Sentinel Insurance v. Action Stop, LLC
Sentinel Insurance v. Action Stop, LLC
Opinion of the Court
ORDER ON MOTIONS FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT
Before the Court are Plaintiffs Sentinel Insurance Company, Ltd. (“Sentinel”) and Hartford Fire Insurance Company’s (“Hartford Fire”) (collectively, “Plaintiffs” or “Hartford”) Motion for Summary Judgment [Doc. 37] and Supplemental Motion for Summary Judgment [Doc. 45] as to Plaintiffs’ request to rescind the insurance policies issued to Defendant Action Stop LLC (“Action Stop”) and Action Stop’s breach of contract and bad faith counterclaims. Also pending before the Court is Third-Party Defendant BB & T Insurance Services, Inc.’s (“BB & T”) Motion for Summary Judgment [Doc. 36] as to Third-Party Plaintiff Action Stop’s breach of contract and bad faith claims. Having considered the relevant facts, applicable law, and the parties’ arguments, Plaintiffs’ Motion for Summary Judgment [Doc. 37] and Supplemental Motion for Summary Judgment [Doc. 45] and Third-Party Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment [Doc. 36] are GRANTED.
LEGAL STANDARD
Summary judgment is proper if the movant “shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.”
The Court must view the facts, and any reasonable inferences drawn from those facts, in the light most favorable to the party opposing the motion.
A district court cannot base the entry of summary judgment on the mere fact that the motion was unopposed, but must instead consider the merits of the motion.
BACKGROUND
The instant action to rescind insurance policies issued by Plaintiffs to Action Stop arises out of Hartford’s investigation of Action Stop’s claims of loss revealing that Action Stop offered sweepstakes games to its customers, a nature of business and material risk that Hartford contends was not disclosed in Action Stop’s application for insurance.
Action Stop, LLC
Action Stop was an internet café that sold prepaid telephone calling cards, cellular phone accessories, office products and services, and internet time on its on-site computer terminals.
Action Stop’s involvement with sweepstakes was neither happenstance nor a mere consequence of its operation as an internet café and phone card retailer. Indeed, Booth was inspired by similar businesses in Florida whose “primary business” was sweepstakes.
[I]t’s an internet center, but they have— the primary business is a sweepstakes, and folks would come in; they would purchase their phone cards. You know, a lot of the older folks ... utilized [phone cards] to contact their loved ones and whatnot. But they also knew that there were sweepstakes that were associated with [the phone cards], because that was the incentive that the vendor provided.”19
It was under this business model that Booth opened Action Stop, heavily promot
On June 2, 2010, Booth leased a storefront at a Macon, Georgia shopping center from which to operate Action Stop.
Later that day, Arthur Jones, an insurance salesman for BB & T, returned Booth’s call and inquired about the nature of Action Stop’s business and the type of insurance she desired.
Jennifer Vaughns-Liddle, an underwriting assistant for Hartford who processes Hartford’s insurance applications, reviewed Jones’s initial submission and “flagged” it for additional inquiry because of Action Stop’s stated intention to operate an internet café.
A recent development associated with internet cafés has been the introduction of sweepstakes gaming. The cafés sell customers phone cards or internet time that allows them to play sweepstakes games — mostly slot and card games.*1375 Customers can win prizes, more playing time or cash.
We’re only aware of sweepstakes gaming in internet cafés surfacing in a small number of states thus far ... -but it’s expected to continue to rapidly expand due to the high profit margins. Gambling is illegal in most states, but these operations are finding loopholes in the laws that allow them to operate.
Besides the obvious concern regarding insuring an illegal business, there are other insurance concerns associated with these sweepstakes from the potential crime exposure presented by large sums of cash to the liability associated operating late into the night.
Our position is to avoid insuring internet cafés ... with known sweepstakes or gambling operations. The existence of an internet café ... can usually be determined by the name, but whether the sweepstakes exposure exists is not usually obvious.32
Based on the memorandum, Vaughns-Liddle replied to Jones’s submission with several questions about Action Stop’s business, including: “Does the insured offer any type of sweepstakes, gambling, or arcade games[?]”
Jones promptly called Booth regarding Vaughn-Liddle’s concerns.
The next morning, Jones responded to Vaughns-Liddle’s inquiries and stated that “there was no gambling or sweepstakes or arcade games” at Action Stop.
Between December of 2010 and July of 2011, Action Stop was burglarized four separate times, the latter two of which took place on June 23, 2011, and July 4, 2011.
While investigating Action Stop’s claims, Hartford discovered that Action Stop participated in sweepstakes games.
On December 13, 2011, Hartford filed the instant action against Action Stop, Williams, and Surles, seeking to rescind the Policy on the grounds of a material misrepresentation. Subsequently, the Court permitted Action Stop to amend their answer and assert breach of contract and bad faith counterclaims against Hartford and join BB & T as a third-party Defendant for its alleged failure to procure the requested insurance.
Hartford and BB & T moved for summary judgment on March 15, 2013, and on March 18, 2013, Hartford timely filed a supplemental motion. Action Stop responded to Hartford’s and BB & T’s Motions; Plaintiffs and BB & T have since filed their replies. Accordingly, the Motions are now ripe for this Court’s review.
DISCUSSION
As a preliminary matter, Local Rule 56 requires the movant for summary judgment to include with the motion and memorandum of law a separate, concise, numbered statement of the material facts as to which it contends there is no genuine issue to be tried, and requires the nonmovant to respond to the statement of material facts by objecting to, admitting, or specifically refuting each fact.
Here, in responding to the Motions for Summary Judgment, Action Stop failed to respond to Hartford’s and BB & T’s statements of undisputed material facts, instead filing its own separate statement of material disputed facts. In their Reply Briefs, movants argue that their statements of facts should be deemed admitted because Action Stop failed to comply with Local Rule 56.
Local Rule 56 is intended to instruct the parties on how best to assist the Court in identifying genuine material facts which are in dispute. After all, “[j]udges are not like pigs, hunting for truffles buried in briefs.”
I. Hartford’s Motions for Summary Judgment
It is undisputed that the Policies at issue recognize burglary as a valid claim of loss. In its Motions, Hartford seeks to (1) rescind the Policies based on Action Stop’s alleged misrepresentations, and (2) dismiss Action Stop’s bad faith counterclaim for failure to pay under the Policies. The Court first considers whether Hartford is entitled to rescind the Policies as a matter of law.
A. Rescission
Under Georgia law,
Misrepresentations, incorrect statements, or omissions of fact on an insurance application do not prevent recovery under the policy unless (1) fraudulent; (2) material either to acceptance of the risk or the hazard assumed; or (3) the insurer in good faith would not have issued the policy if the true facts had been known to the insurer.50
To void an insurance policy under O.C.G.A. § 33 — 24—7(b), the insurer must show (1) the existence of a misrepresentation, omission, concealment of facts, or incorrect fact made by or on behalf of an insured, and (2) the materiality of such facts, omissions, or misrepresentation.
1. Existence of the Misrepresentation
Hartford contends that Action Stop misrepresented the nature of its business by informing Hartford that it did not participate in sweepstakes games. Thus, the Court’s inquiry is two-fold. First, the Court must consider whether, as a matter of law, BB & T acted as Action Stop’s agent such that BB & T’s statements to Hartford may be attributed to Action Stop as its principal. If BB & T was Action Stop’s agent, the Court must next determine whether, as a matter of law, BB & T, on behalf of Action Stop, misrepresented the nature of the business when applying for insurance.
With respect to the first inquiry, the Court concludes that the uncontroverted record demonstrates BB & T acted as Agent Stop’s agent. It is undisputed that BB & T was an independent insurance agent and “[(Independent agents or brokers are generally considered the agent of the insured, not the insurer.”
To the extent Action Stop argues that BB & T is Hartford’s agent, this argument is unsupported by the record. The Court can find no evidence nor has Action Stop pointed to any, that suggests BB & T was Hartford’s agent.
With respect to the second determination, whether Action Stop misrepresented the nature of its business by informing Hartford that it did not offer sweepstakes, Hartford must demonstrate the existence of objectively false information. “[T]he Supreme Court of Georgia has specifically eschewed any need for the insurer to show that the [insured] was aware of the falsity of the representation or statement in order to void a policy under subsections (2) or (3) [of O.C.G.A. § 33-24-7].”
Here, it is undisputed that the information submitted by Action Stop about its business explicitly denounced any involvement with sweepstakes games.
2. Materiality of the Misrepresentation
Action Stop next argues that even if it did misrepresent the nature of its business, the misrepresentation was immaterial. Hartford counters with Vaughns-Liddle’s testimony that Hartford would not have insured Action Stop had it known that Action Stop participated in sweepstakes games.
Under O.C.G.A. § 33-24-7(b)(3), an insurer may rescind a policy if it shows that it would not have issued a policy under its underwriting guidelines had the true facts been disclosed.
Here, the undisputed evidence demonstrates that Vaughns-Liddle flagged Action Stop’s initial submission for additional inquiry because of an internal memorandum circulated four months earlier. In addition to describing the risks associated with offering sweepstakes, the memorandum stated: “Our position is to avoid insuring internet cafés or cybereafés with known sweepstakes or gambling operations.”
Based on the foregoing, the Court finds that, as a matter of law, Action Stop made a material misrepresentation in applying for insurance and thus that the Policies are due to be rescinded. Accordingly, Hartford’s Motion for Summary Judgment is GRANTED. Because the Policies are rescinded as a matter of law, there exists no contract under which Action Stop can pursue its breach of contract counterclaim; this claim is also therefore dismissed.
B. Bad Faith Counterclaim
Likewise, with respect to Action Stop’s bad faith counterclaim against Hartford, the Court finds that this claim cannot survive summary judgment. Action Stop’s material misrepresentation in its insurance application constituted a reasonable ground for Hartford to contest the claims. Although determinations of bad faith are ordinarily reserved for the jury,
II. BB & T’s Motion for Summary Judgment
Because Hartford’s Policies are rescinded as a matter of law, the Court next considers BB & T’s Motion for Summary Judgment as to Action Stop’s negligent procurement claim. In its Third-Party Complaint, Action Stop alleges that BB & T is liable for its negligence in failing to procure the requested insurance.
Pursuant to Georgia law, the requisite elements of a negligence cause of action are duty, breach of duty, causation, and damages.
Although Action Stop contends that BB & T “owed Action Stop, LLC a duty to PROVIDE THE INSURANCE REQUESTED,” Action Stop fails to point to any evidence that Action Stop requested insurance for its sweepstakes business or even that Action Stop disclosed its participation in sweepstakes to BB & T, despite the fact that sweepstakes was the cornerstone of Action Stop’s business.
Even assuming, however, that Action Stop did request sweepstakes coverage, Action Stop nevertheless cannot prove the causation element of its claim. “Under Georgia law ... the alleged wrongdoing of an insurance agent is not the proximate cause of the insured’s denial of coverage unless coverage would have been available but for the agent’s wrongdoing.”
To the extent Action Stop contends that BB & T also breached its duty by failing to accurately portray Action Stop’s business to Hartford, this theory cannot withstand summary judgment. As discussed Action Stop has failed to demonstrate how BB &
Based on the foregoing, Action Stop’s negligent procurement claim against BB & T cannot defeat summary judgment, and BB & T’s Motion for Summary Judgment with respect to this claim is GRANTED.
Finally, the Court concludes that Action Stop’s bad faith claim against BB & T must also be dismissed. Under O.C.G.A. § 13-6-11, a plaintiff may recover the expenses of litigation if “the defendant has acted in bad faith, has been stubbornly litigious, or has caused the plaintiff unnecessary trouble and expense!.]” Here, despite BB & T’s explicit request for summary judgment of this claim, Action Stop fails to offer any response and consequently abandons its bad faith claim against BB & T.
CONCLUSION
In sum, Hartford’s Motion for Summary Judgment [Doc. 37] and Supplemental Motion for Summary Judgment [Doc. 45] and BB & T’s Motion for Summary Judgment [Doc. 36] are GRANTED. This action is hereby DISMISSED in its entirety.
. Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(a); see Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, All U.S. 317, 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91
. Catrett, 477 U.S. at 323, 106 S.Ct. 2548 (internal quotation marks omitted).
. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(e); see also Catrett, 477 U.S. at 324-26, 106 S.Ct. 2548.
. Penley v. Eslinger, 605 F.3d 843, 848 (11th Cir. 2010); Welch v. Celotex Corp., 951 F.2d 1235, 1237 (11th Cir. 1992).
. Logan v. Smith, 439 Fed.Appx. 798, 800 (11th Cir. 2011) (quoting Penley, 605 F.3d at 848).
. Pourmoghani-Esfahani v. Gee, 625 F.3d 1313, 1315 (11th Cir. 2010) (per curiam) (quoting Scott v. Harris, 550 U.S. 372, 380, 127 S.Ct. 1769, 167 L.Ed.2d 686 (2007)).
. Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).
. Envtl. Def. Fund v. Marsh, 651 F.2d 983, 991 (5th Cir. 1981). In Bonner v. City of Prichard, 661 F.2d 1206, 1209 (11th Cir. 1981) (en banc), the Eleventh Circuit adopted as binding precedent all the decisions of the former Fifth Circuit handed down prior to the close of business on September 30, 1981.
. United States v. One Piece of Real Prop. Located at 5800 SW 74th Ave., Miami, Fla., 363 F.3d 1099, 1101 (11th Cir. 2004).
. Id. at 1102.
. See Booth Dep. Vol. I, 84 [Doc. 39],
. The record reflects that Williams and Surles were involved in a physical altercation in the parking lot of Action Stop on February 19, 2011, and that Surles sustained an injury as a result. Am. Compl. ¶ 14 [Doc. 32 at 5]; Surles Answer ¶ 14 [Doc. 8 at 4]. According to Hartford’s Complaint, Williams and Surles were named as Defendants so to bind them by the Court's determination of insurance coverage. Am. Compl. ¶ 14 [Doc. 32 at 5]; Compl. ¶ 14 [Doc. 1 at 5]. Williams did not answer or otherwise respond to Hartford's Complaint, and on March 1, 2012, the Clerk of Court entered default as to Williams. Entry of Default, Mar. 1, 2012. Although Surles timely filed an Answer, he failed to otherwise respond to the pending summary judgment motions. See Surles Answer [Doc. 8]. After careful scrutiny of the merits of the Motion and record, the Court finds there is nothing that would otherwise prevent the instant Order from binding Surles. As default has been entered against Williams, this Order is also binding on Williams.
. Booth Dep. Vol. I, 33-42 [Doc. 39],
. Id. at 35-37.
. Id. at 35-37, 39; Booth Dep. Vol. II, 13, 84 [Doc. 43].
. Booth Dep. Vol. I, 40, 39 [Doc. 39].
. Id. at 29-34.
. Id. at 34-35.
. Booth Dep. Ex. 16 [Doc. 43-1 at 35].
. Id. at 42 [Doc. 39]; Booth Dep. Vol. II, 17 [Doc. 43].
. Booth Dep. Vol. II, 27 [Doc. 43],
. Jones Aff. ¶¶ 2, 4 [Doc. 36-7]; Booth Dep. Vol. I, 84-85 [Doc. 39].
. Jones Dep. 54-55 [Doc. 40].
. Id. at 55.
. Jones Aff. ¶ 11 [Doc. 36-7]; Jones Dep. 15 [Doc. 40]; Booth Dep. Vol. I, 86 [Doc. 39].
. Booth Dep. Vol. I, 86-87 [Doc. 39],
. Jones Dep. 26, 27 [Doc. 40].
. Jones Aff. ¶ 11 [Doc. 36-7],
. Vaughns-Liddle Deck ¶ 2 [Doc. 37-3],
. Id. at ¶ 3.
. Vaughns-Liddle Decl. Ex. 2 [Doc. 37-3] (emphasis added).
. Vaughns-Liddle Decl. ¶ 4, Ex. 3 [Doc. 37-3].
. Jones Dep. 33 [Doc. 40].
. Booth Dep. Vol. II, 32 [Doc. 43],
. Booth Dep. Vol. I, 99-104, 95 [Doc. 39]; Booth Dep. Vol. II, 26 [Doc. 43].
. Vaughns-Liddle Decl. ¶ 5, Ex. 3 [Doc. 37-3].
. Id.
. Compl. Exs. B, C, D, & E [Docs. 1-10],
. Booth Dep. Vol. II, 63 [Doc. 43].
. Police Report I [Doc. 36-3 at 16]; Police Report II [Doc. 36-3 at 16, 21]; Booth Dep. 63 [Doc. 43],
. Booth Dep. Vol. II, 62, 76 [Doc. 43],
. Booth Dep. Vol. II, Ex. 16 [Doc. 43-1 at 37],
. Vaughns-Liddle Decl. ¶ 6 [Doc. 37-3].
. Cancellation Letters [Docs. 1-11, 1-12].
. Order [Doc. 23],
. M.D. Ga. L.R. 56.
. Id.
. United States v. Dunkel, 927 F.2d 955, 956 (7th Cir. 1991) (cited by Smith v. Sec., Dep’t of Corrs., 572 F.3d 1327, 1352 (11th Cir. 2009)).
. Taylor v. Ga. Int'l Life Ins. Co., 207 Ga. App. 341, 342, 427 S.E.2d 833 (1993) (citing OCGA § 33-24-7(b)).
. See O.C.G.A. § 33-24-7(a), (b); see also Oakes v. Blue Cross Blue Shield, 170 Ga.App. 335, 336, 317 S.E.2d 315 (1984).
. Kirby v. NW Nat. Cas. Co., 213 Ga.App. 673, 678, 445 S.E.2d 791 (1994).
. Booth Dep. Vol. I, 84 [Doc. 39]; Jones Dep. 54 [Doc. 40], Hartford contends that Action Stop admitted BB & T was its agent in its third-party complaint and thus that Action Stop is bound by its judicial admission. Although a party is generally bound by its judicial admissions, see Best Canvas Prods. & Supplies, Inc. v. Ploof Truck Lines, Inc., 713 F.2d 618 (11th Cir. 1983), an exception exists to permit a party to exercise liberal pleading and joinder provisions. Nichols v. Barwick, 792 F.2d 1520, 1523 (11th Cir. 1986). Here, the record reflects that Action Stop took inconsistent positions so as to create a basis for establishing the contingent liability of BB & T. In this respect, Hartford’s argument is without merit.
. See European Bakers, Ltd. v. Holman, 177 Ga.App. 172, 174, 338 S.E.2d 702 (1985) (concluding that uncontroverted evidence "demanded the conclusion” that insurance broker acted as agent to appellant).
. Jones Dep. 55 [Doc. 40].
. White v. Am. Family Life Assurance Co., 284 Ga.App. 58, 61, 643 S.E.2d 298 (2007).
. Davis v. John Hancock Mut. Life Ins., 202 Ga.App. 3, 5, 413 S.E.2d 224 (1991).
. Vaughns-Liddle Decl. ¶ 5, Ex. 3 [Doc. 37-3].
. Booth Dep. Vol. I, 42 [Doc. 39]; Booth Dep. Vol. II, 35-37 [Doc. 40].
. O.C.G.A. § 33-24 — 7(b)(3).
. Nappier v. Allstate Ins. Co., 961 F.2d 168,
. Id. at 170 (citing Haugseth v. Cotton States Mut. Ins. Co., 192 Ga.App. 853, 854, 386 S.E.2d 725 (1989)).
. Miller v. Nationwide Ins., 202 Ga.App. 737, 738, 415 S.E.2d 700 (1992).
. Vaughns-Liddle Decl. Ex. 2 [Doc. 37-3].
. Vaughns-Liddle Deck ¶ 16 [Doc. 37-3],
. See Miller, 202 Ga.App. at 738, 415 S.E.2d 700.
. Jones v. Valley Forge Ins. Co., 191 Ga.App. 591, 591, 382 S.E.2d 404 (1989); see Dracz v. Am. Gen. Life Ins. Co., 427 F.Supp.2d 1165, 1170 (M.D.Ga. 2006).
. Stegall v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of Am., 171 Ga.App. 576, 577, 320 S.E.2d 575 (1984).
. Grange Mut. Cas. Co. v. Law, 223 Ga.App. 748, 750, 479 S.E.2d 357 (1996).
. Johnson v. Am. Nat'l Red Cross, 276 Ga. 270, 272, 578 S.E.2d 106 (2003); see Four Seasons Healthcare, Inc. v. Willis Ins. Servs. of Ga. Inc., 299 Ga.App. 183, 186, 682 S.E.2d 316 (2009) (recognizing negligent procurement to be a negligence cause of action).
. Ga. Farm Bureau Mut. Ins. Co. v. Arnold, 175 Ga.App. 850, 852, 334 S.E.2d 733 (1985).
. See, e.g., Moseley v. Coastal Plains Gin Co., Inc., 199 Ga.App. 99, 100, 404 S.E.2d 123 (1991) ("Where one undertakes to procure insurance for another and is guilty of negligence in his undertaking, he is liable for loss or damage to the limit of the agreed policy.").
. Resp. Br. [Doc. 50 at 9] (emphasis in original).
. Merritt v. Hub Int’l SW Agency Ltd., 466 Fed.Appx. 779, 780 (11th Cir. 2012) (citing Conner Ins. Agency, Inc. v. Strauch, 198 Ga. App. 536, 536, 402 S.E.2d 129 (1991) & Peagter & Manley Ins. Agency, Inc. v. Studebaker, 156 Ga.App. 786, 786, 275 S.E.2d 385 (1980)).
. See Wilkerson v. Grinnell Corp., 270 F.3d 1314, 1322 (11th Cir. 2001) (finding claim abandoned where plaintiff did not address claim on summary judgment); Wu v. SE-Atl. Bev. Corp., 321 F.Supp.2d 1317, 1333 (N.D.Ga. 2004) (finding claim abandoned where plaintiff failed to address claim in response to a motion for summary judgment).
. See Memar v. Jebraeilli, 303 Ga.App. 557, 563, 694 S.E.2d 172 (2010) ("[I]n the absence of bad faith, an award pursuant to O.C.G.A. § 13-6-11 is not authorized if a bona fide controversy clearly exists between the parties.").
Reference
- Full Case Name
- SENTINEL INSURANCE COMPANY, LTD., and Hartford Fire Insurance Company v. ACTION STOP, LLC, Broadus Williams, and Shawn Surles, Defendants Action Stop, LLC, Third-Party v. BB & T Insurance Services, Inc., Third-Party
- Cited By
- 2 cases
- Status
- Published