his story during trial, however, explaining that “everything that was in her name or however at her death would be mine to dispose of as I saw fit. . . .”
In December 1987, Loree A. Veal suffered a stroke. Eight months later, she had a heart attack and died. Veal was then 81 years of age. Soon after the funeral, Stephens claimed the bulk of Veal’s remaining assets and probated Loree A. Veal’s last will and testament. Stephens resigned as the estate’s executor after his fiduciary capacity was challenged by Veal’s cousin, primary testamentary beneficiary and alternate executrix, Joyce S. Jordan. Stephens, however, refused to give up the assets he believed were rightfully given to him in exchange for his fiduciary services to Veal. Jordan, individually and as executrix of Loree A. Veal’s estate, Grace A. Ivey and Ruby Owens (plaintiffs) brought this action against Stephens to recover this property, alleging fraud, conversion and breach of fiduciary duty. The case was tried before a jury, and a verdict was returned for plaintiffs, but only for certain stock that was transferred to Stephens via a tainted transaction.
It is my view, that the case sub judice is controlled by Dowdy v. Jordan, 128 Ga. App. 200 (196 SE2d 160), where a guardian of an estate was estopped from setting up title or interest in property that was once held by him in trust. In Dowdy, this Court held as follows: “ ‘The law will not permit a guardian to act in such way that his own personal interest may come in conflict with the interest of his ward with respect to the estate of the latter in his charge. Code §§ 38-117, 49-205[, now OCGA § 24-4-26]; Clark v. Clark, 167 Ga. 1 (1a) (144 SE 787); Wright v. Thompson, 190 Ga. 173 (2) (8 SE2d 640); Parnelle v. Cavanaugh, 191 Ga. 464, 465 (2) (12 SE2d 877); Gammage v. Perry,
Although the disputed issues at trial in the case sub judice related to Stephens’ alleged duplicity in managing and disposing of Loree A. Veal’s assets both before and after her death, certain facts remain undisputed. That is, Stephens was charged with managing Veal’s financial affairs when Veal’s assets were transferred to Stephens as a joint tenant, and Stephens continued to serve as Veal’s fiduciary long after these transfers. It is my view that this evidence bars Stephens from asserting any claim, title or interest in the property that was charged to his trust during Veal’s life. See First Nat. Bank of Paulding County v. Cooper, 252 Ga. 215, 216 (312 SE2d 607). Nonetheless, the majority would draw an exception to Georgia’s longstanding rule requiring complete loyalty of a fiduciary simply because the jury found that Stephens acted, to a large extent, with Veal’s consent in transferring trust assets to himself, as a joint tenant with rights of survivorship. This view, however, ignores the precept (as suggested by the Uniform Trusts Act) that any transaction involving a transfer of trust property is so dangerous to the beneficiary that a beneficiary’s advance consent to such conduct is void, as a matter of policy. See Bogert, Trusts and Estates (2d ed. rev. 1993), p. 422, § 543 (U), p. 439.
Although the asset transfers Stephens made to himself as Veal’s joint tenant were purportedly accomplished with Veal’s express consent, it is undisputed that Veal’s assets were to be managed exclusively for her maintenance and care until her death. Stephens’ loyalty therefore became an ongoing issue the moment Veal promised him an interest in her estate. Consequently, however innocent the transfer of trust assets to Stephens as a joint tenant may have been, it was poisonous from the inception, and Stephens should have thereafter removed the conflict or resigned as trustee. The jury’s findings regarding issues relating to Loree A. Veal’s promises to Stephens or to Stephens’ alleged chicanery were therefore meaningless. Georgia’s loyalty rule prevents Stephens from benefiting as Veal’s fiduciary beyond the compensation specifically provided by law. See OCGA § 53-12-173.
I believe the trial court erred in failing to grant plaintiffs’ motion for directed verdict. As a matter of public policy, Stephens should not be permitted to acquire property that was once held by him in trust for Loree A. Veal. Dowdy v. Jordan, 128 Ga. App. 200, 204 (1), 210,
Reference
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- JORDAN Et Al. v. STEPHENS
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- Published