Doe v. Bolton
Doe v. Bolton
Opinion of the Court
This matter is before the court on plaintiff Sandra Bensing Cano’s, formerly known as Mary Doe (hereinafter referred to as “plaintiff Doe”), motion to substitute counsel. Plaintiff Doe seeks an order substituting her current attorneys, Michael P. Farris and Wendell R. Bird, as counsel of record for the class plaintiff Doe purported to represent in this action commenced April 16, 1970. Current counsel of record are Margie Pitts Hames, Tobiane Schwartz, Betty Kehrer, and Elizabeth Rindskopf.
I. HISTORY OF THE CASE.
This action was filed for declaratory and injunctive relief against enforcement of the Georgia Abortion Act, O.C.G.A. § 26-1201, et seq. Challenging the constitutionality of the Act were twenty-six named plaintiffs
All parties appealed to the United States Supreme Court with defendants’ appeal ultimately being dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. Doe v. Bolton, 402 U.S. 941, 91 S.Ct. 1614, 29 L.Ed.2d 109 (1971). On appeal, the Supreme Court reinstated the claims of the physician plaintiffs, holding that they too presented justiciable controversies. Doe v. Bolton, 410 U.S. 179, 188, 93 S.Ct. 739, 745, 35 L.Ed.2d 201 (1972). The decision of the district court was modified and affirmed. Id. at 202, 93 S.Ct. at 752. The mandate of the Supreme Court was made the judgment of the district court March 12, 1973. The Georgia Abortion Act was repealed one month later by the Georgia General Assembly. 1973 Ga. Sess.Laws, p. 635. Following resolution of several post-judgment matters, this action was closed August 17, 1973.
On December 9, 1988, plaintiff Doe, appearing pro se, returned to the court to request that the sealed
II. DISCUSSION.
Plaintiff Doe’s former attorneys oppose the motion to substitute counsel on several grounds. The court need not reach these issues, however, because it finds that plain
It is the actual certification of the action as a class action under [Rule] 23(c) and (a) which alone gives birth to “the class as a jurisprudential entity,” changes the action from a mere individual suit with class allegations into a true class action qualifying under [Rule] 23(a), and provides that sharp line of demarcation between an individual action seeking to become a class action and an actual class action (citations omitted).
Shelton v. Pargo, Inc., 582 F.2d 1298, 1304 (4th Cir. 1978). Thus, in the absence of class certification, the court is enjoined to treat this action as one brought by the named plaintiffs on their own behalf. Pharo v. Smith, 621 F.2d 656, 664 (5th Cir. 1980). The sole plaintiffs to this action are therefore plaintiff Doe and the nine plaintiff physicians.
The lack of class certification is dispositive of plaintiff Doe’s motion. As previously noted, all plaintiffs save plaintiff Doe and the plaintiff physicians were dismissed for failure to state a justiciable claim. Unlike the plaintiff physicians of which there were nine, plaintiff Doe was the only plaintiff purporting to represent her particular class; i.e., pregnant women desiring abortions. Because attorneys Farris and Bird are already counsel of record for plaintiff Doe, the instant motion must be viewed as moot.
III. STATUS OF THE CASE.
Plaintiff Doe points out that under certain limited circumstances, a closed case may be reopened and the judgment therein vacated. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 60(b). Her present attorneys assert that they are “diligently investigating whether proper grounds exist” for such a motion. Reply at 4. While plaintiff Doe briefly addresses the question, the court is concerned by the apparent lack of any justiciable controversy in view of the Georgia General Assembly's repeal of the Georgia Abortion Act. While the Supreme Court’s decision in this action as well as in its companion case, Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113, 93 S.Ct. 705, 35 L.Ed.2d 147 (1973), was far-reaching, the fact remains that the action was brought as a challenge to the validity of a state law which, by virtue of the legislative action, no longer exists. Regardless of the merit of any forthcoming motion to reopen, the court is without power to reinstate the Act. The parties should be prepared to address these concerns at the appropriate time.
IY. CONCLUSION.
In sum, plaintiffs’ motion to substitute counsel is DENIED.
SO ORDERED.
. In addition to plaintiff Doe, these included: nine physicians, seven registered nurses, five clergymen, two social workers and two nonprofit Georgia corporations advocating abortion reform.
. The envelope was literally sealed by plaintiffs counsel but was apparently never ordered sealed by the court.
. Margie Pitts Hames, et al.
. Plaintiffs motion is directed only to the class plaintiff Doe originally purported to represent. Attorneys Farris and Bird disclaim any interest in being substituted as counsel of record for the plaintiff physicians. Reply at 4.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Mary DOE v. Arthur K. BOLTON
- Status
- Published