Smith v. Leach
Opinion of the Court
ORDER
This action against certain members of Selective Service Local Board No. 39, Coweta County, Georgia, and various other Selective Service officials, sought a declaration that parts of the Selective Service Act
Plaintiff also sought to frame his action as a class action under Rule 23, Fed. R.Civ.P., and to be heard by a three-judge District Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2281.
A temporary restraining order was held to be beyond the court’s jurisdiction on April 1, 1968. On April 10, 1968, an order convening a three-judge court was issued by the Honorable John R. Brown, Chief Judge, Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, with judgment reserved as to whether this matter was properly a case
A renewed motion for temporary restraining order on May 16, 1968 was denied pending a hearing by the three-judge court on May 22.
On May 21, plaintiff was inducted into the Army. His counsel then amended the complaint, alleging various illegalities in the induction, and prayed for the writ of habeas corpus. Presumably, this replaced the alternative relief sought in the original complaint — “discharge * * from military service if he has already been inducted.”
At the May 22 hearing it developed that plaintiff had presented proper evidence of fatherhood to Local Board 39, entitling him to a III-A classification which should have prevented his induction, and which made invalid his order to report.
Defendants now move that the action be dismissed as moot, inasmuch as plaintiff’s position before the Selective Service Administration now is as a mere registrant, not under any threat of induction.
Plaintiff opposes that motion, asserting that he has standing to maintain this> action in that merely being a “registrant” is threat enough to give standing to maintain the action. Plaintiff also states the curious ground that injury suffered because of his brief “erroneous induction” now justifies injunctive relief against the draft board, preventing them from taking him in the future. Plaintiff states no authority for such a prayer. As to the prayer for a temporary restraining order, plaintiff does admit that there is no longer sufficient threat to require that.
This action must be dismissed, for the following reasons:
First, and most simply, the complaint set out the relief desired (with the exception of the prayer for declaratory judgment), and in the alternative, asked for discharge (subsequently changed to application for the writ of habeas corpus). That alternative relief occurred. Plaintiff’s present effort appears to be a backpedaling to ask for cumulative relief, not alternative, and it is not well taken. Even if the court viewed present efforts as a de facto amendment to the complaint, however, three other reasons remain, other than mootness alone, why the action must fail.
First, other cases have been decided in the Courts of Appeals upon every legal question raised by plaintiff, except the merits of his prayer for injunction, and they are now pending before the Supreme Court: Clay v. United States, 397 F.2d 901 (5th Cir., 1968), pending on application for cert., docket #271; Sellers v. McNamara, 398 F.2d 893 (5th Cir., 1968), pending on application for cert, sub nom. Sellers v. Clifford, docket #979 mise., both decided adversely to plaintiff’s contentions in the Court of Appeals. He will receive full protection of the rulings in those cases, and a ruling by this court would in any event be subject to the rulings in those cases.
Second, as to plaintiff’s insistence that an injunction should issue even though he is under no threat of induction, the matter is settled by the determination that, based on the present state of the law, this court has no jurisdiction to issue such an injunction. Witmer v. United States, 348 U.S. 375, 75 S.Ct. 392, 99 L.Ed. 428 (1955); Estep v. United States, 327 U.S. 114, 66 S.Ct. 423, 90 L.Ed. 567 (1946); Tamarkin v. Selec
Finally, as to the merits of plaintiff’s request for a three-judge court to hear and determine whether the anti-injunction provisions of Section 10 of the Military Selective Service Act of 1967 (50 App. U.S.C.A. § 460(b) (3)) are unconstitutional, the language of the Act merely establishes as statutory law the decision of the United States Supreme Court in Estep v. United States, supra. There is no visible question of constitutionality here as would require the convening of a three-judge court. Utica Mutual Ins. Co. v. Vincent, 375 F.2d 129 (2d Cir., 1967).
The basically defective nature of plaintiff’s action, moreover, prevents his representing a class, rendering that prayer moot also.
Accordingly, defendants’ motion to dismiss on ground of mootness is granted.
. 50 App.U.S.C.A. § 460(b) (3).
. This fact would also have been a perfect defense to a prosecution for failure to report for induction, in that there was “no basis in fact for the classification assigned to (the) registrant.” 50 App. U.S.C.A. § 460(b) (3).
. Of course, there is a further question of whether the 1967 amendment to Section 460(b) (3) in effect repudiated the Wolff decision and restored the Estep doctrine without the Wolff gloss. This court is of the opinion that the new amendment has that effect. However, this conclusion is not essential to these comments. Further, even if there were jurisdiction to grant an injunction, it would indeed be moot as contended by defendants. The threat of induction has been removed. While discontinuance of allegedly illegal conduct alone does not create the mootness which will vitiate grounds for an injunction, it is yet necessary to show “ * * * some cognizable danger of recurrent violation, something more than the mere possibility * * * ” to keep the case alive. United States v. W. T. Grant Co., 345 U.S. 629, 633, 73 S.Ct. 894, 897, 97 L.Ed. 1303 (1953). There must be an evident course of continuing conduct to carry out the alleged threat. Ouster Channel Wing Corp. v. Frazer, 181 F.Supp. 197 (S.D.N.Y., 1959). Plaintiff shows none. There is simply no such threat or restraint here as requires relief. Plaintiff urges the court to follow the action taken in Lewis v. Housing Authority of City of Talladega, Ala., 397 F.2d 178 (5th Cir., 1968). There, the court held that an action attacking a Housing Authority rule would survive a changing of the rule and revocation of eviction orders under the earlier Tule. The decision was based upon two things: Plaintiffs were placed under a similar threat by the express terms of the new rule, and allegations of present worth — segregated public housing, and failure to comply with federal regulations — remained before the court. Here, as stated supra, there is no necessity to hear other allegations. Here, too, of course, there is no jurisdiction to grant the injunction.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Reverend Tommie R. SMITH, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated v. Malcolm V. LEACH
- Status
- Published