Gloria Silva v. Liberty Mutual Fire Insurance Company
Gloria Silva v. Liberty Mutual Fire Insurance Company
Opinion
*81 Gloria Silva appeals the trial court's order granting summary judgment in favor of Liberty Mutual Fire Insurance Company ("Liberty Mutual") on Silva's uninsured / underinsured motorist ("UM") claim, which arose in the context of Silva's personal injury suit to recover for injuries sustained in an automobile collision. In granting summary judgment to Liberty Mutual, the trial court ruled that the uncontroverted evidence showed that Silva had failed to notify Liberty Mutual promptly of the collision or of her personal injury suit, which resulted in the forfeiture of her UM coverage as a matter of law. For the reasons discussed more fully below, we affirm.
Summary judgment is proper if the pleadings and evidence "show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law." OCGA § 9-11-56 (c). Following a trial court's grant of summary judgment, we "conduct a de novo review, construing all reasonable inferences in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party."
Bank of North Ga. v. Windermere Dev.
,
So viewed, the record shows that Silva was the named insured of a Liberty Mutual personal automobile policy that provided UM coverage of $100,000 per person / $300,000 per accident for bodily *82 injury and $50,000 per accident for property damage. As a condition applicable to UM coverage, the policy provided:
PART E-DUTIES AFTER AN ACCIDENT OR LOSS
We have no duty to provide coverage under this policy unless there has been full compliance with the following duties:
A. We must be notified promptly of how, when and where the accident or loss happened. Notice should also include the names and addresses of any injured persons and of any witnesses. ...
C. A person seeking Uninsured Motorists Coverage must also: ... Promptly send us copies of the legal papers if a suit is brought.
The policy further stated: "No legal action may be brought against [Liberty Mutual] until there has been full compliance with all the terms of this policy."
On September 28, 2010, Silva was a passenger in a car involved in a motor vehicle collision with James Glover. The car that Silva owned was not involved in the collision. Approximately two years later, on September 21, 2012, Silva filed a personal injury suit against Glover. 1 Silva dismissed her lawsuit against Glover on March 27, 2013, but she re-filed her suit on September 20, 2013 (the "renewal suit").
Glover had liability coverage with Allstate Insurance Company of $50,000 per person / $100,000 per accident applicable at the time of the collision. On March 27, 2015, Silva settled with Glover for $36,950, the remaining amount of liability coverage available under Glover's Allstate policy because of prior settlements that Glover had reached with other individuals involved in the collision. Following the settlement, on May 4, 2015, Silva amended her complaint in the renewal suit to include a claim that the automobile collision was covered by her UM coverage provided by Liberty Mutual. The next day, Liberty Mutual was served with a copy of the amended complaint. Silva had not previously notified Liberty Mutual of the collision or the lawsuits.
*83 Liberty Mutual answered, raising the defense that Silva had not complied with her duties specified in her insurance policy, and filed a cross-claim against Glover. Liberty Mutual later filed a motion for summary judgment, contending that the uncontroverted evidence showed that Silva did not notify Liberty Mutual that an accident had occurred until four years and seven months after the September 2010 automobile collision, and did not notify Liberty Mutual of *888 any lawsuits until eighteen months after she filed the September 2013 renewal suit. Consequently, Liberty Mutual argued that Silva failed as a matter of law to comply with the notice provisions contained in her insurance policy, thereby entitling Liberty Mutual to deny UM coverage for the collision.
Opposing the motion for summary judgment, Silva responded that her counsel had been unaware that Silva might need to utilize UM coverage until her counsel learned in March 2015 that eight other individuals involved in the collision had asserted claims against Glover under his Allstate policy, such that there was only $36,950 in coverage still available to cover Silva's losses arising from the collision. Silva further responded that upon learning of the limited liability coverage still available under the Allstate policy and settling with Glover for that amount, her counsel obtained a copy of the Liberty Mutual policy and thereafter notified Liberty Mutual of the automobile collision by serving the company with the amended complaint. As such, Silva argued that there was a jury issue regarding whether she "promptly" notified Liberty Mutual of the collision and lawsuit under the notice provisions of her Liberty Mutual policy. Silva further argued that the notice provisions of her Liberty Mutual policy were unenforceable because they conflicted with OCGA § 33-7-11 (d), the Georgia statute governing uninsured motorist coverage, and that the notice she provided to Liberty Mutual of the lawsuit was timely under that statute.
Following a hearing, the trial court granted summary judgment to Liberty Mutual on Silva's UM coverage claim. The trial court concluded that the uncontroverted evidence showed that Silva had failed to comply with the notice provisions contained in her Liberty Mutual insurance policy, and the court enforced those provisions and held that Silva had forfeited coverage under the policy based on her non-compliance. This appeal by Silva followed.
1. Silva contends that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment to Liberty Mutual because a jury issue existed as to whether she promptly notified Liberty Mutual of the automobile collision and of her lawsuit against Glover in accordance with the notice provisions of her insurance policy. We disagree.
*84
"Insurance in Georgia is a matter of contract and the parties to the contract of insurance are bound by its plain and unambiguous terms[.]" (Citation omitted.)
Lima Delta Co. v. Global Aerospace
,
a notice provision expressly made a condition precedent to [insurance] coverage is valid and must be complied with, absent a showing of justification. Where an insured has not demonstrated justification for failure to give notice according to the terms of the policy, then the insurer is not obligated to provide either a defense or coverage. Thus, failure to provide the requisite notice could result in a forfeiture under the policy.
(Citation, punctuation, and footnote omitted.)
Lankford v. State Farm Mut. Automobile Ins. Co.
,
*889
Applying these principles, we held in
Lankford
,
To hold otherwise would allow an insured to delay notifying the insurer for months or even years, so long as the insured thought that other insurance existed to cover the loss. Such an interpretation is contrary to the obvious intent of the policy, which is to require notice within a reasonable period after the occurrence of a covered event.
(Citations and punctuation omitted.)
A similar decision was reached by this Court in
Burkett v. Liberty Mut. Fire Ins. Co.
,
The present case is controlled by our decisions in
Lankford
and
Burkett
. Similar to the language of the insurance policy in
Lankford
,
In reaching this conclusion, we note that Silva's only excuse for her delay in notifying Liberty Mutual was that her counsel was unaware that Silva would need to utilize her UM coverage until later learning that Silva's losses exceeded the coverage still available under Glover's Allstate liability policy. But that was essentially the same excuse rejected by this Court in
Lankford
, and therefore under the reasoning of that decision, Silva's over four-year delay in providing notice to Liberty Mutual was unexcused as a matter of law. See
Lankford
,
2. Silva also contends that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment to Liberty Mutual because the notice provisions of the Liberty Mutual policy conflict with OCGA § 33-7-11 (d) and thus are unenforceable. According to Silva, she complied with OCGA § 33-7-11 (d) by serving Liberty Mutual with a copy of the amended complaint in the renewal suit within 90 days of learning that Glover lacked adequate liability insurance to cover her losses, and her compliance with that statutory subsection was sufficient to fulfill her duty to provide notice to Liberty Mutual. We are unpersuaded.
*87
"Competent parties are free to choose, insert, and agree to whatever provisions they desire in a contract, including insurance contracts, unless prohibited by statute or public policy." (Citation omitted.)
Hix v. Hertz Corp.
,
Mindful of these principles, we turn to the language of OCGA § 33-7-11 (d), which provides in pertinent part:
In cases where the owner or operator of any vehicle causing injury or damages is known, and either or both are named as defendants in any action for such injury or damages, and a reasonable belief exists that the vehicle is an uninsured motor vehicle under subparagraph (b) (1) (D) of this Code section, a copy of the action and all pleadings thereto shall be served as prescribed by law upon the insurance company issuing the policy as though the insurance company were actually named as a party defendant. If facts arise after an action has been commenced which create a reasonable belief that a vehicle is an uninsured motor vehicle under subparagraph (b) (1) (D) of this Code section and no such reasonable belief existed prior to the commencement of the action against the defendant, and the complaint was timely served on the defendant, the insurance company issuing the policy shall be served within either the remainder of the time allowed for valid service on the defendant or 90 days after the date on which the party seeking relief discovered, or in the exercise of due diligence should have discovered, that the vehicle was uninsured or underinsured, whichever period is greater.
By its plain and unambiguous language, OCGA § 33-7-11 (d) provides that a UM carrier must be served in lawsuits where the plaintiff has a reasonable belief that the defendant tortfeasor's vehicle is uninsured or underinsured. If the plaintiff's reasonable belief arises only after the lawsuit has already commenced, the plaintiff can serve the UM carrier within the remaining time allowed for valid service on the defendant tortfeasor or 90 days after the plaintiff "discovered, or in the exercise of due diligence should have discovered, that the vehicle was uninsured or underinsured, whichever period is greater." OCGA § 33-7-11 (d).
*891
*88
As our Supreme Court has explained in analyzing OCGA § 33-7-11 (d), the statutory "purpose of service on the [UM carrier] is simply to provide notice of the pendency of a lawsuit" in which the carrier "ultimately may be held financially responsible." (Citation and punctuation omitted.)
Stout v. Cincinnati Ins. Co.
,
Judgment affirmed.
McMillian and Mercier, JJ., concur.
Silva also named Janet Glover as a defendant under negligent entrustment and other theories, but for ease of reference, Janet and James Glover will be referred to collectively as "Glover."
Silva does not dispute on appeal that the notice provisions of the Liberty Mutual policy were a condition precedent to UM coverage.
"It seems appropriate to rely on our precedent [such as
Lankford
] construing provisions that require notice be given 'as soon as practicable' or similar language in this case involving a provision requiring that notice be given 'promptly.' The word 'promptly' essentially means to do something as soon as possible."
Progressive Mountain Ins. Co. v. Bishop
,
Silva relies on
Progressive Mountain Ins. Co.
,
While OCGA § 33-7-11 (d) was amended after the Supreme Court's decision in
Stout
, see Ga. L. 1998, p. 1064, § 3, the amendment did not undercut the conclusions reached in that case regarding the basic purpose of the statutory subsection. See
Hayward v. Retention Alternatives Ltd.
,
In light of our conclusion that OCGA § 33-7-11 (d) did not conflict with Silva's contractual obligation to promptly notify Liberty Mutual of the automobile collision, we need not address whether the statutory subsection conflicted with Silva's separate contractual obligation to promptly send Liberty Mutual copies of legal papers if any suit was brought.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Gloria SILVA v. LIBERTY MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY.
- Cited By
- 8 cases
- Status
- Published