Musgrove v. Vilsack
Musgrove v. Vilsack
Opinion of the Court
ORDER ON DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT
This action arises from Defendant United States Department of Agriculture’s termination of Plaintiff Michael T. Mus-grove’s employment in December 2012. Plaintiff contends Defendant failed to accommodate his disability in violation of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.S.C. § 794 et seq. Plaintiff also challenges the Final Order of the United States Merit Systems Protection Board upholding his termination under the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, 5 U.S.C.
BACKGROUND
For the purposes of this Motion, the material facts in the light most favorable to Plaintiff, the nonmovant, are as follows:
Plaintiff’s Employment
Since 1989, Plaintiff worked for the United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) in various capacities. In 2005, Plaintiff became a Research Food Technologist in the Egg Safety and. Quality Research Unit (“ESQRU”) in the Richard Russell Research Center, South Atlantic Area, Agricultural Research . Service (“ARS”) in Athens, Georgia. From 2005 to 2012, Plaintiff was employed at the ESQRU as a Category 1 Research Scientist where he was supervised by Dr. Richard Gast. Dr. Gast is responsible for managing the ESQRU research scientists, as well as conducting and publishing research himself.
As a research scientist, Plaintiff was responsible for carrying out and reporting the results of scientific research. Each year, every research scientist was required to meet with Dr. Gast to have their yearly performance plan approved.
Plaintiff’s Disability and Request for Accommodation
In January 2009, Plaintiff was diagnosed with having obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and on July 27, 2009, Plaintiff submitted a written request to Dr. Gast asking for reasonable accommodations for his disability.
The following year, Plaintiff began having performance problems at work. Plaintiff failed to respond to work e-mails and messages and missed several- deadlines, including his annual report of research progress and documentation of completed personal research. Based on these issues, Dr. Gast expressed concern over Plaintiffs research objectives in his mid-year review for 2009-2010.
In the 2010-2011 fiscal year, Plaintiff failed to complete^ his CE II requirement by the September 30, 2011 deadline. To address this issue, Plaintiff was placed on a performance improvement plan (“PIP”), which provided him with an additional 90 days to complete the required two manuscripts and receive a fully satisfactory performance rating for 2010-2011. On December 5, 2011, Dr. Gast gave Plaintiff a PIP letter outlining his performance requirements and notifying him that if he failed to complete the manuscripts by the end of the 90 days he would be subject to removal. The letter also specifically informed Plaintiff “if [he had] a medical condition not identified under the reasonable accommodation process that [he felt] may contribute to [his] unacceptable performance, [he] may submit medical documentation.”
.Though Plaintiff completed the PIP, the Area Director, Dr. Deborah Brennan, expressed concern to Dr. Gast about the quality of Plaintiffs manuscripts. Normally,. Dr. Brennan did not review each research scientist’s published work; however, once an employee is placed on PIP it is her policy to review the employee’s work during the PIP period. To ensure that the quality of Plaintiffs work improved after the PIP period, Dr. Brennan requested to review his next two manuscripts as well. Dr. Gast also required that Plaintiff obtain two additional peer reviews for his next manuscripts based oh these concerns.
Throughout 2012, Dr. Gast continued to • communicate with Plaintiff regarding the
In May 2012,. Plaintiff e-mailed Dr. Gast requesting time off for a vacation. Dr. Gast allowed Plaintiff to take time off, but wrote:
My only concern would be for any potential effect on an absence from work on your ability to finish your required manuscripts for this year in time to allow the necessary peer, Unit and Area reviews before submission. I don’t know what Dr. Brennan’s exact deadline will be but I think at this point that it would be prudent to plan to have the papers ready to submit to her no later than August 15 ... I just want to make sure that you are cognizant of these deadlines before planning to use leave.21
On May 27, 2012, Plaintiff assured Dr. Gast:
I am in good shape for meeting my required manuscripts for the year. I anticipate no concern over completing the writing or necessary lab work before the end of my rating period — lam cognizant of all my deadlines and of the importance on satisfying or exceeding every performance element.22
Again, at a staff meeting on June 29, 2012, Dr. Gast reminded all research scientists, including Plaintiff, of the approaching deadlines.
In the beginning of July, Plaintiff still had large amounts of AWOL hours charged against him, even though the appropriate FMLA paperwork was submitted to Dr. Gast and human resources.
Throughout this time, Dr. Gast notified human resources of all communications with Plaintiff and sought advice on how to best handle the situation.
On September 30; 2012, at about 9:45 p.m., Plaintiff sent Dr. Gast an email requesting that he review the attached manuscript. The manuscript only had one peer review (instead of the required two), was never submitted to Dr. Brennan, and was submitted.a month after the August deadlines. Assuming no additional edits were needed, this left only a few short hours for Dr. Gast to review the manuscript, and for Plaintiff to-enter the information into the ARIS tracking, system and submit a final version of the manuscript to a journal.
Following Plaintiffs failure to complete his CE II requirement for the second consecutive year, Dr. Gast notified human resources that Plaintiff did.not complete his performance plan for the 2011-2012 period. Human resources decided to teiminate Plaintiffs employment. On October 19, 2012, Dr. Gast issued a forinal proposal to remove Plaintiff based on his failure to complete his CE II requirement one year after finishing the PIP.
United States Merits Systems Protection Board Decisions
On December 21, 2012, Plaintiff filed an appeal to the United States Merit Systems
t~efendant then petitioned for review of the MSPB's initial decision to reinstate Plaintiff's employment. Ultimately, Defendant's petition was granted and the decision to reinstate Plaintiff was reversed. On May 6, 2014, the MSPB upheld Plaintiff's termination, finding the manuscripts he completed were for the 2010-2011 fiscal year only and to permit otherwise would mean Plaintiff "could have done nothing under CE [] II during the remaining seven months of 2012 and still achieved [a fully successful i'ating].
DISCUSSION
Plaintiff may seek judicial review of the Merit System Protection Board's decision pursuan.t to 5 U.S.C. § 7703.
I. REHABILITATION ACT CLAIM
Plaintiff contends Defendant failed to accommodate his disabilities and discriminated against him in violation of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act ("Rehab Act"). Defendant argues Plaintiff did not request any accommodations and was ter-minate4 after t~o consecutive years of failing to complete his performance plan requirements.
A. LEGAL STANDAIID
Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(c), summary judgment is proper if the movant "shows that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and the mov-antis entitled to a judgment as a matter of law."
On summary judgment, the Court must view the evidence and-all justifiable inferences in the light most favorable to. the nonmovmg.party; the Court may not make credibility determinations or weigh the evidence.
B. Analysis
Plaintiff alleges Defendant violated the Rehab Act by failing to preemptively offer deadline extensions or a reduction in work requirements, imposing more strenuous performance standards on him, and eventually terminating - him.- Defendant contends it provided Plaintiff with the reasonable accommodations he requested for his sleep apnea; however, Plaintiff failed to notify Defendant of any additional accommodations needed for his CE II requirement.
The Rehab Act prohibits federal agencies from discriminating against employees with disabilities and is governed by the same standards as the Americans with Disabilities Act, 42 U.S.C. § 12101, et seq. (“ADA”).
Here, Plaintiff admits he never demanded any accommodations to help him complete the two manuscripts or even notified Defendant that he would not be able to complete his work in accordance with the set deadlines.
Moreover, Dr. Gast inquired several times in to Plaintiffs manuscripts deadline. In March 2012, after Plaintiff completed the PIP and his 2010-2011 CE II requirement, Dr.- Gast reminded Plaintiff that he still had two manuscripts to complete by August. Plaintiff acknowledged both the deadlines and the need for additional peer and Area Director reviews. Plaintiff continued to tell Dr. Gast he was on track to complete his CE II requirement. Indeed, in May 2012, after Dr. Gast expressed concern over Plaintiff requesting time off for a vacation, Plaintiff said he was in “good shape” and was planning on submitting a draft to Dr. Gast before he left for his vacation.
The Court finds no reasonable jury could conclude that Plaintiff requested any reasonable accommodation for his disabilities regarding his Critical Element II requirements. Therefore, the Court finds Defendant cannot be liable for failure to provide a reasonable accommodation un
II. Petition for Judicial Review
The Court now turns to Plaintiff’s request for judicial review of the MSPB’s decision,to uphold Plaintiffs, termination. Plaintiff contends the Court should overturn the MSPB’s decision because he turned in two manuscripts during . the 2011-2012 fiscal year as required, and thus should not have been terminated. Defendant argues the termination should be upheld because the MSPB’s decision is not arbitrary, capricious, or unsupported by substantial evidence.
A. Legal Standard
This claim is subject to review on the record and may only be set aside if the' Court finds that the agency action, finding, or conclusion is found to be “(1) arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion or otherwise not in accordance with the law; (2) obtained without procedures required by law, rulé, or regulation having been followed; or (3) unsupported by substantial evidence.”
B) Analysis'
Plaintiff argues the MSPB’s decision to uphold his termination is both arbitrary and capricious and unsupported by substantial evidence.because he technically completed his CE II requirement for the 2011-2012 fiscal year and should not have been terminated. The CE II requirement states Plaintiff must submit at least two original manuscripts for publication between October 1, 2011, and September 30, 2012. Plaintiff claims the two manuscripts he completed for the 2010-2011 period should satisfy the 2011-2012 CE II requirement because they were turned in on March 4, 2012. Plaintiff acknowledges the manuscripts were submitted in March because he missed the original deadlines and was placed on a PIP. However, Plaintiff argues because there is tension between the PIP process and the performance plan requirements, “the Court should enforce the performance standards as written and construe all ambiguity against -the Agency.”
First, “[i]n determining whether the outcome in an adjudication before an administrative agency such as the MSPB is arbitrary and capricious [a reviewing court does] not substitute [its] judgment for that of the agency but rather only seek[s] to ensure that the decision was reasonable and rational.”
Second, there is no basis for finding the decision- to uphold Plaintiffs termination was obtained without procedures required by law, rule, or regulations having been followed. Plaintiff challenged his termination and received a full and fair hearing under the applicable MSPB procedures. Plaintiff was reinstated in a different department. However, Defendant appealed this decision, and the MSPB reversed the reinstatement order and upheld Plaintiffs termination. At each step the proper procedures and rules were followed by the MSPB, and the Court concludes there is no basis for disturbing the decision of the MSPB based on this matter.
Finally, “[w]hen reviewing administrative 'decisions to, determine if they are supported by substantial evidence [the reviewing court] examines the entire record but defers to the agency’s factual determinations as long as there is relevant evidence that supports the findings as reasonable. This deferential standard of review means that as long as the conclusion is reasonable, we defer to the agency’s findings of fact even if we could have justifiably found differently. We do not reweigh or re-examine the credibility choices made by the fact-finder.”
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment [Doc. 14] is GRANTED.
SO ORDERED, this 25th day of March, • 2016.
. Pl.’s Stmt, of Add. Material Facts, [Doc. 22-3] atpg 1-2, 15.
. Id. at pg 2.
. Def.’s Stmt, of Material Facts, [Doc. 14-1] at Pg 3.
. Id. at pg 3-4.
. Id.'
. Pl.’s Stmt, of Add. Material Facts, [Doc. 22- . 3] at pg 3-4.
.Def.’s Stmt, of Material Facts, [Doc. 14-1] at pg 4-5. In September 2011, Plaintiff asked that a member of his support staff be carbon copied on to all his emails because his ADHD caused him to miss emails. Dr. Gast did not believe it was the support staffs job to monitor Plaintiffs emails arid denied the request. However, Dr. Gast then told Plaintiff he "respect[ed] [his] right to seek support through the Agency's mechanism for accommodating disabilities.” Plaintiff never followed up with this request and did not notify Defendant of
. Pl.’s Stmt, of Add. Material Facts, [Doc. 22-3] atpg 4-5,
. id. atpg 5.
. Id. Defendant discussed placing Plaintiff on PIP based on his 2009-2010 performance, but ultimately decided against it. Dr. Gast Depo., [Doc. 21] atpg 37-38.
. PIP Letter, [Doc. 14-6],
. March 2012 PIP Completion Letter, [Doc. 14-7].
.. PL's Stmt, of Add. Material Facts, [Doc. 22-3] atpg 9-11.=
. Def.'s Stmt, of Material Facts, [Doc. 14-1] atpg 7-8.
. Id. atpg 7.
. Pl.’s Stmt, of Add. Material Facts, [Doc. 22-3] atpg 11-12.
. Dr. Gast’s Depo., [Doc. 21] atpg 72-77.
. Pl.’s Stmt, of Add. Material Facts, [Doc. 22-3]' at pg 12-13.
. Id.’, Dr. Gast’s Depo., [Doc. 21] at pg 80-82.
. See Pl.’s Stmt, of Add. Material Facts, [Doc. 22-3] atpg 12-13; Dr. Gast Depo., [Doc. 21-31] Ex. 30 atpg 1-2.
. Def.’s Stmt, of Material Facts, [Doc. 14-1] at pg 7.
. Id.
. Defs. Stmt, of Material Facts, [Doc. 14-1] at pg 8.
. Pl.’s Stmt, of Add. Material Facts, [Doc. 22-3] at pg 13-14; Dr. Gast Depo., [Doc. 21-31] Ex. 30 atpg 1-2.
. Dr. Gast Depo., [Doc. 21-31] Ex, 30 at pg 1-2.
. Dr. Gast Depo., [Doc. 21] at pg 88-89.
. Def.’s Stmt, of Material Facts, [Doc. 14-1] atpg 7-8.
. Id.
. Pl.’s Stmt, of Add. Material Facts, [Doc. 22-3] atpg 15.
. Def.’s Mtn. for Summary Judgment, [Doc.-14-14] atpg 6.
. Pl.’s Stmt, of Add. Material Facts, [Doc. 22-3] atpg 15.
. Dr. Gast Depo., [Doc 21-36] Ex. 35 at pg 1-2 (ARS Performance Appraisal System Number 418.3 allows for termination of an employee who, after completion of á PIP, reverts back to unacceptable performance of any of the elements included in the PIP at any time up to one year from the date the PIP began.).
. Def.’s Stmt, of Material Facts, [Doc. 14-1] at pg 10.
. Pl.'s Complaint, Ex. A [Doe. 1.1] at pg 1, 5. The administrative judge also held Plaintiff failed to prove his discrimination claim. Id, at 14,
. Def.'s Stint, of Material Facts, [Doc. 14.1] atpg 10.
. Pl.'s Complaint, Ex. B [Doe. 1-2] at pg 1, 5-6. The MSPB also upheld the initial determination that Plaintiff failed to prove his discrimination claim. Id.
. Id. at 5.6.
. See Kelliher v. Veneman, 313 F.3d 1270, 1274 (11th Cir. 2002), reh'g denied, 57 Fed.Appx. 416 (11th Cir. 2003).
. Id.
. Id. at 1274-75.
. Kelliher, 313 F.3d at 1276.
. Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c); see also Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986).
. See Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247-48, 106 S.Ct 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986).
. See id. at 249-52, 106 S.Ct 2505.
. See id. at 254-55, 106 S.Ct. 2505; Welch v. Celotex Corp., 951 F.2d 1235, 1237 (11th Cir. 1992).
. Celotex, 477 U.S. at 323, 106 S.Ct. 2548 (internal quotation marks omjtted).
. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e); see also Celotex, 477 U.S. at 324-26, 106 S.Ct. 2548.
. Avirgan v. Hull, 932 F.2d 1572, 1577 (11th Cir. 1991).
. Ellis v. England, 432 F.3d 1321, 1326 (11th Cir. 2005) (per curiam); see also 29 U.S.C. § 794(a); 42 U.S.C. § 1981(a)(2).
. Ellis, 432 F.3d at 1326 (citing Cash v. Smith, 231 F.3d 1301, 1305 (11th Cir. 2000)).
. Sutton v. Lader, 185 F.3d 1203, 1207-08 (11th Cir. 1999).
. Holly v. Clairson Indus., L.L.C., 492 F.3d 1247, 1262 (11th Cir. 2007) (emphasis omitted); see also Lucas v. W.W. Grainger, Inc., 257 F.3d 1249, 1255 (11th Cir. 2001).
. Lucas, 257 F.3d at 1255.
. Gaston v. Bellingrath Gardens & Home, Inc., 167 F.3d 1361, 1364 (11th Cir. 1999) (citing Wood v. President and Trustees of Spring Hill College in the City of Mobile, 978 F.2d 1214, 1222 (11th Cir. 1992)).
. Holly, 492 F.3d at 1261 n. 14.
. Roddy v. City of Villa Rica, Ga., 536 Fed.Appx. 995, 1000-1001 (11th Cir. 2013) (per curiam) ("We need not address Roddy's claim that the City failed to provide him a reasonable accommodation by transferring him to an investigator position because Roddy did not establish that he made a specific demand for that accommodation, and the failure to make that specific demand is fatal to his claim."); see also Cazeau v. Wells Fargo Bank, NA, 614 Fed.Appx. 972, 982 (11th Cir. 2015) (finding no genuine issue for trial where Plaintiff never requested a specific accommodation); McCarroll v. Somerby of Mobile, LLC, 595 Fed.Appx. 897, 899 (11th Cir. 2014) (per curiam) ("[Plaintiff] did not' establish any facts to show that he made a specific demand for an accommodation before his supervisors decided to fire him.”).
. Additionally, Plaintiff did not formally notify Defendant of any additional disabilities after his 2009 sleep-apnea request. Defendant had no reason to know Plaintiff was unable to make such a request as Plaintiff had already requested and received accommodations for his sleep apnea. Plaintiff clearly understood how to make a request for his disabilities and what the proper channels were to receive reasonable accommodations. Defendant is not responsible for Plaintiff's failure to properly notify his employer of any additional disabilities he was suffering from at the time. See Williamson v. Clarke Cnty. Dept. of Human Resources, 834 F.Supp.2d 1310, 1321 n. 16 (S.D.Ala. 2011) ("Alternatively, Plaintiff’s failure to abide by [the employer's] standard procedure for requesting accommodations may, in and of itself, bar his claim.”) (citing Edwards v. U.S. E.P.A., 456 F.Supp.2d 72, 103 (D.D.C. 2006) ("[A]n employee’s oral request cannot trump an employer’s established procedure for requesting and approving disability accommodations.”)).
. See Enforcement Guidance: Reasonable Accommodation and Undue Hardship, EEOC Notice Nq. 915.002 (Oct. 17, 2002).
. Willis v. Conopco, Inc., 108 F.3d 282, 285 (11th Cir. 1997).
. Gaston, 167 F.3d at 1363; see also Spears v. Creel, 607 Fed.Appx. 943 (11th Cir. 2015) (per curiam) (citing Earl v. Mervyns, Inc., 207 F.3d 1361, 1367 (11th Cir. 2000)); McCarroll, 595 Fed.Appx. at 899-900; Warren v. Volusia Cnty., Fla., 188 Fed.Appx. 859, 862-63 (11th Cir. 2006) (per curiam) ("An employee's failure to request a reasonable accommodation is fatal to the prima facie case.”); but see Holly, 492 F.3d at 1261 n. 14 (“We have not determined whether a plaintiff must ask for an accommodation prior to litigation.”).
. 802 F.Supp.2d 1339 (M.D.Ga. 2011).
. Id. at 1356 (quoting United States v. Hialeah Hous. Auth., 418 Fed.Appx. 872, 876 (11th Cir. 2011) (per curiam) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted) (discussing requirements for ADA reasonable accommodation demand in Fair Housing Act case)).
. Id. The court relied on Hialeah Housing Authority for this proposition. In Hialeah Housing Authority, the plaintiff made several complaints to the Housing Authority about a . specific need for a downstairs bathroom in his apartment; thus, putting the defendant on notice. 418 Fed.Appx. at 876-77.
. In his memo to Dr. Gast, Plaintiff did complain about his FMLA leave and AWOL hours issues. However, this had nothing to do with his manuscripts arid would not have helped Plaintiff complete his CE II requirements by September 30, 2012.
. See Enforcement Guidance: Reasonable Accommodation and Undue Hardship, EEOC Notice No. 915.002 (Oct, 17, 2002) (“If an individual with a disability states that s/he does not need a reasonable accommodation, the employer will have fulfilled its obligation.’’).
. Dr. Gast Depo., Ex. 29, [Doc. 21-30] at pg 2.
. Keel v. U.S. Dept. of Air Force, 256 F.Supp.2d 1269, 1272 (M.D.Ala. 2003) (citing Kelliher, 313 F.3d at 1274-75; 5 U.S.C. § 7703(c)).
. Kelliher, 313 F.3d at 1275.
. PL’s Response Brief, [Doc. 22-1] at pg 13,
. Kelliher, 313 F.3d at 1276 (citing Zukas v. Hinson, 124 F.3d 1407, 1409 (11th Cir. 1997)).
. Id. (quoting North Buckhead Civic Ass'n v. Skinner, 903 F.2d 1533, 1538 (11th Cir. 1990) (citations and internal quotations omitted)).
. Id. at 1277 (internal citations omitted) (citing Fort Valley State Coll. v. Bennett, 853 F.2d 862, 863, 864, 866 (11th Cir. 1988); City of Pompano Beach v. FAA, 774 F.2d 1529, 1539-40 (11th Cir. 1985)).
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Michael T. MUSGROVE v. Tom VILSACK, Secretary, United States Department of Agriculture
- Cited By
- 1 case
- Status
- Published